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1.
Although burbot ( Lota lota Gadidae) are widespread and abundant throughout much of their natural range, there are many populations that have been extirpated, endangered or are in serious decline. Due in part to the species' lack of popularity as a game and commercial fish, few regions consider burbot in management plans. We review the worldwide population status of burbot and synthesize reasons why some burbot populations are endangered or declining, some burbot populations have recovered and some burbot populations do not recover despite management measures. Burbot have been extirpated in much of Western Europe and the United Kingdom and are threatened or endangered in much of North America and Eurasia. Pollution and habitat change, particularly the effects of dams, appear to be the main causes for declines in riverine burbot populations. Pollution and the adverse effects of invasive species appear to be the main reasons for declines in lacustrine populations. Warmer water temperatures, due either to discharge from dams or climate change, have been noted in declining burbot populations at the southern extent of their range. Currently, fishing pressure does not appear to be limiting burbot populations world-wide. We suggest mitigation measures for burbot population recovery, particularly those impacted by dams and invasive species.  相似文献   
2.
Stapanian MA, Witzel LD, Cook A. Recruitment of burbot (Lota lota L.) in Lake Erie: an empirical modelling approach.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 326–337. Published 2010. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA Abstract – World‐wide, many burbot Lota lota (L.) populations have been extirpated or are otherwise in need of conservation measures. By contrast, burbot made a dramatic recovery in Lake Erie during 1993–2001 but declined during 2002–2007, due in part to a sharp decrease in recruitment. We used Akaike’s Information Criterion to evaluate 129 linear regression models that included all combinations of one to seven ecological indices as predictors of burbot recruitment. Two models were substantially supported by the data: (i) the number of days in which water temperatures were within optimal ranges for burbot spawning and development combined with biomass of yearling and older (YAO) yellow perch Perca flavescens (Mitchill); and (ii) biomass of YAO yellow perch. Warmer winter water temperatures and increases in yellow perch biomass were associated with decreases in burbot recruitment. Continued warm winter water temperatures could result in declines in burbot recruitment, particularly in the southern part of the species’ range.  相似文献   
3.
研究可可托海水库江鳕(Lota lota)个体生物学,丰富其基础生物学资料,可为其种质资源保护与合理利用提供科学依据。2012-2014年,从可可托海水库及入库河道采集江鳕样本共196尾,测量其生物学常规数据,以耳石为主要年龄鉴定材料,对其形态特征、生长和繁殖特性及食性进行分析。结果表明,江鳕体长与体重相关方程为W=0.011L2.926;von Bertalanffy的体长、体重生长相关方程分别为L_t=101.8[1-e~(-0.132(t+0.594))]、W_t=8 982[1-e~(-0.132(t+0.594))]~(2.926),体长、体重生长速度和体重加速度方程分别为dL/dt=13.438e~(-0.132(t+0.594))、dW/dt=3 556.872[1-e~(-0.132(t+0.594))]~2×e~(-0.132(t+0.594))和d~2W/dt~2=469.507e~(-0.132(t+0.594))×[1-e~(-0.132(t+0.594))]~2×[3~(e~(-0.132(t+0.594)-1))];肥满度为0.52~1.34,季节、性别和鱼体大小间肥满度数值基本一致;雌雄比1.4∶1,雌雄个体最小性成熟年龄均为2+龄,性腺Ⅳ期的雌、雄繁殖个体平均成熟系分别为(3.59±0.93)%和(7.93±2.50)%,绝对怀卵量为(274 445.06±98 039.81)粒,相对怀卵量为(417.49±112.30)粒/g。江鳕为肉食性鱼类,小型鱼类在食物中的重量比和出现率分别为94.73%和89.38%,全年平均摄食率和饱满度分别为(86.06±12.51)%和(3.72±3.44)%。人类活动对库区江鳕资源造成负面影响,防止过度捕捞、护幼捕大措施,可使其资源得到保护与合理利用。  相似文献   
4.
傅里叶分析在江鳕矢耳石形态中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了验证傅里叶矢耳石分析在江鳕群体鉴别中的有效性,对3个江鳕群体矢耳石傅里叶描述子分别进行判别分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。判别分析数据显示,3个群体的判别成功率为96%,判别函数散点图显示,3个群体分离较清晰,仅有少量重叠;主成分分析中,特征值大于1的15个主成分的累计贡献率为94.354%,其中第一个主成分的贡献率为20.718%;聚类分析中,多布库尔河群体和松叶湖群体关系较近,聚为一支。本研究的试验结果证实了傅里叶矢耳石分析进行江鳕群体鉴别的有效性。  相似文献   
5.
In North America, burbot Lota lota (L.), interactions with hydropower are common, southern burbot populations are endangered and hydropower has been implicated in the decline. Thus, the objectives of this review were to identify threats and benefits of hydropower to riverine and reservoir dwelling burbot, assess overall impacts and identify key research needs for mitigation. Review findings suggest that while winter hydropower discharge regimes threaten riverine burbot spawning, burbot often successfully exploit reservoir environments. Further, while turbine entrainment has been hypothesised as a factor in the decline of burbot populations, low adult vulnerability to passage and a high resilience to juvenile removals likely mean risk to populations is low. Identified research needs include better definitions of flow and temperature requirements for riverine burbot and a quantification of the potential for reservoirs to act as source populations for downstream impacted zones. This review highlights the Pacific watershed focus of existing work and calls for status assessments and ecological research of burbot in North American Arctic and Atlantic watersheds where large hydropower and burbot interactions are common yet rarely studied.  相似文献   
6.
研究了人工繁殖时江鳕(Lota lota)的胚胎发育。江鳕的胚胎发育分为胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期6个阶段,20个发育时期,详细描述了各个发育时期的特征。在0~3℃下,胚胎历时998h孵出仔鱼,从受精卵至孵出的积温为887~1023h.℃。本研究还比较了江鳕自产与人工授精时卵的受精率的差异。结果显示,人工授精卵的受精率(约30%)比自产(19.4%)高10%。江鳕胚胎发育的不同时期对外界环境的敏感性不同,主要经历了3个死亡高峰,包括胚盘期至二细胞期、桑椹胚期至原肠早期、出膜期。  相似文献   
7.
额尔齐斯河中蕴藏着丰富的冷水鱼类种质资源,江鳕(Lota lota)是其中之一,建立其精子冷冻保存技术和精子冷冻库,对种质资源保存具有重要意义。本研究利用无机盐、葡萄糖、蔗糖、胎牛血清等配制7种精子稀释液,以5∶1的比例稀释精液,激活后观察统计精子活力。结果显示,江鳕精子仅在SS、D15和CM中具有(13.33±2.89)%~(8.33±2.88)%活力。在此基础上配制22种梯度稀释液(SS-00~SS-10和D15-0~D15-7),以同样的方法稀释和观察精子活力。结果显示,SS-0(56.67±5.77)%、SS-2(63.33±5.77)%、SS-5(53.33±5.77)%和D15-7(63.33±5.77)%中精子活力较高,与鲜精活力(76.67±5.77)%接近(P0.05)。将二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和甲醇(MeOH)以3∶2比例配制成混合抗冻剂(DM),分别以5%~12%浓度加入到精子稀释液SS-5和D15-7中,以5∶1比例稀释精液,冷冻保存精子。结果显示,冷冻前,5%DM的SS-5和D15-7中精子活力(73.33±5.77)%与鲜精无显著差异(P0.05),当DM浓度升高到10%~12%时,精子活力接近于0;冷冻后,在DM浓度为6%的SS-5中,精子活力较高为(26.67±5.77)%(P0.05);在DM浓度为7%的D15-7中,精子活力较高为(26.67±5.77)%(P0.05)。本研究结果为额尔齐斯河江鳕精子冷冻保存提供了一定的理论和技术依据。  相似文献   
8.
采用酸水解法测定野生江鳕(Lota lota)的肌肉氨基酸含量,分析其氨基酸的种类与比例,并对其营养成分进行评价。结果表明:江鳕肌肉中含有17种氨基酸,总含量为(72.43±1.16)%(干样),其中7种为人体必需氨基酸(EAA),总量为(29.82±0.57)%,占氨基酸总量的41.17%,其中必需氨基酸的组成比例与联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)的标准相符。江鳕的第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,4种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为(28.34±0.35)%(干样)。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为62.58。研究表明:江鳕含有丰富的氨基酸具有很高的营养价值和保健作用。  相似文献   
9.
10.
本文汇集了1981~1987年捕获的1,800余尾江鳕标本的观测数据。以耳石为材料对年龄和生长作了鉴定分析。探讨了该水域江鳕食性变化特点。记述了镜泊湖江鳕冰下溯江作生殖洄游的时间规律。揭示了江鳕属一次性产卵类型的鱼类,产卵期明显集中。少数性腺发育与产卵群体不同步的初次性成熟个体,产卵活动有不规则地延后现象。此与国内流行的卵分批排出,产卵期为11月至翌年3月的文献记述显著有别。  相似文献   
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