外源NO对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

研究了营养液水培下黄瓜在外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对NaCl胁迫下黄瓜幼苗活性氧代谢的影响,结果表明:NaCl胁迫明显抑制了黄瓜幼苗的生长,降低了保护酶活性,而NaCl胁迫下加入0.1 mmol/L SNP可以显著降低·O2-的积累,缓解NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长的抑制,同时能显著提高幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量,增强SOD...     

西施柚果发育过程中金属营养元素生理研究

研究西施柚果实发育过程K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe共7种金属营养元素的含量与分布、吸收规律及其与活性氧代谢的相关性.结果表明:(1)4～6月、6～8月和8～10月分别是果皮迅速生长期、果肉迅速生长期和果实转色成熟期.(2)果皮和果肉中K、Mg、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe的含量均随果实的发育总体呈递减规律(果皮中Ca的含量相反),但7种元素的吸收总量则不断增加.K含量位居7种元素之首.K、Zn、Fe以果肉居多,Ca、Mg、Mn主要分布在果皮,Cu在果皮果肉中的含量相当.(3)7种元素的累积主要集中在6～8月果肉迅速增长期,K、Ca和Fe在10月果实成熟期也有较大的吸收.K的吸收率与单果重增长率呈极显著正相关,Ca和Fe与单果重、Mg和Cu与果肉直径呈显著正相关.(4)7种元素中K与其它元素的相关性显著率较高,Ca和Cu以负相关为主.(5)Mn和K与活性氧代谢指标相关性较显著,其次是Zn、Fe和Mg,Ca和Cu均不显著.     

甘蔗抗虫机制的研究进展

甘蔗是重要的糖料作物也是潜在的能源作物,而甘蔗的生长过程中长期受到各种虫害威胁。目前用于防治甘蔗害虫主要是通过化学防治和生物防治,带来的害虫耐药性和环境安全问题不容忽视。选育和利用抗虫品种,挖掘甘蔗自身抗虫特性是目前公认的最根本、经济有效和对环境影响最少的办法。笔者首先介绍了不同甘蔗品种对甘蔗螟虫的抗性等级,再从甘蔗的物理抗性和生理生化抗性2个方面阐述甘蔗的抗虫原理,并重点介绍了甘蔗的诱导型生理生化防御体系。全文还就目前甘蔗抗虫研究现状提出建议和展望,以期为培育甘蔗抗性品种以及蔗田害虫综合治理提供参考。     

‘玉露香梨’僵芽发生与活性氧代谢的关系

为明确减缓营养生长对降低‘玉露香梨’僵芽发生的作用机制,以河北魏县正常发育的‘玉露香梨’短枝顶芽为对照,结合山西太谷的‘玉露香梨’短枝顶芽,研究花芽分化期不同‘玉露香梨’园活性氧代谢的变化规律。结果表明:魏县僵芽梨园新梢年生长长度和直径均极显著大于魏县正常梨园和太谷正常梨园,且枝条停长时间最晚;花芽形态分化期间,魏县正常梨园与太谷正常梨园‘玉露香梨’芽内的SOD、CAT和POD活性以及MDA含量表现出先升高后降低的趋势,而魏县僵芽梨园芽内的SOD和POD活性呈下降趋势,CAT活性和MDA含量则呈先升后降趋势;魏县僵芽梨园芽内SOD、CAT和POD活性整体显著低于魏县正常梨园、太谷正常梨园,MDA含量显著高于正常梨园。可见,营养生长过旺可能导致‘玉露香梨’僵芽的发生;同时,僵芽的发生与芽内SOD、CAT和POD活性密切相关。     

Detection and Pharmacokinetics of Etoricoxib in Thoroughbred Horses

Etoricoxib, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is used in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases and dental pain in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of etoricoxib in horses. Six horses weighing an average of 475 ± 25 kg were administered a single oral dose of etoricoxib at 1 mg/kg body weight. The results show that the drug reached a maximum concentration of 505.2 ± 67.8 ng/mL in 48 minutes after administration. The elimination half-life was calculated to be 10.20 ± 1.30 hours. Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed that etoricoxib is metabolized in horses via the oxidation of its 6′-methyl group to form a hydroxyl methyl etoricoxib which can further be oxidized to form either an acid or be glucuronidated. In addition, the 1′-N terminal of 6′-hydroxymethyl metabolite is oxidized to form the corresponding 1′-N oxide metabolite. The present results have clearly demonstrated that etoricoxib is mainly excreted in urine as metabolites. From these data, it is also possible to postulate a detection time for the metabolites which in turn can assist in the control of illegal use of the drug in horse racing.     

小麦灌浆后期青枯骤死原因分析及控制

小麦灌浆后期植株衰老与活性氧自由基毒害和膜脂质过氧化密切相关。灌浆后期株体内活必砼谢平衡失调是青枯发生的主要内因：造成青枯的外因除与“Ｖ”型变温有关外，雨后骤晴的强光与高温协同作用亦是青枯发生的重要外因一。灌浆后期“Ｖ”型变温使麦株各器均受到伤害，尤其穗下茎受到伤害。青枯能否发生取决于植体内酶活力的高低、非酶清除剂含量的多少以及“Ｖ”型变温的强度和持续时间。选择优良品种、适时播种、合理施肥和加强     

酵母蛋白饲喂泌乳奶牛试验报告

本试验通过在荷斯坦泌乳牛日粮中添加酵母蛋白部分替代豆粕,研究其对泌乳牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳成分及身体健康情况的影响,选取400头胎次、产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳牛分为对照组和试验组各200头,试验组每头牛每天饲喂500g酵母蛋白,通过60d的试验,结果表明试验组和对照组奶牛平均日产奶量差异不显著（P〉0.05）,分别为32.54kg/d与32.34kg/d。在产奶量不变的基础上,试验组平均干物质采食量降低1.7kg（DM）/d,产奶效率提高,与对照组相比差异极显著（P〈0.01）。     

阴阳离子平衡对山羊瘤胃内环境及养分消化代谢的影响

选用安有永久瘤胃瘘管黄淮山羊6只,随机分为3组,分别饲喂3种不同阴阳离子平衡（A组332mEq／kgDM、B组418mEq／kgDM、C组496mEq／kgDM）的日粮,研究日粮阴阳离子平衡对瘤胃消化代谢的影响。结果表明：提高日粮阴阳离子水平可以有效提高瘤胃液的pH值,在饲喂后8h差异显著（P〈0．05）;青干草DM、CF的降解率在瘤胃内随时间的增加而增加,在同一时间段试验B组较高,试验A组最低,且在12h、24h、48h时组间差异显著（P〈0．05）。CF的降解率趋势与DM相同,组间差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

Metabolic adaptations to heat stress in growing cattle

To differentiate between the effects of heat stress (HS) and decreased dry matter intake (DMI) on physiological and metabolic variables in growing beef cattle, we conducted an experiment in which a thermoneutral (TN) control group (n = 6) was pair fed (PF) to match nutrient intake with heat-stressed Holstein bull calves (n = 6). Bulls (4 to 5 mo old, 135 kg body weight [BW]) housed in climate-controlled chambers were subjected to 2 experimental periods (P): (1) TN (18 °C to 20 °C) and ad libitum intake for 9 d, and (2) HS (cyclical daily temperatures ranging from 29.4 °C to 40.0 °C) and ad libitum intake or PF (in TN conditions) for 9 d. During each period, blood was collected daily and all calves were subjected to an intravenous insulin tolerance test (ITT) on day 7 and a glucose tolerance test (GTT) on day 8. Heat stress reduced (12%) DMI and by design, PF calves had similar nutrient intake reductions. During P1, BW gain was similar between environments and averaged 1.25 kg/d, and both HS and PF reduced (P < 0.01) average daily gain (-0.09 kg/d) during P2. Compared to PF, HS decreased (P < 0.05) basal circulating glucose concentrations (7%) and tended (P < 0.07) to increase (30%) plasma insulin concentrations, but neither HS nor PF altered plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations. Although there were no treatment differences in P2, both HS and PF increased (P < 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen concentrations (75%) compared with P1. In contrast to P1, both HS and PF had increased (16%) glucose disposal, but compared with PF, HS calves had a greater (67%; P < 0.05) insulin response to the GTT. Neither period nor environment acutely affected insulin action, but during P2, calves in both environments tended (P = 0.11) to have a blunted overall glucose response to the ITT. Independent of reduced nutrient intake, HS alters post-absorptive carbohydrate (basal and stimulated) metabolism, characterized primarily by increased basal insulin concentrations and insulin response to a GTT. However, HS-induced reduction in feed intake appears to fully explain decreased average daily gain in Holstein bull calves.