旱季橡胶树魏克汉种质资源胶乳生理参数分析

以131份达到开割标准的魏克汉种质资源为试验材料，于2018年4月下旬开始割胶，5月下旬（旱季）采取单株胶乳，测定胶乳中的无机磷、硫醇、蔗糖、干胶、总固形物含量等参数，结合单刀胶乳产量和胸径围进行分析。结果表明，旱季橡胶树种质资源胶乳产量与胶乳中硫醇含量、总固形物含量的关系最为紧密。胶乳产量较高或较低的种质资源胶乳中硫醇含量对应较高或较低，总固形物含量对应较低或较高，反之亦然。相关性分析显示，胶乳产量与硫醇含量呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与无机磷、蔗糖、干胶、总固形物含量呈负相关，胸径围与胶乳产量呈正相关。其他季节胶乳产量与胶乳生理参数的关系还待进一步研究。     

Influencing in vitro clonal propagation of Chonemorpha fragrans(moon) Alston by culture media strength,plant growth regulators,carbon source and photo periodic incubation

Chonemorpha fragrans is an endangered medicinal woody climber,regarded among alternative plant sources of camptothecin.Camptothecin is a monoterpene indole anti-cancer alkaloid with annual trade value of over three billion U.S.dollars in the recent,and is used in the production of its analog drugs approved for the chemotherapy of cancer of varied types.Effects of plant growth regulators,culture media strength and photoperi-odic duration on the micropropagation ef ciency of C.fragrans from nodal segment explants were studied on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium amended with Thidiazuron(TDZ),Benzylaminopurine(BAP)or Kinetin(Kin).Thidiazuron was more ef cient over BAP and Kin when half basal MS medium was used over full or quarter strength.Results of carbon source experiment showed sucrose as the most effective over glucose,fructose,and maltose in the clonal production.Studies on the photope-riodic incubation duration showed 12 h as the best light period and sub or supra-optimal resulted in the production of abnormal and albino micro shoots.Experimental results on the evaluation of physiological,biochemical parameters showed the role of pigment molecules and antioxidant systems in the production of albino micro shoots.     

内生菌与雷公藤细胞悬浮共培养的生理生化特性

将2株雷公藤内生真菌Fusarium oxysporum NS33与Penicillium steckii NS6、2株内生细菌Enterobacter cloacae sub sp LG3与Serratia marcescens LY1及其组合分别与雷公藤细胞悬浮共培养,对不同培养体系内雷公藤细胞的生长及其生理生化特征进行研究。结果显示,在共培养前期,与对照相比,接种单一内生菌株提高了细胞的干重,其中菌株NS6的促生效果最明显;而在共培养后期,无论是单一内生菌还是混合内生菌均对细胞生长具有抑制作用。内生真菌和菌株组合处理的培养液p H值有明显的升高,而内生细菌LY1则明显降低了培养液的p H值,其具有产酸性。另外,当雷公藤细胞同混合菌株共培养时,培养基中总糖消耗量是最大的,而接种单独菌株时则对细胞可溶性蛋白含量具有一定的提高作用。接种内生菌会影响雷公藤细胞的POD、CAT及SOD活性,与对照相比,接种单独菌株会更加提升POD与CAT的活性,而细胞MDA含量则明显下降。     

The Use of a Metabolic Disorder Index as a Predictor for Metabolic Eliminations in Endurance Horses

The equine endurance race involves both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms of the horse. The intense physical activity over an extended period often causes susceptible horses to develop metabolic signs or problems resulting in elimination from races. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a method for prediction and validation of a metabolic disorder index (MDI) to be used before endurance races. Three hundred seventy-five Arabian (n = 152) and Arabian cross (n = 223) endurance horses aged from 6 to 15 years and weighing between 350 and 450 kg were selected for the study in Malaysia. Blood samples were collected at pre- and post-race periods. The significant (P < .05) findings in horses with metabolic disorder were packed cell volume (0.50 ± 0.06 LL−1), creatine kinase (1,275.89 ± 121.45 UL−1), interleukin-6 (2.01 ± 0.89 ng/mL), decreased glutathione reductase (26.57 ± 3.95 ng/mL), and chloride (94.98 ± 8.12 mmol/L). A new method called MDI was developed as a predictor for horses with the potential to develop metabolic disorders in endurance races. The MDI indicated a higher value greater than 5.5 for those eliminated and lower value below 5.5 for those that completed the race successfully, this proved to be accurate in the prediction of metabolic disorder in endurance horses. The MDI is an innovative and simple method used as a prediction method that will assist the equine endurance society to reduce the rate of elimination and to safeguard against serious medical problems during endurance races in the tropics.     

1-MCP处理对“丽格”海棠果实采后生理及品质的影响

以"丽格"海棠果实为试材,研究经1.0μL/L的1-MCP处理后,室温(20±1)℃条件下贮藏的海棠果实品质和生理变化,并利用主成分对采后测定的各项生理指标进行分析。结果表明,与不加1-MCP的对照组相比,1-MCP处理可保持海棠果实硬度,抑制可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的升高,减缓VC含量的降低、果皮叶绿素的分解和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的下降,降低呼吸强度和乙烯生成速率,有效地延缓果实衰老,使海棠果更耐贮藏。主成分分析在特征值大于1时将经1-MCP处理后的海棠果实8个生理指标综合为2个因子,累积方差贡献率达到84.44%,其中第1主成分主要代表果肉硬度和叶绿素信息,第2主成分主要代表乙烯释放量信息。     

秸秆或粉煤灰添加对砂姜黑土持水性及小麦抗干旱胁迫的影响

针对黄淮海平原典型中低产土壤砂姜黑土黏粒含量较高,土壤有效水分库容较低,严重限制作物生产的现状,该文采用盆栽试验,研究了不同外源改性物料的添加对土壤持水性能及小麦生理的影响,以期获得农田水分管理过程中的关键参数。盆栽试验设置常规氮磷钾(control,CK),常规氮磷钾配施下的添加秸秆(straw returning,SR)、秸秆碳(straw carbon,SC)和粉煤灰(fly ash,FA)处理,维持土壤相对含水率在80%,培育小麦至抽穗期,开展为期10 d的干旱胁迫试验。结果显示SR和SC处理提高了土壤持水能力,且处理间的差异较小;FA处理因其表面富含大量疏水性结晶矿物,土壤相对含水率下降较快,迟效水含量显著低于其余处理,但土壤速效水含量显著提高。不同改性措施均有提高小麦叶片相对含水率,减轻干旱胁迫的趋势,但在极端干旱胁迫下,FA处理叶片相对含水率不仅明显低于其余处理,且作物体内积累大量丙二醛、过氧化氢等有害物质。田间管理中砂姜黑土相对含水率应维持在38%(SR)、36.5%(SC)和24.5%(FA)以上,当土壤相对含水率低于30.78%(SC)、28.43%(SR)和22.5%(FA)时将会对作物生理产生不可逆的伤害。鉴于秸秆优良的保水性能,粉煤灰“富水,不保水”的特性,秸秆与粉煤灰的配合施用将利于砂姜黑土的改良。相关机制值得进一步研究。     

有机肥部分替代化肥对甘蓝生长、品质及土壤状况的影响

为探明化肥的减施并增施有机肥对甘蓝生长的影响,改善因施用过量化肥导致的蔬菜品质下降、肥料利用率降低和土地盐碱化等问题。本试验在冬闲田种植条件下,以鸡心甘蓝‘探春’为试验材料,采用田间小区（100%化肥、75%化肥+25%有机肥、50%化肥+50%有机肥）试验方法研究化肥减量及有机肥增施对甘蓝生长、品质以及土壤状况的影响。结果表明,化肥减量同时增施一定量有机肥对甘蓝产量和生物量无显著影响;随着有机肥施用量的增加,甘蓝横径有显著增加;随着有机肥施用比重的增加,硝酸盐含量逐渐从26.3 mg/kg降至17.7 mg/kg,亚硝酸盐含量从0.86 mg/kg降至0.60 mg/kg;同时土壤放线菌数量显著提高至300.99×10⁴CFU/g,土壤真菌数量显著降低至149.99×10³CFU/g;减施化肥显著提高了土壤pH（土壤pH提高至7.03）,土壤有机质含量无显著变化。可见,有机肥部分替代化肥可满足甘蓝生长过程中对肥料的需求,T50处理的甘蓝能够在化肥减量50%的情况下保持产量与品质不下降,同时提高土壤状况与放线菌数量,是相同条件下冬闲田甘蓝栽培一种稳产合理的施肥模式。     

Advance in study of batokines

Brown adipose tissue is a type of adipose tissue and is present in all mammals. It is not only the main site for adaptive thermogenesis in vivo, but also secretes and releases many cytokines in the form of endocrine to regulate a variety of metabolic processes and prevent and treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Therefore, identification of the types and effects of brown adipocytokines (batokines) may be crucial for the treatment of a variety of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Based on the latest research progress, batokines and their functions are reviewed.     

外源ATP对盐胁迫下油菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以‘陇油8号’油菜为试验材料,研究了不同浓度(1、10、25、50、100μmol·L~(-1))外源ATP预处理对盐胁迫下油菜种子萌发及幼苗生物量、H_2O_2和·OH含量、抗氧化酶活性、膜损伤程度、渗透调节物质及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明,与对照(不用ATP或NaCl处理)相比,用不同浓度的外源ATP处理,可不同程度地提高油菜种子的发芽率和发芽势,25μmol·L~(-1)的ATP处理表现较为显著,发芽率和发芽势分别提高了26.9%和17.2%。25μmol·L~(-1)的ATP+NaCl处理相比较于单独NaCl胁迫处理,油菜种子的发芽率和发芽势分别提高了13.7%和15.0%,油菜幼苗的生物量(根长、株高、鲜重)、2种抗氧化酶活性(CAT、POD)、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量及相关基因(MAPK3和MAPK6、SOS1和NHX1)的表达量均显著增加,其中根长、株高、鲜重分别增加了23.6%、27.3%、28.6%,CAT、POD活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别增加了10.3%、27.0%、15.9%、41.0%;而H_2O_2和·OH含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及相对电导率分别显著降低了13.6%、6.3%、27.6%、20.5%。以上结果表明,外源ATP浸种能够促进NaCl胁迫处理下油菜的种子萌发,显著提高幼苗的生物量、抗氧化能力及相关基因的表达,降低其膜损伤,增强油菜幼苗的耐盐性。