贪食迈阿密虫(M.avidus)对4种海水养殖鱼类组织匀浆液的趋化性

通过对贪食迈阿密虫(M. avidus)对4种养殖鱼类组织匀浆液的趋化特性进行研究,以探讨贪食迈阿虫对养殖鱼类的侵染特点。试验结果显示,贪食迈阿密虫对大黄鱼、大菱鲆、黄姑鱼、鲈鱼的眼、脑、脑脊液匀浆液有强烈的趋化效果(P<0.01),对皮肤黏液、鳃、肝、肌肉、肾组织匀浆液的趋化性较弱(P>0.05);对不同鱼类组织匀浆液对贪食迈阿密虫的趋化诱导差异比较结果推测,贪食迈阿密虫对宿主具有一定的选择性。本研究有助于深化贪食迈阿密虫致病性的认识,并为海水养殖鱼类盾纤虫病的预防提供参考资料。     

茅尾海海水养殖业污染变化趋势分析及控制对策

根据2001～2012年广西海洋环境监测中心的监测数据,对茅尾海区域海水养殖污染物排放进行计算,采用数理统计法、秩相关系数法分析海水养殖业污染变化趋势.结果表明,茅尾海海区内海水养殖污染呈现显著上升的趋势变化,并针对该现状提出合理的控制对策建议.     

Phosphorus removal in a marine prototype, recirculating aquaculture system

Phosphorus dynamics were examined in a prototype, zero-discharge, marine-recirculating system. Operation of the system without discharge of water and sludge was enabled by recirculation of effluent water through two separate treatment loops. Surface water from the fish basin was pumped over a trickling filter in one loop, while bottom-water was recirculated through a sedimentation basin followed by a fluidized bed reactor in the other treatment loop. Ammonia oxidation to nitrate in the trickling filter and organic matter digestion together with nitrate reduction in the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor were the main biological features of this treatment system. Orthophosphate concentrations did not exceed 15 mg PO₄–P/l in the culture water during more than 1 year of system operation. Much of the phosphorus was retained within the sedimentation basin and fluidized bed reactor. In these treatment stages, the phosphorus content of organic matter was as high as 17.5% and 19%, respectively. High concentrations of total phosphorus and low concentrations of soluble orthophosphate were measured in the initial stages of sedimentation under oxic and anoxic conditions, suggesting that most of the phosphorus was associated with organic matter. Depletion of oxygen and nitrate in the sludge layers of the sedimentation basin coincided with sulfate reduction to sulfide and a release of soluble orthophosphate. The observed phosphorus dynamics in this marine system supported findings from previous studies in which it was demonstrated that denitrifiers underlie phosphorus immobilization under these conditions.     

Haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters as stress indicators in Dicentrarchus labrax and Sparus aurata farmed in off-shore cages

In 2000–2001, an investigation was performed in two Sicilian mariculture sites (Pachino and Castellammare) to monitor physiological and biochemical parameters in sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) specimens farmed in off-shore sea cages. Plasma cortisol and glucose levels, tissue lactate concentration, haematocrit and haemoglobin content, lysozyme, haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities were determined. During the experiment, an increase in tissue lactate and plasma cortisol levels and a reduction in haemolytic and haemagglutinating titers, were recorded. Changes occurring in these haematological, immunological and biochemical values suggest that these parameters can be useful indicators in assessing the condition of chronic stress induced by mariculture operations.     

对虾病害发生的原因调查及对策分析

本文报道了１９９３年和１９９４年在山东烟台地区养殖对虾发生严重流行病原因的调查结果，着重从养殖环境和饲养管理技术上分析产生疾病的原因，提出了在养殖过程中增强对虾体质、预防疾病的七项措施。     

A simple substrate to produce the tropical epiphytic algae Hypnea pseudomusciformis

The seaweeds Hypnea spp have been used as a direct human food, for carrageenan extraction, and exploitation of chemical compounds of interest. Nevertheless, its culture is still undeveloped because of difficulties in managing the epiphytic habit. Therefore, this study focuses on obtaining a suitable substrate for Hypnea pseudomusciformis settling and developing associated to a simple and efficient system to produce this red alga in tropical coastal regions of South Atlantic. We developed a substrate comprised of a 1 cm diameter polypropylene cable with 60 cm length, which was totally shredded. This structure allows that the epiphytic algae grow settled on the substrates and not only appended to it. A modular long-line structure comprised of 1 m polypropylene braided cables with two substrates spaced 30 cm each. Testing the prototype in a seaweed small-farm resulted in a growth rate of 5.66 % day⁻¹ and a productivity of 0.64 kg m⁻¹ in 45 days. This simple patented technology may base used the development of the culture of H. pseudomusciformis in familiar or industrial scales.     

电絮凝技术在海水养殖尾水处理中的研究应用

随着水产养殖业的迅速发展,养殖尾水带来的环境问题日益引起广泛重视。电絮凝作为一种绿色环保型水处理技术,由于其操作简单、污染物去除效率高、设备占地面积小等优点备受关注。该文从电絮凝技术的研究进展、净水机理、影响因素及其在海水养殖中的应用展开论述,介绍了电絮凝技术在除藻、去除浊度和化学需氧量(COD)、脱氮除磷、杀菌消毒及与其他水处理技术的耦合应用,还介绍了电絮凝技术的能耗计算、氢气回收利用及面临的挑战。电絮凝水处理技术应用前景广阔,随着设备及工艺的不断完善,其在海水养殖尾水处理中的实际应用将不断扩大。     

固定化藻类对海水养殖废水中氨氮·无机磷的净化效果

[目的]明确固定化藻类技术应用于净化海水养殖废水的可行性。[方法]采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定的方法,将培养至对数末期的普通小球藻进行固定,制备3、4、5 mm不同粒径的固定化藻球,比较悬浮藻与不同粒径固定化藻球对海水养殖废水中氨氮和无机磷的去除率及微藻的生长特性。并选择直径为4 mm的藻球、空白胶球、悬浮藻液分别按10%和15%的填充率投放入海水养殖废水中,研究不同填充率条件下藻球对海水养殖废水中氨氮和无机磷的净化效果。[结果]4 mm固定化藻球对海水养殖废水中氨氮、无机磷的去除率较高,填充率为15%条件下去除效果更佳,但藻细胞生长被延缓。[结论]该研究可为固定化小球藻处理海水养殖废水的工厂化应用提供科学依据。     

3种滤料对池塘圈养尾水处理效果的影响

为了探究过滤材料用于池塘圈养尾水的处理效果,采用火山岩、活性炭及沸石作为过滤材料,以滤料种类、滤料粒径和滤料厚度为试验因素,以总固体悬浮物（total suspended solid,TSS）去除率、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）去除率和化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,COD）去除率为试验指标,开展池塘圈养尾水处理试验。结果显示,3种滤料均能去除池塘圈养尾水中的TSS和COD,均能在一定程度上降低池塘圈养尾水中的NH₄⁺-N浓度,活性炭的处理效果优于其他2种滤料,且活性炭粒径越小或厚度越大时对池塘圈养尾水处理效果越好。正交试验结果显示,以活性炭滤料、粒径为0.5~2 mm、滤料厚度为80 cm时,过滤装置对池塘圈养尾水具有最佳的综合处理效果,在该条件下对池塘圈养尾水的TSS、COD、NH₄⁺-N去除率分别为83.86%、49.78%、29.89%。     

益生菌的研究现状及其在海水养殖中的应用

随着水产养殖业的发展，疾病问题越来越受到人们的关注，利用益生菌生态防治更是被人们所重视。本文对有关益生菌在国内外的研究进展做一简要综述，并对它在改善养殖环境、防治疾病等方面的作用进行了深入探讨；同时也指出了它在应用方面存在的问题及今后主要发展方向。