转基因甘蔗BtG-2的T-DNA侧翼序列分析及其转化事件特异性检测

转基因甘蔗BtG-2是利用农杆菌介导法把Cry1Ac-2A-gna融合抗虫基因导入‘新台糖22号’的转基因甘蔗株系,具有良好的抗虫特性和农艺性状。为了明确转基因甘蔗BtG-2的分子特征及其检测方法,推进其生物安全性评价工作,以BtG-2的T2代为研究材料,利用Southern杂交检测外源基因在转基因甘蔗基因组内的拷贝数;利用染色体步移技术分离外源基因在甘蔗基因组中插入位点的侧翼序列,并建立了该转化体高效灵敏的特异性PCR检测方法。结果表明：Southern杂交检测证明外源T-DNA以单拷贝方式插入BtG-2株系;经过3次的热不对称巢式PCR扩增,获得外源基因T-DNA左边侧翼序列984 bp和右边侧翼序列705 bp;以这2个序列和相应的T-DNA的左右端序列分别设计3对检测引物对,建立了BtG-2株系的转化事件特异性PCR检测方法,扩增效率最高的引物对LS011/LA451和RS160/RA588分别扩增到440 bp和428 bp的特异片段。其中T-DNA左侧设计的LS011/LA451检测引物对扩增的灵敏度高、特异性强,能够在甘蔗BtG-2基因组DNA相对含量为0.1%的模板中检测出转基因目的成分,相当于9个单倍体基因组拷贝数。本研究完成了转基因株系BtG-2的分子特征及其转化事件特异性检测,为该转基因甘蔗及其衍生产品的检测和身份识别提供技术依据。     

灰海马染色体制备及核型分析

为了解灰海马的细胞遗传学特征,便于今后开展灰海马的种质评价与鉴定、规模化人工繁育、亲缘关系研究及人工选育等工作,实验以雌雄灰海马的背鳍为材料,采用秋水仙素浸泡和常规热滴片法制备染色体标本。借助Photoshop图像软件,将同源染色体配对、拼贴,做出染色体核型图。采用Image J软件的自定义曲线测量功能,以着丝粒的中心位置为起点,顺着染色体弯曲的形态,到染色体臂末端为终点,测量线段长度,得出图片中染色体的臂长,根据相同放大倍数下标尺的测量值,换算出染色体的实际臂长。根据臂比值,将染色体进行配对、分类后,得出灰海马的染色体核型公式。结果显示,灰海马的背鳍组织可作为其染色体制备的理想材料,实验选用的染色体制备方法能获得图像清晰、形态良好的细胞分裂相。此法简单、效果好,解决了海龙科鱼类染色体制备的难题;灰海马具有22对染色体,二倍体染色体数目2n=44,雄鱼的染色体核型公式为2n=2sm+20st+22t,雌鱼的染色体核型公式为2n=1m+2sm+20st+21t,雌鱼存在性染色体异型的现象,因此灰海马的性染色体为ZW/ZZ型。     

Development of colchicine‐induced tetraploid St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) lines

St. Augustinegrass is well suited for lawns and commercial landscapes. While many genotypes are cross‐fertile, all cultivars are propagated vegetatively in sod production. To ensure varietal purity, development of sterile triploid hybrids by crossing tetraploid and diploid genotypes has been successfully used in other warm‐season turfgrasses. Applying this model in St. Augustinegrass would be beneficial to sod producers and turf managers who require purity for certification and uniformity for performance, respectively. This study was conducted to develop colchicine‐induced tetraploid lines of St. Augustinegrass. Seeds of cultivar ‘Raleigh’ were treated with four colchicine concentrations at four exposure times. A non‐treated control was included among the treatments. Seedlings that germinated were screened for genome size changes using flow cytometry. Line DSA 13005 and two progeny lines derived through selfing, DSA 16001 and DSA 16016, were corroborated as tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36) through chromosome counts. These lines will be used in future breeding efforts to attempt development of sterile triploid cultivars of St. Augustinegrass.     

Plant regeneration via protoplast electrofusion in cassava

Protoplast electrofusion between callus protoplasts of cultivar TMS60444 and mesophyll protoplasts of cultivar SC8 was performed as an approach for the genetic improvement of cassava. The fusion products were subsequently cultured in protoplast culture medium(TM2 G) with gradual dilution for approximately 1–2 months. Then the protoplast-derived compact calli were transferred to suspension culture medium(SH) for suspension culture. The cultured products developed successively into embryos, mature embryos, and shoots on somatic embryo emerging medium(MSN), embryo maturation medium(CMM), and shoot elongation medium(CEM), respectively. And the shoots were then rooted on Murashige and Skoog(1962) medium(MS). Sixty-six cell lines were obtained and 12 of them developed into plantlets. Based on assessment of ploidy level and chromosome counting, four of these plantlets were tetraploid and the remaining eight were diploid. Based on assessment of ploidy level and simple sequence repeat(SSR) analysis, nine tetraploid cell lines, one diploid variant plant line and nine variant cell lines were obtained. The diploid variant plant line and the nine variant cell lines all showed partial loss of genetic material compared to that of the parent TMS60444, based on SSR patterns. These results showed that some new germplasm of cassava were created. In this study, a protocol for protoplast electrofusion was developed and validated. Another important conclusion from this work is the confirmation of a viable protocol for the regeneration of plants from cassava protoplasts. Going forward, we hope to provide technical guidance for cassava tissue culture, and also provide some useful inspiration and reference for further genetic improvement of cassava.     

辣木的染色体制片优化及核型分析

以辣木分生组织为材料,采用酶解去壁低渗法制片,探讨不同取材部位、预处理方式和酶解时间对辣木染色体制片的影响,并对其进行核型分析,以期为辣木的起源、演化及遗传育种提供一定理论依据。结果表明:以辣木新枝茎尖为最佳取材部位,用饱和对二氯苯预处理2 h,再用4%纤维素酶和5%果胶酶混合物酶解4 h,制片所得染色体效果最佳。核型分析表明,辣木染色体属于小染色体,有28条,核型公式为2n=2x=2n=28m,属于1B类型,核型不对称系数60.29%,核型对称程度较高,这表明辣木在进化中可能处于比较原始类型。     

通过分子标记辅助选择将耐储藏主效QTL qSS-9~(Kas)转入宁粳4号提高其种子贮藏能力

利用置换系SL36作为qSS-9位点上Kasalath等位基因的供体亲本,各方面农艺性状较好的宁粳4号作为轮回亲本,通过回交和自交,并使用4个与qSS-9紧密连锁的分子标记Y-10、Y-11、Y-14、Y-13进行基因型的检测筛选,对宁粳4号进行耐贮性的遗传改良,获得了既耐贮藏、大多农艺性状又接近于宁粳4号的较为稳定的优良新品系,克服了宁粳4号耐贮藏性差的弱点。获得的新品系种子在人工老化和自然老化条件下均表现出发芽率明显提高、丙二醛含量显著降低、TTC染色效果更明显,表明转入耐储藏主效QTL Qss-9~(Kas)的宁粳4号新品系耐贮性显著提高。     

MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs基因缺失BAC克隆株的构建及其体外增殖特性

为构建缺失马立克氏病病毒(Mareks disease virus,MDV)Meq基因簇microRNAs(Meq-clustered miRNAs的突变株,本研究在vv MDV GX0101细菌人工染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC)克隆的基础上,采用Red/ET同源重组技术将Meq-clustered miRNAs的编码基因进行缺失突变,经PCR鉴定及序列分析证明Meq-cluster miRNAs序列成功缺失后,提取Δmeq-miRNAs BAC DNA,转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)进行病毒拯救,用SYBR GreenⅠqRT-PCR检测病毒体外增殖特性。结果表明成功拯救出缺失MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs基因的感染性BAC克隆株GX0101Δmeq-miRNAs,且该缺失株与亲本株GX0101BAC具有相似的增殖曲线,Meq-clustered miRNAs是MDV体外复制的非必需基因。MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs基因缺失感染性BAC克隆株的成功构建为进一步研究MDV Meq-clustered miRNAs在MDV致病和致肿瘤方面的作用奠定了基础。     

四种药用植物的核型分析

四种药用植物的核型分析黄少甫赵治芬关键词豪猪刺接骨木芫荽箭舌豌豆染色体数目核型豪猪刺（ＢｅｒｂｅｒｉｓｊｕｌｉａｎａｅＳｃｈｎｅｉｄ．）为小檗科（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ）小檗属（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｓ）植物，灌木。分布于贵州、湖北、四川等省海拔１０００...     

酸枣的染色体核型分析

应用去壁低渗法对２个酸枣类型的染色体数目，核型等研究的结果表明，它们的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４，酸枣属于小梁色体植物，两者核型类型均属１Ｂ型，本研究不仅丰富了酸枣的核型资料，并且首次发现酸枣的核型中存在高等植物少见的１Ｂ核型。     

香榧性别的早期鉴定*

1987－1989年间，作者对香榧核型进行了研究，据取自浙江诸暨、富阳两地的香榧茎（根）尖材料的核分析结果，建立了香榧雌雄株核型模式，分别为：雌：K（2n）♀=22=21Xm(2SAT) Ym 雄：K(2)♂=22=22Xm(2SAT) 根据上述式对诸暨、富阳两地的131株香榧实生苗作了性别测定，结果有89株为雌性，42株为雄性。