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研究了银鲳(Papus argenteus)肝及卵巢组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及丙二醛(MDA)含量在整个卵黄发生过程中的变化情况,并分析了饲料n-3 LC-PUFA对卵黄发生期间组织中抗氧化水平的影响。分别以100%鱼油(FO组)、70%鱼油和30%大豆油(FSO组)、30%鱼油和70%大豆油(SFO组)、100%大豆油(SO组)为脂肪源,配制了4组等氮、等能及等脂的试验饲料。以1年龄雌性银鲳为试验对象,每组饲料设3重复,试验周期185 d。研究结果表明,肝与卵巢组织SOD、CAT活性、T-AOC水平及MDA含量在卵黄发生过程中均呈现逐渐升高的趋势,且卵黄发生后期各指标水平均显著高于卵黄发生前期(P0.05)。肝SOD(除SO饲料组外)、CAT活性、T-AOC水平及MDA含量在卵黄发生中期与前期之间未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),而卵黄发生中期FO与FSO饲料组卵巢SOD、CAT活性及T-AOC水平则均显著高于卵黄发生前期(P0.05)。FSO饲料组肝与卵巢SOD、CAT活性在卵黄发生过程中均为最高值,且在卵黄发生中、后期均显著高于SO饲料组(P0.05),但与FO饲料组无显著性差异(P0.05)。各饲料组间肝与卵巢T-AOC水平在卵黄发生前期均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05),而在卵黄发生后期,FO与FSO饲料组肝与卵巢T-AOC水平均显著高于SO饲料组(P0.05),但FO与FSO饲料组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。肝与卵巢中MDA含量随着饲料n-3 LC-PUFA含量的升高而呈现出升高趋势,且这种升高趋势在肝组织中表现更为明显,卵巢组织MDA含量在卵黄发生中、后期仅FO饲料组表现出显著性升高趋势(P0.05),其他各饲料组在卵黄发生各期均未表现出显著性差异(P0.05)。统计分析表明,银鲳卵黄发生过程中组织中抗氧化水平逐渐升高,适宜的饲料n-3 LC-PUFA含量(4.01%,FSO饲料组)可明显改善银鲳卵黄发生中期与后期组织中的抗氧化水平。双因素方差分析结果表明,试验饲料与卵黄发生时期对银鲳组织抗氧化水平均具有极显著性影响(P0.01),且两者对肝T-AOC水平与MDA含量存在显著性的交互作用(P0.05)。  相似文献   
2.
本研究克隆获得银鲳(Pampus argenteus)雌激素受体α(estrogen receptorα,ERα)基因的部分c DNA序列,长度196 bp,编码65个氨基酸。经BLAST比对,与其它鱼类ERα基因序列的一致性在89%~93%之间,证明实验所得序列为银鲳ERα基因的部分片段。以1年龄雌性银鲳为实验对象,配制了4组等氮、等能及等脂的实验饲料,分别以100%鱼油(FO组)、70%鱼油和30%大豆油(FSO组)、30%鱼油和70%大豆油(SFO组)、100%大豆油(SO组)为脂肪源,研究银鲳在卵黄发生期间组织中ERα基因表达量的变化以及饲料n-3LC-PUFA对其组织表达的影响,实验周期185 d。结果表明,在卵黄发生中期与后期,肝脏与卵巢中ERα基因表达量均显著高于卵黄发生前期(P0.05);卵黄发生后期肝脏组织中ERα基因表达量虽较卵黄发生中期呈升高趋势,但除了SO组之外,两者之间无显著性差异(P0.05);而卵巢组织中ERα基因表达量在整个卵黄发生期间均呈现显著升高趋势(P0.05)。饲料n-3LC-PUFA对肝脏与卵巢ERα基因表达量的影响在卵黄发生前期均未表现出明显的组间差异,但在卵黄发生中期与后期,饲料中较高的n-3LC-PUFA含量显著提高了组织中ERα基因表达量。在卵黄发生中期与后期,FO与FSO组肝脏与卵巢组织中ERα基因表达量均分别显著高于SO组(P0.05)。双因素方差分析结果表明,饲料n-3LC-PUFA与卵黄发生时期对银鲳组织中ERα基因表达量均具有显著性影响,且两者对组织中ERα基因表达量存在显著性的交互作用。  相似文献   
3.
This study evaluated the effect of feed supplementation with chia and canola oils as a substitute for soybean oil on the composition of Nile tilapia muscle tissue using chemometrics. Diets were supplemented with 2.1% of each oil and were provided to fish for 15 and 30 days. Compared to soybean oil, supplementation with canola and chia oils significantly increased (P < 0.05) the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) in Nile tilapia fillet. At 30 days, DHA content increased 97% in Nile tilapia fed chia oil and 91% in treatment with canola oil. The highest EPA content correlated to treatment with chia oil (7.33 mg 100 g?1). The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) precursors, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, were observed to increase according to treatment type and feed supplementation duration. The principal component analysis resulted in a two-principal-component model that described 92.07% of the total data variance. Also, it highlighted that the replacement of soybean oil with canola and chia oils in Nile tilapia diets contributed to increasing the n-3 LC-PUFA concentration in Nile tilapia fillets, improving its nutritional value.  相似文献   
4.
Fish vary in their ability to biosynthesise long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) depending upon the complement and function of key enzymes commonly known as fatty acyl desaturases and elongases. It has been reported in Solea senegalensis the existence of a Δ4 desaturase, enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which can be modulated by the diet. The present study aims to evaluate the combined effects of the partial replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils and reduced environmental salinity in the fatty acid composition of relevant body compartments (muscle, hepatocytes and enterocytes), the enzymatic activity over α-linolenic acid (ALA) to form n-3 LC-PUFA through the incubation of isolated hepatocytes and enterocytes with [1-14C] 18:3 n-3, and the regulation of the S. senegalensis fads2 and elovl5 in the liver and intestine. The presence of radiolabelled products, including 18:4n-3, 20:4n-3 and EPA, provided compelling evidence that a complete pathway enabling the biosynthesis of EPA from ALA, establishing S. senegalensis, has at least one Fads2 with ∆6 activity. Dietary composition prevailed over salinity in regulating the expression of fads2, while salinity did so over dietary composition for elovl5. FO replacement enhanced the proportion of DHA in S. senegalensis muscle and the combination with 20 ppt salinity increased the amount of n-3 LC-PUFA in hepatocytes.  相似文献   
5.
为探讨饲料中不同n-3/n-6长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LC-PUFA)对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长性能及饲料利用、体组成和消化酶的影响,配制了6种不同n-3/n-6 LC-PUFA比值(29.54,D1组;23.04,D2组;18.97,D3组;9.06,D4组;6.86,D5组;3.87,D6组)的实验饲料。以大菱鲆幼鱼[(12.18?0.01)g]为研究对象,在循环水养殖系统中开展了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示,n-3/n-6 LC-PUFA对大菱鲆幼鱼的成活率(SR)无显著影响(P0.05);增重率(WGR)随着n-3/n-6 LC-PUFA的降低呈先上升后下降趋势,D6组显著低于其他各组(P0.05);脂肪沉积率随着饲料中n-3/n-6 LC-PUFA的降低呈下降趋势,且D6组达到最小值,为14.80,显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。随着饲料中的变化,胰蛋白酶的活性呈先增强后减弱的趋势,且在D4组时达到最大值;脂肪酶活性呈上升趋势。随着饲料中n-3/n-6 LC-PUFA的变化,脂肪酸合成酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,最高值为D4组,显著高于其他各组(P0.05);葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的酶活呈先上升后下降的趋势,D3组为最大值,显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。随着饲料中n-3/n-6 LC-PUFA的降低,谷草转氨酶呈先上升后下降的趋势;总蛋白、白蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均随着饲料n-3/n-6LC-PUFA的变化呈先上升后下降的趋势,均在D5组时达到最大值。研究表明,饲料中n-3/n-6LC-PUFA的比例降低会导致大菱鲆幼鱼的脂肪沉积率降低。  相似文献   
6.
Long-chain (C20–24) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are essential nutrients that are mostly produced in marine ecosystems. Previous studies suggested that gammarids have some capacity to endogenously produce LC-PUFAs. This study aimed to investigate the repertoire and functions of elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (Elovl) proteins in gammarids. Our results show that gammarids have, at least, three distinct elovl genes with putative roles in LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Phylogenetics allowed us to classify two elongases as Elovl4 and Elovl6, as they were bona fide orthologues of vertebrate Elovl4 and Elovl6. Moreover, a third elongase was named as “Elovl1/7-like” since it grouped closely to the Elovl1 and Elovl7 found in vertebrates. Molecular analysis of the deduced protein sequences indicated that the gammarid Elovl4 and Elovl1/7-like were indeed polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) elongases, whereas Elovl6 had molecular features typically found in non-PUFA elongases. This was partly confirmed in the functional assays performed on the marine gammarid Echinogammarus marinus Elovl, which showed that both Elovl4 and Elovl1/7-like elongated PUFA substrates ranging from C18 to C22. E. marinus Elovl6 was only able to elongate C18 PUFA substrates, suggesting that this enzyme does not play major roles in the LC-PUFA biosynthesis of gammarids.  相似文献   
7.
In most microalgal species, triacyglycerols (TAG) contain mostly saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, rather than PUFA, while PUFA-enriched oil is the form most desirable for dietary intake. The ability of some species to produce LC-PUFA-enriched oil is currently of specific interest. In this work, we investigated the role of sodium bicarbonate availability on lipid accumulation and n-3 LC-PUFA partitioning into TAG during batch cultivation of Pavlova lutheri. Maximum growth and nitrate uptake exhibit an optimum concentration and threshold tolerance to bicarbonate addition (~9 mM) above which both parameters decreased. Nonetheless, the transient highest cellular lipid and TAG contents were obtained at 18 mM bicarbonate, immediately after combined alkaline pH stress and nitrate depletion (day nine), while oil body and TAG accumulation were highly repressed with low carbon supply (2 mM). Despite decreases in the proportions of EPA and DHA, maximum volumetric and cellular EPA and DHA contents were obtained at this stage due to accumulation of TAG containing EPA/DHA. TAG accounted for 74% of the total fatty acid per cell, containing 55% and 67% of the overall cellular EPA and DHA contents, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate that inorganic carbon availability and elevated pH represent two limiting factors for lipid and TAG accumulation, as well as n-3 LC-PUFA partitioning into TAG, under nutrient-depleted P. lutheri cultures.  相似文献   
8.
为探讨黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)长链多不饱和脂肪酸(long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids,LC-PUFA)合成代谢与渗透压调节的关系,本研究以鱼油(FO)和混合植物油(苏子油与双低菜籽油,VO)为脂肪源配制两种等氮等脂饲料,投喂饲养在3种盐度(10、20和32)下的黄斑蓝子鱼幼鱼8周后,分析了各处理组幼鱼的生长性能和鳃的磷脂脂肪酸组成、Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA)活力及其基因表达。结果显示,相同盐度下,VO组和FO组鱼的生长性能差异不显著(P0.05);FO组鱼鳃磷脂中的n-3 LC-PUFA含量显著高于VO组(P0.05),但VO组鱼的n-6 LC-PUFA水平显著高于FO组(P0.05);VO组鱼鳃的NKA酶活力及其m RNA表达量都显著高于FO组(P0.05)。不同盐度下,无论VO组还是FO组的鱼,盐度10组鱼的生长性能显著低于盐度20和32组(P0.05),而其鳃的LC-PUFA含量、NKA酶活力及其m RNA表达量都显著高于盐度20和32组(P0.05),各指标在后两个盐度组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,盐度10对黄斑蓝子鱼具有一定的胁迫性,导致其生长性能较差。摄食鱼油脂肪源饲料,可以提高鱼鳃磷脂的n-3 LC-PUFA水平;而摄食植物脂肪源饲料时,鱼体可能通过自身合成的n-6LC-PUFA调控鳃的NKA基因表达及其酶活力以调节渗透压。  相似文献   
9.
银鲳(Pampus argenteus)是沿海重要的经济鱼类,本研究针对养殖银鲳幼鱼进行人工配合饲料研发,降低饲料成本、增强鱼体体质、提高存活率等.通过配制以100%鱼油(FO)、70%鱼油和30%大豆油(FSO)、30%鱼油和70%大豆油(SFO)、100%大豆油(SO)为脂肪源的4组饲料,检测银鲳幼鱼血清溶菌酶(LZM)和组织抗氧化性能的变化情况,以探究饲料大豆油替代鱼油对银鲳幼鱼健康的影响.结果显示,SFO组血清LZM水平最高,SO组最低,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05).FSO和SFO组的肌肉丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于FO和SO组(P<0.05),肝脏MDA含量则是FO和FSO组较高(P<0.05).血清和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力最高的均为SFO组,而SO组活力较低.相对地,肝脏SOD和CAT活力均是FO组最高(P<0.05).肌肉和肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均是FO和FSO组较高,而血清T-AOC是SO组较高.研究表明,豆油替代30%和70%鱼油,对银鲳幼鱼免疫和抗氧化能力都略有促进作用,但完全使用豆油会对机体产生负面影响.  相似文献   
10.
为了探讨饲料LNA/LA比对鲤幼鱼生长性能和LC-PUFA合成代谢的影响,本研究以鱼油和混合植物油(花生油和紫苏籽油)为脂肪源配制5组等氮等脂饲料。对照组(D1)以鱼油为唯一脂肪源,其他5组实验饲料以花生油和紫苏籽油为脂肪源,且LNA/LA比分别为0.02(D2)、0.46(D3)、1.09(D4)和1.53(D5)。8周养殖实验后,分析各处理组鱼体的生长性能指标、肝脏脂肪酸组成,肝脏Δ6 fad-a/b和elovl5-a/b基因表达水平。结果显示,与对照组相比,植物油饲料对鱼体增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料系数(FCR)无显著影响,但显著影响了鱼体肝脏LC-PUFA水平,提高了肝脏Δ6 fad-a和elovl5-a mRNA表达水平。在各植物油组之间,饲料LNA/LA比显著影响了鱼体WGR和SGR指标,其中D2和D4组鱼体生长表现较好;随着饲料中LNA/LA比的升高,鱼体肝脏LC-PUFA水平,以及Δ6 fad-a和elovl5-a mRNA表达水平也随之增加,其中D4组鱼体肝脏Δ6 fad-a和elovl5-a mRNA表达量最高,且其LC-PUFA含量显著高于D2和D3组。由此可见,植物油饲料尽管不影响鲤正常生长,但影响了鱼体肝组织LC-PUFA含量。然而,饲料中添加适宜的LNA/LA比(1.09∶1)可促进鲤肝脏Δ6 fad-a和elovl5-a mRNA的表达,最大限度地提高鱼体内源LC-PUFA合成量,从而有效地降低植物油饲料对鱼体组织LC-PUFA含量的负面影响。  相似文献   
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