仙客来播种育苗试验

将仙客来种子用高锰酸钾质量分数1000×10 6液浸泡26h左右,进行种皮软化和消毒处理,然后播种在泥炭基质内,深度为(0 6±0 1)cm。在无光条件下保持温度(20±5)℃,湿度90%左右,在50～60d后即可发芽。发芽后应注意增加光照和施肥,也可以用稀释的肥料代替喷水,成苗率达89 9%。     

Influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane emissions from a straw-amended paddy soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane (CH₄) emissions from a paddy soil where rice straw was incorporated or was surface-applied. During the cultivation, half of the pots were covered with aluminum foil, except for the minimum space for rice plants, to prevent ambient light reaching the floodwater or the soil surface. Growth of oxygen-producing phototrophs was hardly observed in the unilluminated plots, whereas intensive growth of algae, duckweed and hydrophytes was found in the illuminated ones. Plant growth was not affected by the different treatments. Seasonal changes in CH₄ emission determined by a closed chamber method indicated that illumination had no or only minor effects on CH₄ emissions when rice straw was incorporated or was not applied, but significantly reduced CH₄ emissions when rice straw was surface-applied. Methanogenesis occurring in the soil-floodwater interface was further investigated in two lab-scale model experiments measuring methanogenic activity. As a result, more activated methanogenesis was found in the surface-applied rice straw and the soil around the straw compared with the soil incubated without rice straw. The magnitude of the methanogenic activity in the rice straw incubated under illuminated conditions was significantly lower than that incubated in the dark. Consequently, this study demonstrates that methanogenesis in paddy soil occurs even in the soil-floodwater interface if plant residues like rice straw exist, and such methanogenesis is likely to be suppressed by growth of indigenous phototrophs under illumination.     

日光温室内反光膜补光的实践与理论探析

试验结果表明 ,温室后墙悬挂反光膜进行补光后 ,对温室内测定点处最大光照度值无影响 ,但平均提高测定点处水平光照度值 15 4 8% ;温室内凌晨时气温、地温、墙温和被反光膜遮掩处墙温分别比对照温室低 1 1℃、1 5℃、0 9℃和 1 8℃ ,但正午时分别比对照温室高 1 6℃、1 4℃、0 3℃和低 11 4℃。温室经济产量增加 7 4 % ,当期经济效益增加 2 1元 /m2 。     

半导体发光二极管(LED)的应用及发展前途

半导体二极管(LED)是应用最为广泛的电子元件之一,本文介绍了半导体二极管(LED)的发光原理、特性、分类、检测、应用及发展前景。     

《画法几何》、《工程制图》课程中的启发式教学法的研讨

本文介绍画法几何、工程制图时采用审题后将难题分解成相关与本题解题有关的小题,并采用提问及启发方法,将思路归纳到本题,随后解题.解题后可以根据本题意给予展开成相应的题目再深入讨论.     

环境因素对淡水浮丝藻生长及产生嗅味的影响

浮丝藻(Planktothrix) 是一种在我国水域中普遍存在, 可以引起蓝藻水华的水华藻之一,其代谢生成的二-甲基异莰醇 (2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB) 可导致水体产生令人厌恶的嗅和味,从而使饮用水感官质量下降。本文探讨了温度 (15-30℃),BG11营养盐浓度 (20-100% (w/v))和光照强度 (1000-4000 Lux)对分离于巢湖的浮丝藻(Planktothrix sp.) FACHB-1372生长密度,总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量的影响。研究结果表明在所述实验条件范围内,温度对浮丝藻生长密度,总2-MIB生成量及胞外2-MIB分泌量影响最显著。25 ℃是浮丝藻最适宜的生长温度,最高细胞密度可达6.04×10_⁵ cell?ml_^-1,30 ℃是其最适宜的产2-MIB温度,总2-MIB生成量和胞外2-MIB分泌量最高分别可达3.64×10_³ ng?L_^-1和2.78×10_³ ng?L_^-1；其次为营养盐浓度,增大BG-11营养盐浓度,浮丝藻生长密度和总2-MIB生成量会随之增加,但实验发现低浓度营养盐时,胞外2-MIB分泌量所占比例较高,表明低浓度营养盐更有利于浮丝藻进行胞外2-MIB分泌；光照对浮丝藻生长及产嗅味物质影响较小,强光照可促进2-MIB胞外释放,4000 Lux时其胞外2-MIB分泌量达最高。最后,依据实验结果为控制和预警浮丝藻过渡繁殖和嗅味物质释放提出了应对方法。     

黄土高原15种植物种子发芽的比较研究

[目的]为黄土高原植被的恢复建设提供科学依据。[方法]采用三因子两水平设计,比较研究了黄土高原15种常见植物种子在冷湿层化、光照和温度变幅及其交互作用下的萌发特性。[结果]冷湿层化、光照分别对7、10种植物的萌发率有显著的影响。温度变幅对8种植物的萌发率有显著影响,且高温变幅时植物有更高的萌发率。冷湿层化、光照和高温变幅交互作用时能提高狗尾草、冰草和醉马草的萌发率。冷湿层化、光照和温度变幅对芨芨草、打碗花和披针叶黄华的萌发率没有显著影响。[结论]冷湿层化、光照及温度变幅能够影响黄土高原植物种子的萌发率。     

Effects of illumination on early life development and digestive enzyme activities in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus L. larvae

The activities of main digestive enzyme (proteases, amylase and lipase) and animal husbandry (mainly growth and survival) were studied in common pandora Pagellus erythrinus larvae until 30 days after hatching (DAH). Three different illumination levels (10, 30 and 100 lx) were compared in triplicate and green water technique was carried out. At the end of the experiment, illumination did not affect neither survival nor growth except 10 lx treatment. Similarly, specific growth rate (SGR) was different in 10 lx treatment (p < 0.05), although no differences were found in group 30 and 100 lx treatments (p > 0.05). In all groups, trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activities were firstly detected on day 3 related with mouth opening and slightly increased until 20 and 25 DAH respectively, and after this date specific activities of those decreased. Although, there was a significant difference between 10 lx treatment and other experimental groups (p < 0.05), no differences were found in other treatments (p > 0.05). Pepsin was firstly detected on day 25 related with stomach formation and sharp increase was observed until 30 DAH and then slight decrease was measured from this date and no differences were found between all groups. Amylase was firstly determined on day 2 and increased to day 5. After this date, slight decreases were measured in all groups and continued until end of experiments. The highest specific activity of amylase was determined in 30 lx treatment and no significant differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). Lipase was firstly detected on day 4 and increased to day 10. Then, activity of lipase decreased until day 15 and increased again until 25 DAH. Slight decreases were found in all groups until day 30 and continued to end of experiments. No significant differences were detected among groups (p > 0.05).

Finally, the significant improvement in survival, larval development and specific enzyme activities of larvae were determined in 30 lx treated group. It is thought that this phenomenon is related to optimal keeping conditions provided by the medium illumination level for Pagellus erythrinus larvae.     

双膜双被装配式日光温室在郑州地区的小气候测试

2020年11月1日-2021年2月28日,在河南郑州地区对冬春季双膜双被装配式日光温室内外温度、光照和湿度小气候进行测定,以探明其温光性能。在温室内外分别布置环境自动记录仪,每台记录仪均连接温湿度传感器和光照传感器,实现数据的自动监测与传输。结果表明：观测期内,温室内旬平均气温为11.4～21.4℃,旬平均最低气温为9.4～16.7℃;温室内0.1m深处旬平均土壤温度为15.4～22.9℃,旬平均最低土壤温度为15.0～22.1℃,温室内外最大气温差和土温差分别为17.0℃和15.6℃。全年最冷时段（1月上旬）温室外旬平均最低气温为−7.9℃,0.1m处土壤温度旬平均最低值为2.2℃,而此时段温室内旬平均最低气温和0.1m处土壤温度旬平均最低值分别达到9.9℃和15.8℃。11月−翌年2月,温室内光照度逐渐增大,晴天光照度在2000～22000lx,11月、12月、1月和2月晴天日平均透光率分别为42%、52%、49%和45%,12月透光率最高,不同月份透光率存在明显差异;阴天温室光照度在300～4000lx,各月阴天日平均透光率分别为34%、35%、36%和33%,透光率差异不明显。11月下旬−1月下旬,温室内夜间湿度为95.4%～99.0%,夜间叶片沾湿时长占比为89.1%～99.5%,温室内湿度大。观测结果说明双膜双被结构日光温室在黄淮地区冬春季具有较好的保温性能,有利于进行喜温果菜类的越冬生产,具有一定的推广应用价值,但是存在温室透光率偏低、光照弱等问题。     

不同培养条件对环草石斛愈伤组织中次生代谢产物的影响

[目的]探索环草石斛生长与其主要的次生代谢产物——石斛碱和石斛多糖积累之间的关系。[方法]用苯酚-浓硫酸法和溴甲酚绿酸性染料比色法测定了不同培养条件对环草石斛愈伤组织中的多糖和总生物碱含量的影响。[结果]环草石斛悬浮培养的愈伤组织生长曲线呈"S"型。在光照条件下,环草石斛悬浮培养的愈伤组织中总生物碱和多糖含量的积累与其生长基本同步,光照有利于悬浮培养愈伤组织的生长和多糖的积累;在暗培养条件下,愈伤组织生长缓慢,多糖的积累不与其生长同步,但暗培养却可以提高愈伤组织中总生物碱的含量。[结论]环草石斛生长与其主要的次生代谢产物——总生物碱和石斛多糖积累之间有着密切的关系,不同培养条件对环草石斛中次生代谢产物具有一定的影响。