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1.
为分析上海销售端扇贝冻品的品质状况及存在的问题,探究市售扇贝冻品的品质评价方法以及冻藏过程中导致其品质劣变的关键因素,本研究依据冰柜温度、冻藏时间、产品形式、包装方式和摆放位置共5种常见影响因素,对上海市售的11种扇贝冻品商品进行采样,测定白度、解冻损失、蒸煮损失、持水力、回复性、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性、硬度和感官评分共10项品质指标,利用因子分析构建扇贝冻品品质评价模型,并结合多元线性回归分析确定影响扇贝冻品品质劣变的关键因素。结果显示,扇贝冻品10项品质指标之间存在一定相关性,通过因子分析提取了3个因子成分,累计方差贡献率为73.33%,可以代替原有指标来综合评价扇贝冻品的品质,建立了市售扇贝冻品的品质评价模型:f=0.467f1+0.302f2+0.231f3,其中,f1公因子包括弹性、回复性、内聚性、蒸煮损失和持水力,f2公因子包括硬度、白度和咀嚼度,f3公因子包括解冻损失和感官评分;进一步由多元线性回归分析得出,冻藏时间、冰柜温度和产品形式是影响扇贝冻品品质的关键因素,其他2种因素无显著影响。研究表明,基于因子分析和多元线性回归的方法能够较好地进行扇贝冻品的品质评价并分析导致其品质劣变的影响因素。  相似文献   
2.
European nase (Chondrostoma nasus) is a specialist riverine fish, characterised by a complex life cycle making it vulnerable to habitat degradation. Recent findings indicate that, analogously to salmonids, the interstitial zone quality may pose a serious bottleneck for successful recruitment of this species. In this study, nase eggs were exposed to different substrate qualities. First, standardised substrate mixtures with differing fine sediment additions were used. Second, we tested different homogenous gravel fractions for their influence on egg development and emergence success. In both setups, substrate composition significantly affected emergence success, timing of emergence and larvae size at emergence. In the substrate mixtures, emergence was most successful in substratum with no fine sediment addition (98%) and decreased to 55% in substratum with 20% fine sediment addition. Emergence was most successful in the coarsest fraction (93%) and decreased to 47% in the finest fraction. Over all treatments, the time between hatching and emergence from substrate differed by up to 156 degree days, thereby indicating that free embryos of nase use the shelter of the interstitial zone for early ontogeny. These results suggest that a loose and porous stream bed can positively contribute to the development success of eggs and larvae and thereby potentially improve the recruitment of nase populations. It is thus important to consider the substrate and interstitial conditions in the conservation and restoration management of this rheophilic cyprinid.  相似文献   
3.
为探索黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)繁殖时期对人工鱼巢的偏好性, 2018年6—7月开展了不同水温条件下黄颡鱼对不同鱼巢颜色和材质产卵偏好性的对比实验。实验用产卵鱼巢为半球形棕榈空鱼巢(直径25 cm,深12 cm);同规格内部放置4~6枚碎石块的棕榈鱼巢和塑料鱼巢;折叠6层尼龙渔网(30cm×40cm)和棕榈片(30cm×40cm)鱼巢,于水泥池(290 cm×120 cm×100 cm)内开展两种温度区间条件下产卵偏好性实验。实验用黄颡鱼亲本雌雄比例为1:1,雌鱼体长(167.8±19.0)mm,体重(99.9±21.7)g;雄鱼体长(235.1±18.8)mm,体重(188.5±38.1)g。结果表明,在24~26℃水环境下,半球形棕色棕榈(无石子)鱼巢内个体平均附卵量为628.49粒/m2,个体单位面积平均附卵率为2.77%;28~32℃水环境下,半球形棕榈(无石子)个体平均附卵量为225.48粒/m2,个体单位面积平均附卵率为1.40%。结果分析发现, 24~26℃是黄颡鱼产卵的最适水温区间;黄颡鱼对棕色鱼巢产卵偏好显著(P0.05),而对灰色、粉色、黄色和绿色无明显偏好;黄颡鱼对半球形棕榈(无石子)鱼巢产卵偏好显著(P0.05),而对其他材质鱼巢的偏好性依次为:半球形棕榈(有石子)平铺棕榈片悬挂棕榈片半球形塑料水泥池。可见,黄颡鱼产卵的最佳偏好为24~26℃水环境下棕色半球形棕榈鱼巢。本研究结果对黄颡鱼的人工繁殖、产沉黏性卵鱼类产卵场的修复和资源增殖有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   
4.
Mystus gulio, the long whiskers catfish, is a popular food fish and potential candidate species for aquaculture in Sundarban area of India and Bangladesh. Recently, catch of this species has declined due to overfishing and various ecological changes. In the present study, mature fish was induced to spawn in captivity through intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin at the doses of 10 IU/g to female and 5 IU/g to male. Photomicrographs of all developmental stages of live embryo and larvae were documented with the aid of a light microscope. Results demonstrated that morula, blastula, gastrula and neurula and organogenesis ended at 1:30‐, 3:00‐, 5:30‐, 7:30‐ and 17:15‐hour post‐spawning (hps) respectively. Heartbeat and muscular contraction of embryo commenced at 8:30 and 11.15 hps respectively. Hatching of embryo started after an incubation period of 17:30 hour at an ambient temperature of 29 ± 1°C. The newly hatched larvae measured 2.17 ± 0.29 mm in total length with a yolk volume of 0.165 ± 0.03 mm3 started feeding 36 hr after hatching. The present study, on induced breeding and chronological development of M. gulio embryo, will have significant implications on conservation and seed production for aquaculture.  相似文献   
5.
黄渤海蓝点马鲛繁殖群体渔业生物学特征研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用2016年4-5月、2017年4月在黄、渤海调查采集的350尾蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)繁殖群体的生物学数据,对该繁殖群体的生物学特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:该繁殖群体的叉长范围为406~1010 mm,体重范围为533~7245 g,年龄组成为1~10龄,其中1龄与2龄个体分别占总数的39.2%与33.7%。采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程表示其生长特性,生长参数分别为L_∞=1246.9mm,K=0.11;雌雄性比为1:1.49,3龄前雄性个体数占优势,3龄后雌性个体数占优势。蓝点马鲛的产卵期在4~6月,产卵盛期为4~5月;其绝对繁殖力范围为9.2~127.5万粒/尾,平均50.5万粒/尾;绝对繁殖力随着年龄、叉长的上升逐渐增大,7龄后出现衰退现象。蓝点马鲛的优势饵料生物为玉筋鱼(Ammodytes personatus)、细鳌虾(Leptochela gracilis)。与历史记录比较,蓝点马鲛低龄化、小型化现象更加突出,摄食结构改变,繁殖期提前,繁殖力水平有减小的趋势。  相似文献   
6.
基于2016年黑龙江省重点国有林区348户家庭的微观调查数据,实证分析黑龙江省国有林区脆弱异质性家庭对停伐政策的态度及影响因素。采用因子分析与综合评价法将348户职工家庭分为脆弱性家庭和非脆弱性家庭,描述性分析2组样本家庭对停伐政策的态度及认知情况,利用多元有序logit模型分析脆弱性与非脆弱性家庭对停伐政策态度的影响因素。结果表明:非脆弱性家庭对停伐政策的了解程度及执行情况的评价均高于脆弱性家庭,脆弱性家庭相对非脆弱性家庭对停伐政策的认可度较高,但是应对风险冲击的能力相对较低。脆弱性家庭和非脆弱性家庭对停伐政策的态度受户主特征、家庭特征以及政策认知特征变量的显著影响,但脆弱性家庭变量参数估计绝对值相对更大,因而停伐政策对脆弱性家庭有着更为敏感和强烈的冲击。  相似文献   
7.
The Portuguese oyster Crassostrea angulata shows great potential in oyster farming. The conservation of pure populations of this species is important for production diversification and biodiversity preservation. In this way, the zootechnological development for seed hatchery production is extremely important. Broodstock conditioning is a key step in the process of rearing bivalves in a hatchery. Many factors regulate the reproductive cycle, being food one of the most important ones. To evaluate the effect of different diets on C. angulata reproductive performance, broodstock were conditioned with different food regimes formulated fundamentally by flagellates (Diet 1 – Pavlova lutheri and Isochrysis galbana clone T‐ISO; Diet 2 – P. lutheri, T‐ISO and Skeletonema costatum) and constituted fundamentally by diatoms (Diet 3 – S. costatum and Chaetoceros calcitrans; Diet 4 – P. lutheri, S. costatum and C. calcitrans). During conditioning, samples of oysters were collected to evaluate condition index, gonadal development and biochemical composition. At the end of the conditioning period, oysters were induced to spawn to evaluate reproductive output (fecundity, fertilization rate and D‐larvae development). The diets had an impact on the gametogenesis process, energy storage and reproductive output performance, being the best results those obtained in broodstock fed with the diatoms‐predominant diets. However, those fed with diets majority flagellates had an unsuccessful performance. Holistic approaches incorporating all results in this study reveal and reinforce the idea that the diatom species used presented the nutritional requirements to C. angulata broodstock, being essential in the conditioning phase.  相似文献   
8.
Milt quality of Waigieu seaperch was sampled at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the spawning season to assess if the sampling season has an effect on milt quality parameters. The milt volume and total sperm production were higher at the middle of the spawning season while the sperm concentration in milt was significantly higher at the beginning and the end of the spawning season. Sperm morphology and the major parameters of seminal plasma (pH, total protein, Mg2+, or Ca2+ concentrations) did not differ throughout the spawning season. The concentrations of Na+ and the osmolality increased throughout the spawning season. The percentage of motile cells did not differ during the spawning season while the duration of sperm motility (swimming duration) and velocity (swimming speed) were significantly different during the spawning season. The fertilization rate (75.7 ± 6.8%) and hatching rate (56.5 ± 3.1%) at the middle of the spawning season were higher than at the beginning and end periods. Results indicated that milt quality parameters and fertility success in the middle of the spawning season were higher compared to earlier and later sampling dates. Thus, we recommend collecting milt during this time for maximal fertilization and hatching success.  相似文献   
9.
10.
基于1956-2015年商丘市气象数据和霜冻害资料,研究黄淮冬麦区商丘市气象因子与霜冻害的关系,以及气温、地温、相对湿度、风速与草面温度的偏相关和多元线性回归关系。结果表明:随着全球气温变暖,商丘市冬春季积温以4.35℃·d·a~(-1)的速率逐年增加;晚霜冻害除受冷空气活动影响外,与前期积温和降水量密切相关,冬春季积温偏高或降水量偏少的情况下易发生晚霜冻害;随着小麦幼穗的发育,其对低温的敏感度增加,且可引起霜冻害的最低温度有逐渐升高的趋势;气温、地表温度、平均相对湿度、平均风速与草面温度呈极显著相关(P0.01),偏相关系数的大小表现为地表温度气温平均相对湿度平均风速,可见,除气温、地表温度外,平均相对湿度、平均风速也对霜冻害的发生及轻重程度起关键作用;各因子与草面温度可用模型表述为Y=0.558ST+0.482AT+0.087RH+1.304WS-12.704,经检验,线性回归方程成立,可通过该模型对草面温度进行监测,并为未安装草面温度传感器的地区提供可靠的冻害评估结果。  相似文献   
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