Harvesting machine for kelp culture in floating raft

Kelp is not only a kind of food of sea vegetable for human, but also widely used as raw materials in processing food, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In China kelp is generally planted on floating raft by using horizontal kelp rope cultivation method and often harvested manually. Harvesting kelp by hand is a difficult process with low production efficiency and high labor intensity. In this paper, a harvesting machine was developed for floating raft culture of kelp. It consists of mainly two locomotion modules, a collection/transmission module and a power module. The structure and working mechanism of this machine was presented and analyzed in detail. The tests of experiments were conducted as well with the developed machine. The manual harvest efficiency is 16.7%; however the mechanized harvest efficiency average value is 35.8%. The harvest time could be reduced by half if the company takes the same people to work. It is proven that the design of the machine is feasible.     

桑沟湾养殖海带生长的模型预测

海带(Saccharinajaponica)是一种常见的大型经济褐藻,是海洋生态系统重要的初级生产者,也是我国北方沿海主要的养殖藻类。本研究旨在建立海带个体生长数值模型,并以此预测中国北方近海大规模筏式养殖条件下海带的生长情况。本研究以桑沟湾养殖海带为例,利用可视化模型软件STELLA描述海带生长的关键过程及其与环境参数的关系,以净生长量(N_(growth))=总生长量(G_(growth))–呼吸作用(resp)–枯烂(E_(kelp))为基本框架,模拟和预测海带的生物量和叶片长度变化。海带的总生长用光照、温度、盐度、海带体内营养盐(包括N和P)等强制函数定义,其中,光照参数来自桑沟湾气象记录,盐度、温度和营养盐为现场调查实测值。模型模拟桑沟湾养殖海带的长度与干重结果与实测值的拟合度R~2值分别为0.936、0.963,说明该模型能够很好反映海带的真实生长情况。可靠的个体生长模型是评估海带养殖容量的基础,并可为水产养殖区的空间规划提供决策依据。     

Drag force and reconfiguration of cultivated Saccharina latissima in current

The design of aquaculture systems requires an understanding of the drag forces on cultivated kelp. This study measured the drag on line segments of cultivated Saccharina latissima in a towing tank. The drag on segments of farm line with full kelp bundles and with stipes alone (fronds removed) was measured at tow speeds of 0.10 to 0.50 m/s. The drag on individual fronds cut from the line was also measured. Video images were collected to evaluate the plant reconfiguration. Both kelp blades and stipes contributed to the total drag force on the line bundle. Within the velocity range of our experiments, the kelp blades were essentially horizontal. However, the pronation of kelp stipes increased as flow velocity increased. The reconfiguration of kelp stipes was observed to decrease the vertical extent of the kelp bundle. Due to this reconfiguration, the measured force, $F$, increased with velocity, $U$, at a rate slower than quadratic, and was consistent with scaling laws derived for reconfiguration. Specifically, $F\sim U^{\alpha }$ with $\alpha =1.35\pm 0.17$.     

海带粒蜂蜜口服液的研制

以蜂蜜和海带为主要原料开发研制了一款口服液新产品.海带经过浸泡、清洗、切丝、熟化、打浆、打磨、过滤、调pH、酶解、灭酶、调配等工艺处理.通过正交试验得出酶解海带浆的最佳工艺参数为pH4.5、温度50℃、酶用量0.06％、酶解时间2h;通过评价正交试验样品,得出最佳配方为海带粒浆体50％、蜂蜜20％、海藻糖15％、柠檬酸0.2％、β-环糊精0.08％.     

海带脱腥脱色技术研究

[目的]研究海带的脱腥和脱色技术方案。[方法]采用花茶处理海带进行脱腥,并用特制的脱色液对其脱色。[结果]结果表明,花茶用量1.5%,60℃下持续10 min脱腥最佳。25℃条件下,乙酐∶过氧化氢∶冰醋酸∶水(4∶5∶1∶20)脱色液脱色1 h效果较好。[结论]采用花茶脱腥以及过氧化氢处理液脱色可有效地改善海带的风味与色泽,且方法简单可行。     

盐度与pH对云纹石斑鱼胚胎发育和仔鱼活力的影响

为探讨盐度、pH对云纹石斑鱼Epinephelus moara胚胎发育和仔鱼活力的影响,采用单因子实验的方法,在水温22±0．2℃条件下,将受精卵在不同盐度（5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40和45）、不同pH（5．5、6．0、6．5、7．0、7．5、8．0、8．5、9．0和9．5）下孵化,观察比较其孵化率HR、畸形率DR以及对初孵仔鱼活力和仔鱼培育周期的影响。并在上述设定条件下,进行了初孵仔鱼耐受试验,测定其存活率SR及生存活力指数（SAI）。结果表明,云纹石斑鱼胚胎发育的最低和最高临界盐度分别为10和45,最低和最高临界PH分别为6．O和9．5;盐度、PH的适宜范围分别是20～40、6．5～9．0,最适范围分别是30～35、7．5～8．0。仔鱼生存盐度、pH的适宜范围分别是20～35、6．0～9．0,最适范围分别是25～30、7．5～8．0。     

果蔬复合果丹皮的加工工艺研究

[目的]研究海带的脱腥工艺和复合果丹皮的配方。[方法]以海带、苹果、胡萝卜等为主要原料,通过正交试验优选复合果丹皮的最佳工艺配方,并用绿茶进行了海带的脱腥处理试验。[结果]用浓度为1.5%的茉莉花茶60℃处理海带10 min可脱腥。复合果丹皮的最佳配方：苹果浆∶海带浆∶胡萝卜浆为2∶1∶1,加糖量为30.00%,柠檬酸0.90%,海藻酸钠0.10%调配,在60℃下干燥6.0 h。[结论]在最佳工艺条件下,可得色泽、风味、口感较好的果蔬复合果丹皮。     

海带豆腐制作工艺的优化

以大豆和海带为主要原料制作的海带豆腐具有很高的营养价值和医疗保健作用.采用4因素3水平的正交试验确定了海带豆腐的最佳工艺参数.即:海带添加量20%、葡萄糖酸内酯0.30%、凝固时间16min、凝固温度95℃.制作出的海带豆腐呈白色,凝固状态好、保水性好、有弹性、质地细腻,具有纯正的豆香味及海带特有的风味.     

七带石斑鱼和云纹石斑鱼幼鱼在封闭循环水条件下的生长特性

观测研究了七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)幼鱼和云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)幼鱼在封闭式循环养殖系统中的生长特性,用SPSS 17.0软件中的Curve Estimation对相关数据进行模型分析与参数估计。结果表明,经过122 d的养殖,七带石斑鱼幼鱼平均体质量由(114.836±25.343)g增加到(213.861±38.604)g,相对增长率为0.707%,全长(TL)与养殖时间(t)的函数关系式为TL=-0.006t3+1.622t+13.954,体质量(W)与体长(BL)的关系式为W=0.436BL2.055;云纹石斑鱼幼鱼平均体质量由(79.620±13.007)g增加到(238.086±46.307)g,相对增长率为1.631%,全长(TL)与养殖时间(t)的函数关系式为TL=-0.013t2+2.008t+11.540,体质量(W)与体长(BL)的关系式为W=0.018BL3.083。两种幼鱼丰满度生长差异不显著(P0.05),都保持在2.2-3.4之间。     

云纹石斑鱼胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态观察

对云纹石斑鱼Epinephelus moara胚胎发育及仔、稚、幼鱼形态进行了观察与研究,详细描述了各发育期的形态特征和发育时间。结果表明:1)在水温22±0.2℃、盐度30、溶氧7.8mg/L、pH8.25的条件下,云纹石斑鱼的受精卵历时38h 17min开始孵化出膜。胚胎发育可分为受精卵、卵裂、原肠、神经胚和器官形成及出膜6个阶段,受精、胚盘形成、2细胞等28个时期。2)在水温23±1℃,盐度30±3,DO≥5mg/L,pH8.0±0.5的海水中,培育至5d,卵黄囊完全消失,成为后期仔鱼;培育至27d,发育最快的云纹石斑鱼结束仔鱼期,进入稚鱼期;培育至65d,发育最快的稚鱼完成变态,成为幼鱼。胚后发育过程主要是根据卵黄囊、鳍膜、鳞片、体色及第1腹鳍棘与第2背鳍棘相对长度的变化分为仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼3个时期。其中仔鱼期又根据其卵黄囊的有无划分为前期仔鱼和后期仔鱼。