Assessing the efficacy and impact of management of an invasive species in a protected area: Poa annua on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island

Plant eradication is difficult, particularly in remote, protected areas. The Southern Ocean Islands are very isolated and highly protected, but the flora contains many alien plants. Small restricted populations have been eradicated, but eradication of established species has proven difficult. A better understanding of the efficacy of control methods at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and their off‐target impacts may increase eradication success. With interest in controlling non‐native Poa annua in the region, we aimed to determine if physical and chemical methods can control P. annua (the sub‐Antarctic biotype) in sub‐Antarctic conditions and examined their impact on native plants. We quantified the effectiveness of physical control methods on P. annua in situ on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island through field‐based experiments and assessed their selectivity on P. annua compared with native grasses. We also quantified the effectiveness of several herbicides on P. annua at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and assessed their selectivity on native grasses. Of the four physical disturbance methods tested, none effectively reduced P. annua cover as one‐off treatments. Of the herbicide treatments, glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron sodium were effective and were less damaging to native grass species, indicating potential selectivity. Physical control was of limited effectiveness, but did not affect native species richness. An integrated weed management programme utilising the strategic use of selective herbicides with follow‐up chemical and physical intervention may balance control and biodiversity outcomes. This research highlights the importance of site‐specific testing of control methods and understanding off‐target impacts of control when managing alien plant species in protected areas.     

基于舟川旅游资源条件比较的川岛滨海旅游发展战略研究

川山群岛和舟山群岛均为我国八大群岛之一,具有诸多的共同之处。因此,造成两群岛滨海旅游差异甚大的深层原因值得深思。对两者旅游业发展的资源和条件进行深入的比较分析,总结出川山群岛滨海旅游发展中优劣势,提出一些川山群岛旅游业发展的一些思路和具体的实施路径,以期能为川山群岛旅游业的发展提供有用参考。     

Diel vertical migration of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)

To investigate their diel vertical migration (DVM), 599 sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were implanted with electronic archival tags in the Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and the eastern Bering Sea. Of these tags, 98 were recovered with usable depth data (7,852,773 recordings representing 81,233 days) that we used to identify DVM and to classify DVM into one of two types: normal DVM (rise from the bottom during nighttime) and reverse DVM (rise from the bottom during daytime). The results of our study highlight three important attributes of DVM for sablefish. First, all tagged sablefish carried out DVM, although the occurrence was intermittent (26% of the days with usable data) and most commonly for short durations (10 days or less). Second, bottom depth for normal DVM was about 78 m shallower than for reverse DVM. Third, normal DVM occurred most often in fall and least often in spring, whereas this high/low pattern was shifted about 3 months later for reverse DVM; reverse DVM occurred most often in winter and least often in summer. Normal DVM likely occurred to increase foraging opportunity (e.g., nightly shift to match depth of prey). Reverse DVM more commonly occurred during winter and may represent an increase in foraging by sablefish during the daytime to compensate for decreased pelagic resources. The default foraging strategy for sablefish may be benthic because of the uncertainty of vertically migrating to a location where the occurrence of prey is not guaranteed; sablefish may invoke DVM when the non‐DVM foraging benefit is reduced.     

2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾集群特征

基于2018年夏季南奥克尼群岛南极磷虾资源声学调查数据，本研究对该海域南极磷虾集群进行了分析。结果显示，检测到南极磷虾集群3 224个，反映集群特征的5个参数即深度、长度、厚度、面积及密度分别为(96.00±64.33) m、(218.52±455.66) m、(11.19±13.98) m、(1 894.40±9 345.72) m²和(114.11±159.60) 尾/m³；不同时间段之间集群密度无显著性差异，但集群深度、长度、厚度及面积之间均存在显著性差异。不同水层间集群厚度和面积之间无显著性差异，但集群深度，长度和密度均存在显著性差异。南极磷虾集群共分为三类，其中第Ⅰ类集群密度最大，为(325.90±221.30) 尾/m³；集群规模最小，为(379.64±433.73) m²；深度最深，为(158.06±67.54) m。第Ⅱ类集群的长度最长，为(1 089.60±1 189.56) m；集群面积为(15 601.25±30 243.33) m²，远大于其他集群。第Ⅲ类集群深度最浅，为(78.91±52.88) m；密度最小，为(48.87±50.33) 尾/m³，但数量最多。     

The borders within: Mobility and enclosure in the Riau Islands1

Abstract: The border studies literature makes a strong case against claims for unfettered transnationalism and ‘borderlessness’ in our ‘globalising world’. However, its focus on movement across borders means that it fails to address bordering practices that occur within the nation‐state as a result of transnational activity. In this paper, we extend Cunningham and Heyman’s concepts ‘enclosure’ and ‘mobility’ to confront the different layers of bordering (both physical and non‐physical) that have occurred in Indonesia’s Riau Islands since they became part of the Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle.     

如何快速改善千岛湖的森林结构与功能

根据调研结果，就如何快速有效地改变千岛湖森林结构与功能提出了相应的对策，认为调整产业结构，加强森林分类经营和加大封山林力度是三个先决条件，而加强科学研究，充分运用人为有利干扰则是其重要保证。     

广州市南沙黄山鲁森林公园鸟类调查初报

对广州市南沙区黄山鲁森林公园鸟类组成、鸟类区系、鸟类物种多样性和资源鸟类进行了研究.在森林公园境内共记录了鸟类41种,隶属6目,19科.其中,留鸟28种,冬候鸟12种,夏候鸟1种.根据中国动物区系的划分,东洋界物种22种,古北界物种8种,广布种11种.     

Conservation of Pteropus livingstonii based on roost site habitat characteristics on Anjouan and Moheli, Comoros islands

Livingstone's fruit bats, Pteropus livingstonii, (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera) are endemic to only two islands, Moheli and Anjouan of the Comoros Islands in the West Indian Ocean. With an estimated population of less than 2000 individuals, P. livingstonii is listed as Critically Endangered on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature's Red List. Yet the habitat characteristics of these giant fruit bats, or flying foxes, are poorly known. I conducted field research during 5 months in 1998 focused on finding new roost sites, measuring characteristics of both roost sites and roost trees at new as well as previously identified roost sites, and recording the same characteristics for a set of absence sites. I identified six new roost sites allowing me to measure the characteristics of 15 known roost sites and seven absence sites. The study spanned both dry and rainy seasons and I found a significant increase in the number of individuals at roost sites during the rainy season. Bat roost sites were associated with presence of water, southeast aspect, steep slopes, and presence of several native tree species. Roost habitat was characterized based on biotic, abiotic and human factors. This research on habitat characteristics is contributing to the development of a conservation action plan for the Livingstone's fruit bats. However, further research on dry season roost sites and distribution as well as feeding sites is necessary in order to better understand their seasonal habitat requirements and therefore ensure the conservation of P. livingstonii.     

中街山列岛保护区底栖海藻分布与资源特征

2008年7月至2010年9月对舟山中街山列岛的底栖海藻资源进行了调查研究,共鉴定底栖海藻4门54属78种。其中蓝藻门1属1种,绿藻门9属15种,红藻门32属47种,褐藻门12属15种。本地区新记录5种。中街山列岛底栖海藻以暖温带性的海藻为主,垂直分布规律表现为底栖海藻种数从高潮带向低潮带剧增。与史料相比,中街山列岛底栖海藻资源有较大幅度的减少。     

An assessment of catches of shore sport fishing competitions along the coast of the Maltese Islands: Implications for conservation and management

Competitive shore‐based sport fishing is a popular recreational activity in the Maltese Islands. However, prior to this study, no scientific research surveys had been carried out during sport fishing competitions to investigate catches. Collaboration with Maltese sports fishermen was developed to target sustainable management. Recreational fishing catches were recorded between July 2012 and December 2015 by means of 1,633 roving‐access creel surveys, conducted during 79 sport fishing competitions, totalling a fishing effort of 7,548 hr. A total of 29,916 fish belonging to 80 species from 26 different families were caught at a mean catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) of 4.16 fish angler/hr (SD ± 3.79) and 0.18 kg angler/hr (SD ± 0.17) but with seasonal variation. Catch‐and‐release practices were implemented by all Maltese sport fishing clubs, however, the mean mortality rate stood at 35.5% (SD ± 42.1), indicating that more effort is required to improve survival of fish. The study outcomes provide conservation recommendations.