优质高产抗逆杨树杂交新品种选育

[目的]研究不同杨树杂交组合营造的试验林在抗性、生长性状方面的差异.[方法]按不同杨树杂交组合进行树高、胸径生长方差分析,确定生长性状存在的差异,通过电导率测定和低温处理对组织中MDA含量的影响,找出不同杂交组合抗性的差别.[结果]综合生长性状及抗性调查结果,初步选择出适于吉林省中东部河流冲击平地和低山丘陵地造林的优良杂交组合为大叶山杨×毛新杨.[结论]该研究可为开展大叶山杨杂交育种提供科学依据.     

我国杨树杂交育种的现状和发展对策

在简要介绍了我国杨树资源并回顾了４０年来的杂交育种成就后，把我国杨树杂交育种过程划分成两个时期。第一个时期解决了北方杨树栽培的品种化问题，第二个时期在一定程序上用自己选育的无性系改变了黄河以南到长江中下游地区直接用引入无性系造林的现状。但由于两个时期是一个世代的短期育种活动，方法和程序上缺少改进，都把由种间杂种Ｆ１中选择无性系作为重点，加之基因资源有限，都存在推广无性系亲缘相近潜育的危险性，缺乏长     

苦瓜杂交制种技术研究

苦瓜杂交制种父母本在上午7～9时,且每朵雄花授2～4朵雌花,授粉后30天左右采收,种子各项生理指标均达到较理想的水平,可显著提高杂交种子的产量和质量.     

Hatchery introgression blurs ancient hybridization between brown trout (Salmo trutta) lineages as indicated by complementary allozymes and mtDNA markers

Populations living on the periphery of a species range are subjected to intense habitat pressures that stress their vulnerability to threats. South Iberian brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations are located on the southwestern boundary of the species range in Europe. This region has been described as a contact zone between Atlantic and Mediterranean populations in other fish species, and allozyme data detected natural hybridization between native Atlantic and Mediterranean brown trout in this area. Nevertheless, native pattern of populations relationships are threatened by hybridization with exogenous hatchery fish. Allozyme data and complete mtDNA control region sequences were used to analyse the ongoing processes of human mediated hybridization between native and hatchery brown trout in this region. Estimates of the persistence of hatchery genes detected a high level of introgression in some of the sampled locations (hatchery ancestry more than 25% in GF-1, GF-2 and GF-3), but results differed from both kinds of markers. The low intrapopulation diversity (H_s = 0.051) indicated that genetic drift could explain discrepancies between markers. At individual level, the complementary use of both markers detected more hatchery origin fish than those detected by the use of a single technique. Based on these results, the importance of considering a large number of genetic markers to evaluate introgression accurately is emphasized. The ability of the current management policies to the protection and conservation of marginal populations that retain complex and special evolutionary histories such as those studied is also questioned.     

套管杂交技术在小豆育种中的应用

20世纪90年代以前,小豆的杂交育种几乎是一片空白,到目前为止,利用杂交技术育成的小豆新品种也寥寥无几。针对小豆杂交育种难度大、成功率低的难题,经过多年不懈的研究,探索出应用套管杂交技术是行之有效的杂交方法,该技术杂交成功率可达50%～70%。     

新型化学杀雄剂CHA1对油菜膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的影响

对新型化学杀雄剂CHA1诱导油菜品种638和82089雄性不育过程中叶片和花蕾SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)和CAT(过氧化氢酶)酶活性变化及MDA(丙二醛)含量变化进行研究。结果表明,CHA1处理下,油菜叶片中SOD、POD和CAT酶活性都升高,MDA含量降低;而在花蕾中SOD酶活性升高,POD和CAT酶活性降低,MDA含量升高。表明在CHA1处理油菜花蕾败育过程中,细胞中发生了氧化保护酶的活性变化和膜脂过氧化。     

茶树种质资源薮北种利用与玉绿、玉笋品种创新

以薮北种优良有性后代作杂交母本，采用优良品种福鼎大白茶、龙井43、湘波绿和槠叶齐的混合花粉进行人工授粉杂交，通过“选择——人工杂交——选择”方法，选育出早生优质、高产的绿茶新品种玉绿、玉笋。经分子标记鉴定、叶片解剖结构分析、生化分析推测湘波绿是玉绿的父本．也可能是玉笋的父本。     

河北杨与旱柳的杂交及其杂种性状

用河北杨作母本与旱柳进行杂交，同时采用新疆杨死花粉作“蒙导”，获得成功；并对杂种后代的各种性状及抗性等作了研究。     

河北本地绒山羊的杂交选育研究

［目的］改进河北省本地绒山羊的生产性能，从而促进羊绒产业的发展。［方法］以辽宁绒山羊为父本，以本地绒山羊为母本，级进杂交到F2代，进行横交固定。测定选育后绒山羊的体尺指标、体重、产绒量，评价羊绒品质，并统计产羔率和净绒率。［结果］与本地绒山羊相比，选育后的绒山羊体格健壮，体尺指标良好，体重和产绒量显著增加，羊绒显著变长，产羔率和净绒率得到了进一步提高。［结论］选育后的绒山羊优质高产，生产性能显著提高。