内蒙古锡林郭勒盟典型草原固碳量及固碳潜力估算

为了评价不同放牧强度对草原固碳量及固碳潜力的影响，本研究采用系统动力学建模方法耦合CASA光合利用率模型、Shiyomi放牧模型、Raich土壤呼吸模型等模型，建立了基于系统动力学库-流思路的碳循环模型，该模型包含3个子系统、4个碳库。结果表明：1998至2015年，在内蒙古锡林郭勒盟的温度降低、降水量增加的背景下，净初级生产力呈现升高的趋势，典型草原土壤固碳量呈现下降趋势；放牧强度在3羊·公顷^-1下净生态系统初级生产力最低，固碳潜力最大，分别为-16.2 gC·m^-2和24.84 TgC。因此，建议内蒙古锡林郭勒盟典型草原西部（阿巴嘎旗、那仁宝力格站）的放牧强度不宜超过1.5羊·公顷^-1；东部（多伦县、东乌珠穆沁、西乌珠穆沁、锡林浩特站）不宜超过4.5羊·公顷^-1。     

土壤团聚体有机碳研究进展

土壤有机碳是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标,对于促进土壤养分循环、增加养分有效性有重要作用。土壤团聚体是土壤的重要组成部分,是组成土壤结构的最小单元,受到自然因素和人为因素的影响,其形成转化过程与土壤固碳过程息息相关,因而研究团聚体和有机碳的关系及团聚体有机碳影响因素对于土壤结构的改善和土壤质量的提升具有重要意义。本文通过对文献的总结,明晰了土壤团聚体和有机碳的关系,阐述了土壤类型、施肥方式、土地利用和矿区复垦对土壤团聚体有机碳的影响,并从生物质炭的长期定位研究和复垦矿区的土壤修复两方面对土壤团聚体有机碳的研究进行展望,研究结果可为合理的农业生产提供科学依据。     

结构创新的楼房猪场是防非保供的一种可行模式

传统的养猪模式难以应对诸如非洲猪瘟这样的疫病,普通平层猪场叠加而成的楼房没有从本质上得到改进,而结构创新之后的楼房猪场在养猪的可靠性上大大增强,并可能发展为城市养猪新模式,为防非保猪、稳产保供提供一种解决方案。在此基础上升级的"料、养、宰、商一体化"造肉工厂模式,更是一种能把运猪变为运肉的可行解决方案。当这些模式得到应用和推广时,困扰行业的"猪周期"问题也将得到妥善解决。     

风积沙掺量对冻融-碳化耦合作用下混凝土耐久性的影响

针对寒区农业水利工程中混凝土的实际服役环境,利用风积沙等质量替代部分天然河砂制备不同风积沙替代率的混凝土为研究对象进行冻融循环-碳化耦合试验。分析冻融循环-碳化耦合作用下风积沙混凝土的损伤过程,借助核磁共振仪探讨了混凝土的孔隙结构演变与其耐久性之间的联系。试验结果表明,每个试验周期中,经历相同冻融循环次数和碳化时间,但作用顺序不同的情况下,冻融循环-碳化作用对混凝土造成的损伤大于碳化-冻融循环作用;当风积沙替代率由0增加至40%时,混凝土的初始孔隙度降低,同时试验中的质量损失率和相对动弹性模量变化减小;混凝土内部凝胶孔和少害孔占比对其孔隙度和相对动弹性模量具有主导作用,当凝胶孔和少害孔占比之比在5～25之间时相对动弹性模量和孔隙度变化不超过1%,在0～5之间减小时相对动弹性模量和孔隙度变化明显;风积沙的加入改善了混凝土的孔隙分布,风积沙替代率为40%的风积沙混凝土表现出良好的抗冻融、抗碳化能力。该研究可为风积沙混凝土在寒区农业水利工程中的研究与应用提供依据。     

Mechanism of elemene enhancing radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells

AIM To investigate the effect of elemene on the radiosensitivity of human glioma U251 cells and its mechanism. METHODS The U251 cells were used as a glioma model in vitro, and were exposed to different concentrations of elemene and different doses of radiation. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, the apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the related protein levels were determined by Western blot. RESULTS Elemene inhibited the viability of U251 cells in vitro and enhanced the radiosensitivity of the cells. The cells in radiotherapy combined with elemene group had higher rates of early apoptosis, secondary necrosis and total cell death than those in radiation group. Elemene induced G₂/M phase arrest in the U251 cells. Elemene reduced the protein expression of cell division cycle protein 2 （Cdc2）, which resulted in the decrease in cyclin B1 expression induced by radiotherapy, thereby inhibiting the formation of cyclin B-Cdc2 complex. Elemene reduced Cdc2 activity by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Cdc2 protein at threonine 161, thereby inducing G₂/M phase arrest in the cells. It also mediated apoptosis by down-regulating survivin expression. CONCLUSION Elemene may increase the sensitivity of U251 cells to radiotherapy by down-regulating Cdc2 protein, decreasing cyclin B1 expression, inhibiting the formation of cylcin B-Cdc2 complex and down-regulating the expression of survivin.     

非洲猪瘟对中国生猪市场和产业发展影响分析

受非洲猪瘟疫情、环保等因素影响,生猪产能快速深度下降,未来2 a猪肉供给偏紧特征明显,生猪价格快速进入新一轮上涨周期,未来养殖收益将连续3 a处于较好水平,未来2 a猪肉进口预期创新高。短期来看,非洲猪瘟影响下产销区供给过剩和供给偏紧交替出现,猪价由区域分化演变为普遍性上涨。受非洲猪瘟防控政策、产业生物安全水平提升需求和近期出台的产业支持政策等因素影响,中国生猪产业的生产和屠宰布局、流通模式、消费结构、猪肉贸易、价格周期等发生深刻变革。非洲猪瘟导致中国生猪养殖模式向适度规模转变,"公司+农户"成为主要发展模式,屠宰产能由销区向产区转移,管理和防疫成本提高,生猪产能恢复速度将较缓慢,猪肉消费加速向冷鲜肉转变,在肉类消费结构中比重将进一步下降,未来猪肉进口保持较高水平将成为常态。要有效实施非洲猪瘟分区防控、保障生猪市场稳定,需要通过加强区域化防控机制的顶层设计和立法,优化非洲猪瘟强制性扑杀补贴机制,加强基层兽医体系建设,实施"政府+企业+养殖户"联防联控,降低疫病传播风险,推动生猪产业可持续发展。     

草地灌丛化土壤碳氮地球化学循环

灌丛化(shrub encroachment)是全球陆地生态系统重要的生态现象之一,是影响草地碳库的重要过程。灌丛化由全球气候变化、降雨、火烧和生物活动等多因素共同作用形成,对区域环境、气候、土壤性质和碳循环影响显著。目前灌丛化对生态系统的影响仍存在分歧,表现在不同气候和降雨梯度下灌丛化后土壤有机碳/氮储量、养分循环和土壤温室气体排放等差异。本文总结和归纳了灌丛化形成与控制因素、灌丛化对团聚体稳定性、酶活性和土壤碳、氮循环的影响。灌丛化改变了土壤团聚体稳定性和酶活性,进而影响土壤呼吸以及土壤生源物质的存储、分解和循环,这将显著影响区域乃至全球气候变化。因此分析提出,今后应进一步加强对灌丛化形成过程长期的定位观察研究,以便了解灌丛化的可控因素,并加强对灌丛化后土壤有机碳库、土壤团聚体稳定性变化对碳氮循环进程和全球气候变化的影响研究。     

Aquaponics and sustainability: The comparison of two different aquaponic techniques using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Aquaponics is generally regarded as a sustainable practice, but its environmental burdens were not yet deeply investigated. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to assess the environmental impacts of two hypothetical coupled aquaponics systems (CAPS): Raft System (RAFT) and Media-Filled Beds System (MFBS). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were considered as cultivated species in both systems. The Simapro^© software V.8.0 was used for calculation. The comparison between the two virtual systems indicated the floating technique as the less impacting one. Even though energy consumption appears to be higher in the floating system, LCA results were markedly influenced by the extensive use of inert materials in MFSB. In both systems, contribution analyses underlined that the main environmental impacts are related to infrastructures, electricity and fish feed. The LCA analyses carried out in this study highlights that the choice of less impacting materials, and the optimization of management practices, should be taken as priorities in order to reduce environmental impacts of this activity.