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排序方式: 共有287条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The objective of this study was to evaluate different hatchery systems used for the larviculture of the Macrobrachium carcinus based on survival, larval development and production of post-larvae. The experimental culture was carried out in three phases designated as Phase I (Zoea VI to VIII – ZVI – VIII), Phase II (Zoea VIII to X – ZVIII – X), and Phase III (Zoea X to PL – ZX – PL), with densities of 30, 27.5 and 25 larvae / L, respectively. The M. carcinus larvae (ZVI) were reared in four culture systems, two being open (Greenwater – GW and Clearwater – CW) and two being closed (Biofloc – BFT and Bio-filter – RAS), distributed in twelve 10 L plastic containers, filled with 20 ppt brackish water, equipped with constant aeration, and water circulated by air lift and heated with thermostat (∼30 °C). The GW treatment was maintained with Chlorophyceae algae in the density of 3–5 × 105 cells/mL. In the CW, the water was previously filtered through a 5 μm mesh screen, sterilized with 10 ppm active chlorine and, dechlorinated with vitamin C and subjected to aeration for 24 h. The BFT received water rich in bioflocs that was matured prior to the experiment and used molasses as a source of organic carbon. In the RAS, the culture water circulated through an external “Dry-Wet” biological filter. The feeding was carried out ad libitum four times daily, alternating a wet diet formula with a commercial diet, which was supplemented with newly hatched Artemia nauplii at a rate of 40–50 per larvae/day. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were monitored daily and the salinity two times per week. Total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, alkalinity, total suspended solids, chlorophyll-a, COD and BOD were also analyzed. The best water quality (P < 0.05) was obtained in the RAS, with 0.49 (±0.38), 0.23 (±0.22), and 9.0 (±1.5) mg/L of TAN, NO2-N and NO3-N, respectively. In the GW, the nitrogen species showed high fluctuations and higher concentrations at 2.32 (±1.68), 3.53 (±3.53) and 18.2 (±12.9) mg / L of TAN, NO2-N and NO3-N, respectively. Considering the three phases (ZVI – PL), the overall survival was 0.03, 1.97, 2.23 and 17.32 % for the BFT, CW, GW and RAS, respectively. When considering the phases separately, the survival in Phase I (ZVI – VIII) was highest in the GW system at 58.7 % while the RAS was the highest in Phases II (ZVIII – X) and III (ZX – PL) at 70.6 % and 60.3 %, respectively. The BFT showed 8.4 (±3.5) PL/L, which was higher (P < 0.05) than that obtained in the RAS (2.8 ± 1.2 PL/L) and the GW (1.3 ± 1.1 PL/L) and similar to that obtained in the CW (5.6 ± 2.0 PL/L). Thus, the larviculture for the M. carcinus may be optimized by adopting a multiphase management strategy, which the intermediate larval stages (ZVI – IX) are reared in the GW system and the final stages (ZX – PL) are reared in the BFT system.  相似文献   
2.
Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) represent advanced, bio-rational insecticides. This Special Issue reflects progress in IGR development that has been enabled by insight into the molecular principles of biosynthetic or hormone signaling pathways. The unifying principle is aiming at processes and molecular targets that are unique to arthropods and ideally to narrower insect taxa representing pests or disease vectors. While some strategies of obtaining the desired compounds for chemical intervention rely on rational, structure-based design or computational power, others exploit technologies allowing automated, high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries. All avenues leading to selective and environmentally safe pest control are valid as we face the imminent threat of the declining world insect population.  相似文献   
3.
王涛  李琪 《水产学报》2018,42(11):1729-1736
为了得到壳型规则、大小均一的单体牡蛎,本研究采用肾上腺素对岩牡蛎单体苗种生产的诱导条件进行研究,阐明了岩牡蛎单体苗种的最适诱导浓度、诱导时间和诱导密度。结果显示,肾上腺素能显著诱导岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态,最适诱导浓度为5×10–5 mol/L,最适诱导时间为1 h,提高诱导浓度和延长诱导时间导致岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态率、稚贝壳高和存活率显著降低;肾上腺素对低于8个/mL幼虫密度的诱导效果差异不显著,但稚贝壳高和存活率在8个/mL的培育密度下显著低于0.5~4个/mL,研究表明利用肾上腺素诱导岩牡蛎单体时,可大批量处理眼点幼虫,但稚贝充气培养的最适培养密度应不高于4个/mL。  相似文献   
4.
研究以斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)转录组获得的几丁质酶基因(Pm Chi)片段,运用RACE技术克隆了PmChi基因c DNA全长,命名为PmChi-2。PmChi-2基因c DNA全长2 050 bp,其中5'-非编码区(5'-UTR)144 bp、3'-UTR 319 bp和开放阅读框(ORF)1 587 bp,编码528个氨基酸。生物信息学分析显示,PmChi-2与其他甲壳动物Chi-2的相似性为78%~97%。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PmChi-2在蜕皮前期(D期)表皮中表达水平最高,在胃、鳃、腹神经节和眼柄中表达水平依次降低,在其他组织(肝胰腺、肠、肌肉、心脏)中几乎不表达。不同蜕皮阶段,PmChi-2在鳃、胃和表皮3种组织中的表达变化模式基本一致,均在蜕皮期(E期)表达量最低,而最高表达量在鳃中出现在蜕皮后期(A期),在胃和表皮中为D期。幼体不同发育阶段分析揭示PmChi-2 mRNA在幼体发育阶段的无节幼体到糠虾幼体第二期表达量维持在一个低水平,在糠虾幼体第三期PmChi-2 mRNA表达水平显著升高,在仔虾期又显著下降,推测PmChi-2 mRNA可能与斑节对虾幼体发育密切相关。研究结果表明PmChi-2基因可能在斑节对虾蜕皮以及幼体的变态发育中发挥重要作用,为深入研究斑节对虾几丁质酶发育调控提供了重要信息。  相似文献   
5.
6.
The development of sustainable methods for sea urchin juvenile production is currently constrained by high mortality rates during larval growth and the high costs of larval rearing systems management. With the aim of developing a method for the production of juveniles of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in a medium‐scale recirculating system, the present study focused on the effects of high stocking densities on larval growth. Plutei larvae were reared at three different densities (up to 7 ind/ml) in a semi‐static culture system. Larval survival and metamorphosis success were evaluated in order to identify the most effective density range. The highest metamorphosis rates (80%–95%) were obtained at 4 and 7 larvae/ml. These results are comparable with (and in some cases higher than) those reported for the same species at much lower larval densities. In conclusion, the rearing conditions tested here show for the first time that a significantly higher (4 ind/ml) stocking density than those of traditional P. lividus rearing methods (based on large volumes and low densities) can be adopted, thus supporting the feasibility of an increase in the final output of competent larvae with no increase in rearing volumes.  相似文献   
7.
This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against the parasitic nematode of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and/or dichloromethane) of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf were tested in vitro on four developmental stages of H. contortus using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA), L3 migration inhibition assay (LMI) and adult worm motility assay (AWM). The highly significant (P < 0.0001) ability to stop larval development (inhibition >67% for each extract) and the negative effect of the dichloromethane extract of leaf on adult worm motility (43% of inhibition of motility after 24 h of incubation) compared to the negative controls, suggest anthelmintic properties of Musa x paradisiaca stem and leaf against H. contortus. The active principles responsible for the activity could be secondary metabolites such as terpenoid and flavonoid compounds present in the leaf and stem of the plant.  相似文献   
8.
研究了不同孵化温度(16℃、18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃、28℃和30℃)对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)胚胎发育的影响,记录并分析不同温度处理组受精12h后的胚胎发育时期、受精卵的孵化周期、孵化率和初孵仔鱼的畸形率,并对初孵仔鱼进行不同温度下的饥饿耐受性实验,测定其每天的存活率和生存活力指数(Survival activity index,SAI).结果显示,当温度在18-28℃范围内时,胚胎均可孵化出仔鱼,且孵化时间随温度的升高而缩短,孵化时间y与温度x呈极显著的负相关关系,y=12139x-1869,R2=0.993(P<0.01).22℃时受精卵孵化率最高,为71.01%,该温度下对应最低畸形率(9.70%),其次为24℃时,受精卵孵化率为65.37%,畸形率为13.07%;温度低于22℃时,孵化率逐渐降低,18℃时的孵化率为24.39%;温度高于22℃时,孵化率亦明显降低,28℃孵化率最低,为16.11%,而畸形率的变化趋势与孵化率相反.温度为16℃时,受精卵发育至高囊胚期后不再继续发育;温度为30℃时,胚胎停止于胚体形成期.仔鱼的SAI值随着温度的升高先升高后降低,在20℃时,SAI值最高(25.97),仔鱼的半数死亡时间最长为7 d;22℃时,SAI值有所降低(22.38),仔鱼在该温度下半数死亡时间为6d.分析结果可知,云纹石斑鱼受精卵培育的最适温度为22-24℃,仔鱼孵化的最适温度为20-22℃.  相似文献   
9.
Blending Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn and non-Bt corn seeds in the same bag is a convenient and easier compliance solution to satisfy refuge regulations. However, there has been considerable debate and concern about larval movement of the target insects in a seed blend because of its potential effect on the development of resistance. Reported here are studies to determine the larval movement of European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in a seed blend compared to a structured refuge and their effects on survival, feeding injury and larval fitness. Also evaluated is the relative performance of a purple-seeded corn hybrid as a surrogate host plant for tracking gene flow. Seed blend and structured refuge arrangements of Agrisure GT/CB/LL Bt corn expressing Cry1Ab and isoline plants were evaluated at two locations in 2013 and 2014 by manually infesting refuge plants with first and second generation corn borer larvae. The majority of leaf and stalk injury was recorded on the refuge plant, which amounted to 66–83% of the total tunnel length. In both refuge arrangements, plant injury and the number of larvae recovered significantly decreased on neighboring plants with increasing distance away from the refuge plant in the same row. The relative decline in injury was much more pronounced in the seed blend, with neighbor Bt plants experiencing very minor tunneling or no injury at all due to the high dose trait. Eighty-nine percent fewer live larvae were also found on neighbor Bt plants in the seed blend compared to those found in the structured refuge plots. Larvae that moved to Bt plants as well as older instars that were manually placed on Bt plants failed to complete development. Comparison of the number of tunnels and larvae recovered per refuge plant indicated that the seed blend may not produce as many susceptible individuals as those produced in a structured refuge arrangement. Although the purple-seeded hybrid showed lower levels of ear and stalk injury, it could serve as an appropriate surrogate refuge plant to track gene flow.  相似文献   
10.
Metamorphic responses of pediveliger larvae of Mytilus galloprovincialis to different ions were investigated through a series of bioassays. Effects of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) on inductive effects of these above ions were also investigated. Excess ions including Li+, Cs+, Rb+ and Ca2+ induced larval metamorphosis at 10?3 M to 5 × 10?2 M in 24‐h exposure assays. In continuous exposure assays, only excess Ca2+ showed inductive activity and induced 25% metamorphosis at 5 × 10?2 M. Larval responses to Li+ and Rb+were inhibited by TEA, while induction of metamorphosis by Cs+and Ca2+ was independent of the presence of TEA. Thus, these ions used can be useful inducers of larval metamorphosis for application in the aquaculture industry. The finding provides new insights on the biochemical mechanism controlling larval metamorphosis in this species.  相似文献   
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