Effect of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus damaged by monosodium glutamate on bone histomorphometry parameters in rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of hypothalamic arcuate nucleus(ARC) damaged by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on bone histomorphometry parameters in rats. METHODS: (1) Newborn SD rats of experimental group were hypodermically injected 10% MSG (4 g/kg BW) on the postnatal lst, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th day. Meanwhile, the newborn rats of the control group were given equal volume of normal saline and the rats after the postnatal 70th, 72th, 74th, 76th and 78th day were hypodermically injected 10% MSG (4 g/kg BW) as the MSG toxicity control group. After survivial for 160 days, all rats were killed. (2) Morphological methods were used to estimate the ARC neurons and the bone histomorphometry parameters. (3) Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the levels of the serum growth hormoen(GH), estradiol(E2) and testosterone(T). RESULTS: The number of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons, the levels of serum E2, T, GH and the %Tb·Ar, Tb·Th, Tb·N of proximal tibial metaphysis(PTM) significantly decreased, while Tb·Sp of proximal tibial metaphysis(PTM) significantly increased, and the osteoporotic alterations appeared obviously. All these changes did not appear in the rats of NS group and MSG toxicity control group. CONCLUSION: (1) The changes of the bone in MSG guoup rats are not the effect of the MSG toxicity on the bone directly. (2) The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus participates in the regulation of the bone metabolism. (3) ARC regulates bone metabolism via altering the functions of the hypothalamus-GH-IGF-1 axis and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonal axis.     

GnRH神经元在发情期奶山羊下丘脑中的免疫组化定位

为了研究促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)在发情期奶山羊下丘脑中的表达特点,采用超敏的免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法研究GnRH免疫反应神经元在发情期山羊下丘脑中的分布。结果显示,GnRH免疫反应阳性细胞主要分布在视上核、视前内侧核、视前外侧核、交叉上核、丘脑外侧区、室旁核后部、弓状核、腹外侧核、结节乳头体核、乳头体内侧核、乳头体外侧核等核团。阳性细胞的形态有圆形、三角形、卵圆形、梭形、多角形、不规则形,有些阳性细胞还具有明显的突起。圆形和三角形细胞直径的大小为5~35μm,卵圆形和梭形细胞短轴和长轴大小分别为5~27μm、15~58μm。免疫反应阳性产物还分布于部分纤维束中,如视束、正中中隆起等。根据细胞中阳性反应的强弱可分为强阳性,如交叉上核;中等阳性,如乳头体内侧核;弱阳性,如前穹窿周核。上述研究结果表明,GnRH在成年奶山羊下丘脑广泛存在。     

抑制素α亚基在大鼠下丘脑与垂体的免疫组织化学定位

 用链酶亲和素-生物素过氧化物酶复合物（SABC）免疫组织化学方法，使用抑制素α亚基单克隆抗体对注射抑制素α片段及抑制素粗提物后的去卵巢大鼠的下丘脑和垂体进行了免疫组织化学定位。结果表明，在下丘脑与垂体存在抑制素α亚基单克隆抗体的特异性阳性反应位点，并存在剂量与时间上的依赖关系，说明抑制素α亚基可以通过血脑屏障到达下丘脑和垂体，为探讨抑制素α亚基在血脑屏障的转运机制提供了形态学上的依据。     

禽类采食量生理调节因子的研究进展

采食量是影响禽类生长最重要的因素之一。认识采食量的调节规律和机制,旨在更有效地调节家禽的采食量,为生产实践提供重要指导。禽类采食量的生理调节机制十分复杂,涉及许多神经通路和体液因子的调节。本文将重点介绍采食量生理调节因子。     

Effect of membrane environment at high temperature on delayed rectifier K+ channel in hypothalamus neurons

AIM: To observe the effect of high temperature on the delayed rectifier K⁺ channel(I_K) in hypothalamus neurons METHODS: The kinetic properties of I K were measured by cell-attached mode of patche-clamp technique RESULTS: The conductance, long-term open constant(τ _o2) and open probability(Po) of I_K increased with increase of temperature (P <0.05), while more burst open and multi-order open were recorded Many types of currents occurred after heat stress at 43℃,and voltage-dependent property reduced and even depressed CONCLUSIONS: The activating action of I_K might be affected obviously by high temperature, the coupling between I K and body fever or heatstroke remained to be established.     

Intracellular calcium alterations induced by endotoxin and IL-1β in rabbit hypothalamic neurons

AIM: To investigate intracellular free calcium ( [Ca²⁺]i ) alterations in hypothalamus of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin (ET), and compare with the effect of ET and IL-1β on i in hypothalamic neurocytes from normothermia rabbits. METHOD: The concentration of [Ca²⁺]i was determined by using spectrofluorometer and fluorescent Ca²⁺ probe fura-2 /Am. RESULTS: 1. A minute dose of ET (2 ng/mL) induced a significant rise in [Ca²⁺]i in hypothalamic neurocytes from normothermia rabbits. The rise in [Ca²⁺]i in hypothalamic neurocytes from febrile rabbits induced by intravenous injection of ET was also observed. 2. In hypothalamic neurocytes from normotheria rabbits, IL-1β failed to affect [Ca²⁺]i at concentrations of 100, 500, 1 000ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION:The action site of low concentration of calcium that plays a regulatory role during fever seems unlikely to be in cytosolic compartment of hypothalamic neurons. The change of [Ca²⁺]i in hypothalamic neurocytes by ET can not be considered the direct effect of IL-1β.     

鳜下丘脑神经元细胞培养

通过建立可行,高效的下丘脑神经元细胞技术,为研究鳜鱼的摄食机理与能量代谢奠定基础。分离鳜鱼下丘脑组织,Ⅰ型胶原酶将组织消化成单细胞悬液,用完全培养液进行培养,在培养的第3d、4d、5d、6d观察细胞的形态,结果显示培养第3d时细胞贴壁量少,胞体小并且呈单个分布,在培养第4d细胞的数量显著增多,且具有典型的神经元的形态,胞体饱满,第5d形神经元胞体的融合度进一步增大,突起增长增粗,许多分支互相交错连接而形成密集的神经纤维网络,第6d细胞活性减弱,开始走向凋亡;CCK-8法检测细胞活性,结果显示在培养第5d细胞活性最高;并采用两种方法对神经元细胞进行鉴定,结果显示RT-PCR检测发现培养的下丘脑细胞可以表达神经元特异基因noggin,经免疫荧光鉴定下丘脑神经元细胞纯度为95.9%。这些结果表明通过此培养方法能够获得纯度较高的鳜鱼下丘脑神经元细胞,为进一步在细胞水平研究鳜鱼的摄食机理与能量代谢相关机理奠定基础。