暗纹东方鲀冻藏品质劣化的原因解析

通过比较冰晶、内源蛋白酶以及氧化对冻藏暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)品质的影响，确定冻藏暗纹东方鲀品质劣化的关键因素。实验通过液氮浸渍快速冻结抑制鱼肉组织中冰晶增长、碘乙酸浸泡前处理抑制鱼肉内源蛋白酶活性、复合抗氧化剂浸泡前处理抑制蛋白/脂质氧化作用的设计，区分冰晶、内源蛋白酶和氧化3种因素对冻藏鱼肉品质的影响；并以硬度、解冻流失率、蒸煮损失率、挥发性盐基氮含量、K值、Ca2+-ATPase活性、肌原纤维小片化指数和肌纤维长度作为鱼肉品质的评价指标。结果显示，冻结过程中控制冰晶增长对暗纹东方鲀冻藏品质的改善作用最大，冻藏24周后，速冻组的硬度比内源蛋白酶抑制组和氧化抑制组分别提高了26.8%和20.5%，解冻流失率分别降低了44.2%和44.8%，且该处理组TVB-N、K值和Ca2+-ATPase活性变化更慢，24周后分别为10.5 mg/100 g、6.8%和1.43 μmol Pi/mg/10 min。综合各项指标发现，冰晶、内源蛋白酶和氧化对冻藏暗纹东方鲀品质劣化均有影响；其中，冰晶作用是导致暗纹东方鲀在冻藏过程中品质下降的最主要影响因素，内源蛋白酶和氧化对冻藏暗纹东方鲀品质的影响次之，且二者对品质影响无显著性差异。     

Geomorphological significance of lichen colonization in a present snow hollow: Hoya del Cuchillar de las Navajas, Sierra de Gredos (Spain)

This paper discusses the results of a lichenometrical and geomorphological study of one of the few remaining active snow hollows in the central region of the Iberian Peninsula. The study area, located on a glacial shoulder, is called Hoya del Cuchillar de las Navajas. A protalus rampart occurs at the base of the hollow. Our studies, conducted between 1992 and 1998, were designed to determine the geomorphological characteristics of Hoya, the mobility of the deposits, and the characteristics of the snow cover. These data formed the basis for a study of the lichen colonization on the blocks and on the wall surrounding the snow hollow. All of the lichen species found were analyzed according to their abundance, distribution and the extent of their surface cover. Measurements of the diameter of the thalli of the species Rhizocarpon geographicum were also obtained. Thalli of this species were found to require a mean snow-free growing season of at least 95 days (13.5 weeks) per year. Maximum mean thallus diameters indicate that the protalus rampart was formed during the Little Ice Age and became inactive 130 years ago.     

Mechanism and Progress About Protein Crystal Growth by Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) plays a very important role in researching crystal growth mechanism, especially protein crystals. The principle of AFM for protein crystal examination is briefly described as well as the importance of research on protein crystal growth, known growth mechanisms including 2-D steps nucleation, spiral dislocation, normal growth, 3-D nucleation and anisotropic development, and latest progress about eucommia antifungal protein(EAFP) and Trichosanthin(TCS) protein crystal growth mechanism, respectively. Finally, protein growth under microgravity environment is also expounded here and their development tendency and practical prospect.     

冰核活性细菌对黄粉虫幼虫耐寒性的影响

采用水浴和喂食两种接种方法,研究了冰核活性细菌(INA细菌)分别在不同接种浓度下对储粮害虫黄粉虫幼虫体内物质及耐寒性的影响。结果表明,分别用水浴法和喂食法接种不同浓度的INA细菌菌株S2和S24后,黄粉虫幼虫的耐寒性均显著降低,其体内脂肪、糖原和血糖含量也显著或极显著降低。同时,INA细菌水浴法接种的效果优于喂食法;INA细菌高浓度接种效果高于低浓度;菌株间,只有在用浓度为3×108cfu/ml水浴法接种时,菌株S24的效果优于菌株S2。说明利用INA细菌可显著提高储粮害虫黄粉虫越冬期间的死亡率。     

云南诱发霜冻害冰核活性细菌的鉴定

 1990年冬,从云南省宾川、大理、昆明、陆良等地采集受霜冻危害小麦、蚕豆、蕃茄上的33个标样,分离出12个冰核活性的细菌菌株.鉴定结果是Erwinia herbicola waranaanas及Pseudomonas syrindae.首次证明云南有冰核活性细菌.     

Massive uric acid crystalluria and cylinduria in a dog after l‐asparaginase treatment for lymphoma

A 10‐year‐old golden retriever bitch was treated for diarrhea and vomiting that lasted about 1 month without a specific diagnosis until a hepatic biopsy provided a histopathologic diagnosis of lymphoma. The dog was referred to the Swedish University of Agricultural Science and treated with one dose of l ‐asparaginase. The day after chemotherapy, the urine was dark yellow, very turbid, and had large amounts of small amorphous crystals and many casts made of similar appearing material identified by infrared spectroscopy to be 100% uric acid dihydrate. Serum uric acid was elevated at 224 μmol/L (RI 0‐59). The dog's illness became worse after chemotherapy. Lymphoma treatment was not continued, and the dog was euthanized 9 days after the l ‐asparaginase treatment. Among other problems were persistent proteinuria with a urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio of 2.3 and severe hypoalbuminemia. Serum protein electrophoresis performed 3 weeks prior to chemotherapy indicated hyperproteinemia (total protein 78 g/L) having a biclonal gammopathy with 35 g/L β‐2 globulins and 11 g/L γ globulins. Despite prominent cylinduria and crystalluria, the patient did not develop azotemia or isosthenuria.     

常温泡沫箱加冰运输条件下荔枝的温度、品质、呼吸和乙烯释放变化

常温泡沫箱加冰密封技术已经广泛应用于荔枝的国内运输。以淮枝为材料，探讨加冰与预冷处理对果实温度、品质以及某些生理指标的影响。结果表明：29～31℃室温下72　h后，对照与5℃预冷处理的果实温度相近，达33℃，高于室温。加冰处理使果实温度先下降，至最低点后回升。加冰量达50％时，果实最低温度降至6℃，72　h后回升至27℃，低于室温。对不同加冰比例的荔枝可溶性固形物含量、好果率、果实失重、酶活性以及箱内乙烯、二氧化碳等气体成分动态进行了比较研究。     

Biomass,Mineral Accumulation,and Calcium Crystals in Trema micrantha (L.) Blume as a Function of Calcium Carbonate Addition

Trema micrantha (L.) Blume is a neotropical multipurpose tree species, which could be used in forest restoration and agroforestry. Several cultures, however, require liming to satisfactory yields in acid soils. Therefore, it is important to determine the effect of liming to this native species, in order to include it in agroforestry associations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological changes of T. micrantha, including the calcium oxalate (druses) and cystolith density, as caused by the calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) addition. The assay included three treatments: control, pH 5.3; treatment 1, pH 5.5; treatment 2, pH 6.0. The liming reduced the root biomass and increased the shoot biomass. The leaf specific mass and nutrients concentration were not changed. The leaves presented higher density of druses in treatment 2. The cystolith density was not modified, but the cystolith size was increased by the liming. The results indicate liming tolerance in this species.     

崇测冰帽冰芯记录与塔克拉玛干周缘观测的相逆降水趋势——兼论大气尘埃含量对高海拔山地冰川物质平衡的贡献

对钻自西昆仑山崇测冰帽6530m处18.7m长冰芯的分析得到:尘埃含量的变化影响着崇测冰帽钻点处的物质平衡———与其它气溶胶相比,沙尘微粒是冰帽钻点处降雪的主要贡献因子;以沙尘作为冰核的降雪是钻点处降水的主导形式。与塔克拉玛干沙漠周缘地区地面观测资料比较显示:近60a来的冰芯积累量所反映出的冰帽降水量在减少,同时显示塔克拉玛干沙漠周缘地区暖季降水量在增加,而沙尘恰是连接沙漠周缘地区和附近冰川区气候变化的中介。值得注意的是,本研究对于崇测冰帽冰芯中降雪积累率与尘埃沉降通量一致降低的发现具有区域范围,甚至全球范围气候变化的意义。     

冰核细菌对仁用杏胚珠超微结构的影响

 应用透射电镜对两个仁用杏品种‘白玉扁’和‘一窝蜂’接种冰核细菌并低温处理后的胚珠超微结构进行了观察, 发现冰核细菌对胚珠的超微结构有一定影响: (1) 使珠心细胞发生严重的质壁分离,细胞质中存在大量泡状结构, 线粒体的内部结构完全被破坏, 呈透明状, 而且有些珠心细胞中形成同心圆状的多膜内含物; (2) 使胚囊中卵细胞的细胞核外膜膨胀, 甚至核膜局部解体, 细胞质中细胞器减少。这些变化致使胚珠发育不正常, 影响受精而导致减产或绝收。接种冰核细菌并低温处理比单纯低温处理对胚珠超微结构的破坏程度重。