行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构正反求设计方法研究

为了解决现有行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构较难同时具备理想的移栽轨迹和姿态的问题,提出了正向设计与局部轨迹微调的反求设计相结合的设计方法。以非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构的设计为例,阐述该方法的实现过程。建立行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构设计要求,并分析其工作原理,在前期正向设计的基础上,局部调整其移栽静轨迹,通过反求设计进一步优化设计移栽机构。进行局部反求设计的运动学分析和运动学建模,基于Matlab平台开发计算机辅助设计软件,通过人机交互的方式得到移栽机构的机构参数,使其不仅满足移栽臂移栽的姿态要求,同时获得更理想的移栽工作轨迹。根据最终得到的机构参数设计移栽机构结构,完成三维建模、虚拟仿真试验,加工、装配移栽机构物理样机,完成了高速摄像运动学试验。将移栽机构理论计算、虚拟仿真、样机试验得到的移栽静轨迹比较,同时逐一将轨迹相关参数、取秧角、推秧角、角度差等设计目标参数与相应数值化目标进行对比,结果显示,均满足要求,验证了设计方法的正确性。与以往单一的正向设计、反求设计方法相比,该方法设计的移栽机构不仅具有更优的移栽工作轨迹,也可满足较好的移栽姿态要求。     

12-6台体型Stewart冗余并联机构正向运动学研究

针对六自由度并联机构的正向运动学无全解析解或全解析解推导困难、不便于程式化、存在多解选择的现状,提出一种含混合单开链支路的12-6台体型Stewart冗余并联机构,推导了适用于实时反馈控制的正向运动学全解析算法。通过单开链的方位特征集运算及路线分解,对机构的拓扑构型进行了剖析,并解算了耦合度,为运动学方程的构造及同构处理指明了方向。基于动平台上4个共面特征点的拓扑关系,对15个二次相容方程进行同构运算,推导了12个一次多项式,得到正向位姿方程的全解析解,具有形式简洁、对称,且根能够唯一确定的特点。根据速度基点法,建立特征点速度之间的矢量关系,解决了机构的速度正解问题。结合杆长协调方程及速度映射方程,并运用Jacobian代数法解析出机构的3组奇异曲面方程。实验结果表明,位姿正解的计算值与测量值完全一致,速度正解的最大相对误差为0.08%,它们的效率指标值分别为0.21和0.32,均满足实时性要求。     

Urban permeability for birds: An approach combining mobbing-call experiments and circuit theory

The urban matrix was recently shown to be a mosaic of heterogeneous dispersal habitats. We conducted a playback experiment of mobbing calls to examine the probabilities of forest birds to cross a distance of 50 m over urban matrix with different land-cover types in an urban area. We treated the reciprocal of the crossing probabilities as a movement resistance for forest birds. We drew resistance surfaces based on the land-cover maps of urban Sapporo. We applied a circuit theory to examine the relative role of a detour route consisting of a riparian corridor and urban matrix for dispersing forest bird individuals from continuous forest to an isolated green space in the midst of an urban area. Our results showed that wood cover had the highest crossing probability, while open land (grassland and pavement) had the lowest probabilities. Buildings and water surface displayed an intermediate probability. Resistance surfaces and flow maps at 25- and 50-m resolutions were very similar and suggested that dispersing individuals are likely to use the intervening building areas that dominate the urban matrix rather than detour through riparian corridors. Our results showed the useful combination of experimental approaches and circuit theory, and the importance of the spatial configuration of corridors, as well as the composition and management of dispersal habitats, to landscape connectivity.     

杨忠堡村牛羊养殖特色主导产业发展规划

作为“整村推进”的“科技扶贫”工作人员,在当地主导产业发展规划的制定中,必须要通过认真地调查研究,依据当地生产力发展的基本条件、发展现状及发展趋势等,科学利用资本积累及运行发展的基本规律,坚持“扬长补短、发挥优势,壮短益长、挖掘潜力,突出重点、优先发展”的基本原则,寻求能够促进当地生产力快速高效发展的方法和措施.介绍了杨忠堡村的概况,阐述了牛羊养殖特色主导产业规划的主导思想及生产内容,制定了产业发展方向和目标,并分析了预期经济效益.     

青饲切碎机动刀片受力对比分析

对PCCⅣ15．0S型青饲切碎机的两种动刀片进行受力分析，深入探讨了动刀片在切碎物料过程中各种参数的变化规律，从而得出圆弧刃口动刀片在综合切碎性能上较直刃口动刀片优越。     

小样本情况下需水量预测模型研究

针对传统的GM（1,1）模型,分析了其预测结果与实际过程存在的偏差,通过GM（1,1）模型与自回归滑动平均模型相结合的方法以弥补偏差。以钦州市1999-2009年及2005-2009年城市供水总量这两组基础数据对本文所建模型进行验证,并利用此模型预测了钦州市2010-2018年需水量。通过与其他预测模型的对比,进一步证...     

一种基于GIS平台的配电网潮流计算方法

以实例的方法,探讨基于配电GIS平台实现潮流计算的方案。利用GIS平台中的全局唯一编码（GUID）描述配电网络拓扑模型,取代传统前推回代方法中的节点、支路编码方式,为潮流计算提供更完整、精确、更新及时的参数。在Matlab环境下设计配网潮流计算模块,在GIS平台上集成该模块,实现可视化的潮流计算,将结果直观的显示在配电网地图上。     

移动泵站的发展展望

在大量调查研究的基础上，分析了研制移动泵站的必要性和可行性，并提出了研制过程中的技术问题。     

Neural network prediction of performance parameters of an inclined plate seed metering device and its reverse mapping for the determination of optimum design and operational parameters

Seed planting equipment with inclined plate seed metering devices is the most commonly used equipment for planting of peanut crop in India. For obtaining the high yield, it is very essential to drop the peanut seeds in rows maintaining accurate seed rate and seed spacing with minimum damage to seeds during metering. This mainly depends on forward speed of the planting equipment, rotary speed of the metering plate and area of cells on the plate. The relationship between these factors and the performance parameters viz., seed rate, seed spacing and percent seed damage can be established using regression analysis. But they may not be very accurate and may pose difficulty in the determination of inputs for a set of desired outputs (reverse mapping). Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to develop the feed forward artificial neural network (ANN) models for the prediction of the performance parameters of an inclined plate seed metering device. The data were generated in the laboratory by conducting experiments on a sticky belt test stand provided with a seed metering device and an opto-electronic seed counter. The generated data was used to develop both statistical and neural network models. The performance of the developed models was compared among themselves for 4 randomly generated test cases. The results show that the ANN model predicted the performance parameters of the seed metering device better than the statistical models. In order to determine the optimum forward speed of the planting equipment, peripheral speed of the metering plate and the area of cells on the plate to obtain the recommended seed rate of 33.33 seeds/m², seed spacing of 100 mm and percent seed damage of 0.2% with 100% fill of the cells, a novel technique of reverse mapping using ANN model was followed. It was observed that the optimum forward speed of the planting equipment and optimum area of cells on the metering plate had good correlation with size of seed. Linear regression equations were developed to predict the optimum forward speed of the planting equipment and optimum area of cells on the metering plate using the size of seeds as independent parameter. The peripheral speed of the metering plate of 0.237 m/s was found to be optimum for the size of seeds in the range of 95.42-123.01 mm². However, the results need to be verified by conducting planting operation under actual field conditions.     

Evaluation of three types of structured floating plastic media in moving bed biofilters for total ammonia nitrogen removal in a low salinity hatchery recirculating aquaculture system

Three different commercially available structural plastic media were evaluated in triplicate in moving bed biofilters under low salinity (11–12 ppt) warm water culture conditions and two different feed loading rates. The culture system consisted of nine separate modules that include a double drain fish culture tank paired to a moving bed biofilter. The biofilters were filled with 0.11 m³ of one of three different types of floating plastic structured media. The three types of media evaluated were K1 kaldnes media, MB3 media, and AMB media. Volumetric total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal rates (g TAN removed/m³ media-day), TAN removal efficiency, and biofilm kinetic constants, K_i (h⁻¹) were determined for the three media types at two different daily feed load rates of 3.5 and 8.2 kg feed/m³ media. The feed provided was a 4.8 mm slow sinking marine grower diet pellet (45% protein, 17% fat). Average (±standard deviation, SD) volumetric TAN removal rates (VTR) at the lower feed load for the three media types were 92.2 ± 26.3, 86.1 ± 27.5, and 82.5 ± 25.9 for the MB3, AMB, and K1 kaldnes media, respectively. At the higher feed load the average VTR for the three media types was 186.4 ± 53.7, 172.9 ± 47.8, and 139.9 ± 38.9 for the MB3, AMB, and K1 kaldnes media, respectively. Influent TAN concentrations varied by the feed load rate and ranged from 0.55 to 0.93 mg/L and 0.83 to 1.87 mg/L for the low and higher feed loads, respectively. The percent TAN removal rates for the MB3 media was the highest of the three media types at both the low and high feed load rates averaging 12.3% and 14.4%, respectively. The MB3 media was selected for use in the moving bed biofilters because of the greater VTR and removal efficiency results for use in the 0.11 m³ moving bed biofilters of the hatchery recirculating aquaculture system.