花生荚壳抗黄曲霉菌侵染的鉴定方法研究及抗性种质发掘

        黄曲霉毒素污染是影响花生食用安全性和制约产业发展的重要因素。荚壳是花生抵御黄曲霉菌侵染的第一道防线，为建立花生荚壳抗黄曲霉侵染的鉴定方法，本研究利用强侵染黄曲霉菌AF2202接种花生荚果，通过对不同接种菌浓度和培养时间的比较分析，发现接种浓度为2 ×106孢子/mL、培养7d的组合方案可以有效区分花生荚壳对黄曲霉菌侵染的抗性。利用所建立的鉴定方法对276份遗传变异丰富的花生核心种质材料进行接种鉴定，进一步证明了这一方法鉴定花生荚壳抗性的有效性和实用性，初步发掘出2份具有荚壳抗性的特异花生种质。     

Light and scanning electron microscopy studies on the infection process of melon leaves by Colletotrichum lagenarium

Colletotrichum lagenarium is the casual agent of anthracnose disease of melons. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the infection process of C. lagenarium on the leaves of two melon cultivars differing in susceptibility. On both cultivars conidia began germinating 12 h after inoculation (hai), forming appressoria directly or at the tips of germ-tubes. By 48 hai appressoria had melanised and direct penetration of host tissue had begun. On the susceptible cultivar, infection vesicles formed within 72 hai and developed thick, knotted primary hyphae within epidermal cells. By 96 hai C. lagenarium produced highly branched secondary hyphae that invaded underlying mesophyll cells. After 96 hai, light brown lesions appeared on the leaves, coincident with cell necrosis and invasion by secondary hyphae. While appressoria formed more quickly on the resistant cultivar, fewer germinated to develop biotrophic primary or invasive necrotrophic secondary hyphae than on the susceptible cultivar. These results confirm that C. lagenarium is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and that resistance in melons restricts colonisation by inhibiting the development of necrotrophic secondary hyphae.     

Overproduction of reactive oxygen species involved in the pathogenicity of Fusarium in potato tubers

Differences in virulence between Fusarium sulphureum and Fusarium sambucinum were compared. Changes in reactive oxygen species production and metabolism in inoculated slices of potato tubers were also compared. The result showed that Fusarium infection induced significant production of ROS, lipid peroxidation and loss of cell membrane integrity, but low activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Compared to F. sambucinum, F. sulphureum led larger lesion diameters on potato tubers and slices. It resulted in more superoxide anion ($O_2^{-}$) and earlier peak of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), but lower activity of catalase (CAT) and APX, and accompanied with higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lower cell membrane integrity. These findings suggested that overproduction of ROS involved in the pathogenicity of Fusarium in potato tubers.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒研究进展

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（BHV-1）是世界范围内引起牛传染病的一种主要病原。概述了BHV-1的危害,BHV-1的分子生物学特征和病毒侵染细胞的过程,以及BHV-1疾病的诊断与防治措施,为认识和研究该病毒提供一定的理论参考。     

南方根结线虫对不同寄主植物侵染能力的比较

[目的]筛选南方根结线虫的易感寄主。[方法]通过接种试验比较了南方根结线虫对5种寄主植物（黄瓜、番茄、茄子、菠菜及辣椒）的侵染能力。[结果]南方根结线虫对不同寄主植物的侵染能力存在显著差异。黄瓜和番茄的根结百分率显著高于菠菜、茄子和辣椒,黄瓜和番茄根际土壤中2龄幼虫数、雌成虫数及卵块数都显著高于菠菜、茄子和辣椒。[结论]南方根结线虫对黄瓜和番茄的侵染能力显著强于菠菜、茄子和辣椒,为南方根结线虫的易感寄主植物。     

Fusarium mangiferae对杧果酚类代谢的影响

为探讨杧果感染畸形病过程中顶芽内酚类代谢的变化规律,以凯特杧为试验材料,测定了接种病菌(Fusarium mangiferae)后顶芽内总酚、类黄酮含量及酚类代谢相关酶(POD、PPO和PAL)活性的变化趋势。结果表明,接种病菌后杧果顶芽内总酚、类黄酮含量出现先上升后下降的变化趋势,其峰值分别出现在接种病菌45 d和30 d,酚类代谢相关酶中PAL活性变化与总酚含量变化趋势相同,POD和PPO活性在接种病菌后直线上升。F.mangiferae侵染对杧果酚类代谢产生显著影响,可干扰杧果顶芽内总酚、类黄酮的含量变化,影响其相关酶活性,降低杧果对病菌的抵抗能力。杧果酚代谢紊乱失衡可能是病菌的重要致病机理之一。     

海南省冬季蔬菜病毒病发生情况调查

病毒病是海南冬季蔬菜生产上的一类重要病害,发生为害日趋严重。通过对海南17个市县88个乡镇冬季蔬菜病毒病发生情况调查,同时采用ELISA或PCR方法对田间采集的1 385份样本进行病毒检测,结果表明:病毒病发生严重程度依次为黄瓜辣椒小白菜南瓜樱桃番茄菜豆豇豆。150份黄瓜样本中,CMV、CGMMV和TMV检出率分别为63.3%、22.67%和21.33%;180份南瓜样本中,CMV、TMV和CGMMV检出率分别为53.89%、5%和1.12%;220份辣椒样本中,CMV、TMV和TSWV检出率分别为49.1%、41.4%和1.53%;170份樱桃番茄样本中,TMV、CMV、BBWV和粉虱传双生病毒检出率分别为40%、34.7%、1.18%和3.53%;350份小白菜样本中,Tu MV和CMV检出率分别为49.1%和20.9%;130份菜豆样本中,CMV和BBWV检出率分别为30%和12.3%;195份豇豆样本中,CMV和BBWV检出率分别为9.2%和2.6%。CMV可以侵染已检测的4个科的所有蔬菜种类,检出率在9.23%~63.33%。已检测的所有蔬菜种类中,均存在2种或2种以上病毒的混合侵染,混合侵染率在0.56%~26.36%。     

茶树炭疽病的研究进展

茶树炭疽病是茶树主要叶部病害之一,特别是南方湿度大、高山云雾多的茶园发生尤为严重。本文介绍了茶树炭疽病的症状、发病规律、发生分布情况与病原种类、病原菌鉴定技术、发病及危害和防治措施等方面的研究进展,结合理论研究与实际应用,为炭疽病的抗性茶树品种选育及病害防治提供参考。