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Morays occupy unique interstitial habitats and function as key predators in marine ecosystems. Conversely, there is limited understanding of the ecology of Gymnothorax polyuranodon, the lone representative of the family Muraenidae known to reside in freshwater systems. In this study, we used field‐based encounters over a 3‐year period in three short–steep–coastal–streams of the Australian Wet Tropics to find that most G. polyuranodon individuals (74%) occupied pools, with very few individuals observed in run (23%) or riffle (3%) mesohabitats. Moreover, G. polyuranodon positively selected microhabitats of slow flow (<0.05 ms?1) and deep water (>80 cm), while avoiding high flows (>0.5 ms?1) and shallow water (<40 cm depth). Morays exhibited strong preferences for boulders (73% of the immediate stream bed area occupied relative to 36% availability) with most individuals resting directly underneath large or very large boulders. Collecting and compiling records of this rare and elusive species over the long‐term helped to reveal such habitat specialisation. Future management plans for G. polyuranodon should focus on preserving boulder interstices year‐round and maintaining stream‐sea connectivity to facilitate a diadromous life cycle.  相似文献   
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为从分子水平分析海鳝科鱼类分子系统分类关系,澄清物种分类争议,实验通过PCR扩增获得我国海鳝科9个属26种鱼类16S r RNA序列片段,结合GenBank下载的其他海鳝科鱼类的序列进行分析。结果显示,进化树上,海鳝科主要形成裸海鳝亚科与海鳝亚科两个分支,裸海鳝亚科包括尾鳝属与鞭尾鳝属,海鳝亚科包括裸胸鳝属、裸海鳝属、勾吻鳝属、蛇鳝属等8个属,与形态分类结果一致。裸海鳝亚科分支中,尾鳝属与鞭尾鳝属形成平行的姐妹分支;海鳝亚科分支中,斑马裸海鳝单独形成一支,位于该分支基部,其他种类聚为另一支。分支I中裸胸鳝属、勾吻鳝属、蛇鳝属、海鳝属等属均无法形成单系,揭示这些种属可能是多系起源,与近期的分子水平研究观点相似。研究结果支持将斑马裸海鳝归为裸海鳝属,为单型属物种;虎斑鞭尾鳝归为鞭尾鳝属,与尾鳝属平行进化;拟蛇鳝从长海鳝属分离出来,归为拟蛇鳝属等分类观点。豹纹勾吻鳝与海鳝属关系十分接近,但其形态上还具有多个勾吻鳝属的基本特征,至于是否归为海鳝属,还需后续更多的分子与形态学研究加以验证。  相似文献   
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