水肥一体化施肥对山地果园‘油㮈’生长及果实品质的影响

以福建特色水果‘油㮈’为试材,在等肥料成本条件下,进行水肥一体化施肥和常规施肥下‘油㮈’树枝梢生长长度和粗度、果实品质、产量表现及施肥成本的比较研究,以期为山地水肥一体化施肥提供参考。结果表明,水肥一体化施肥可在一定程度上促进当年枝梢长度和粗度的增长,提高果实可溶性糖、可溶性固形物及Vc含量,降低可滴定酸含量,提高果实平均单果重、可食率、产量。等价施肥条件下,水肥一体化施肥节省人工成本1104.0元/hm²。建议结合降水量等气候条件及山地土壤特点、生态环境等对水肥一体化施肥技术进行优化。     

油料作物油脂合成调控研究进展

植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料。本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能。本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分子改良和遗传育种提供了理论基础。     

利用HPLC-ICP-MS方法测定中华绒螯蟹不同形态砷的残留量

采用高效液相色谱串联电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定中华绒螯蟹可食部位6种砷形态的残留量。经过前处理、提取和脱脂后,通过色谱柱、流动相、pH和流速等参数调节,筛选得到最优化的分离和检测条件。结果表明,6种砷形态的混合标准溶液在质量浓度0~50 μg/L范围时,均呈现良好的线性关系,其R²达到0.999,检测限为0.0060~0.0912 μg/kg,定量限为0.020~0.304 μg/kg。在样品中添加0.5、5、50 μg/L浓度水平,回收率良好,范围是70%~120%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均<5%,方法精密度与重复性均良好。本方法为中华绒螯蟹可食部位砷形态残留量建立了有效检测方法,为水产品砷残留快速检测提供技术支撑。     

Identification of differential protein expression and putative drug target in metacyclic stage of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: A quantitative proteomics and computational view

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an infectious disease that commonly caused by Leishmania (L.) major and L.tropica. Recently there has been a growing interest in proteomics analysis on Leishmania for drug target discovery. Therefore, we aimed to distinguish proteins which might be characteristic for each of the species from those shared by both to the detection of drug targets, which may become helpful for designing new drugs for CL. To identify differences in protein profiles of L. major and L. tropica, we conducted a Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) analysis. Totally 67 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (fold change> 2 and p < 0.05) were identified between species. Of these, 42 and 25 proteins were up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Several enriched GO terms were identified via biological process of up-regulated proteins. Furthermore, the small molecule metabolic process and translation were detected as significant biological processes for up-regulated proteins in L. major, while translation was identified for L. tropica. Also, KEGG analysis has revealed glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and translation as the top pathways in the proteins up-regulated in L. major and L. tropica, respectively. Finally glycosomal malate dehydrogenase was identified as putative drug target using network and homology analyses. The DEPs between the species are essential in host-pathogen interactions and parasite survival in the macrophage. Furthermore, L. major and L. tropica possibly uses different pathogenicity mechanisms that leads to anthroponotic or zoonotic CL. Our results may help in the drug discovery and chemotherapeutic interventions.     

典型草原枯落物分解过程中官能团的动态特征

选择锡林浩特东部国家气候观象台的生态监测研究样地,对大针茅(Stipa grandis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)、知母(Anemarrhena asphodeloides)枯落物的化学结构特征进行阐释。结果表明:(1)枯落物分解速率呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,且知母枯落物分解速率高于大针茅、羊草和糙隐子草;枯落物总碳(TC)含量为富集-释放模式,在第120d时,知母枯落物TC含量高于其他3种植物。(2)大针茅、羊草、知母、糙隐子草枯落物所含的主要官能团为-OH;=C-H、-CH 2、-CH 3;C=O;C=O、C=C;C-O。(3)不同植物枯落物官能团含量在分解初期迅速减少,在分解后期减少趋势较为缓慢,与分解过程中枯落物的分解速率变化趋势一致;知母的含碳官能团含量在分解结束后最低,而羊草的则最大,且知母和糙隐子草损失量最大,与分解过程中枯落物TC含量的特征一致。(4)大针茅的支链化指数最大,羊草的最小;糙隐子草的芳香性指数最大,知母的最小。不同植物芳香性指数在分解初期迅速减少,在分解后期减少趋势较为缓慢,与分解速率变化趋势一致。     

斑马鱼幼鱼嗜中性粒细胞对副溶血弧菌清除的动态变化

副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是人-兽-鱼共患的致病菌,严重威胁食品安全和人类的健康。为了研究宿主嗜中性粒细胞清除细菌感染的动态变化过程,利用红色荧光蛋白标记的副溶血弧菌Vp57~(RFP)菌株感染受精后48 h(hours post fertilization,hpf)的斑马鱼(Danio rerio)幼鱼耳泡,建立局部感染模型,并以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Ec01菌株为对照,系统比较了副溶血弧菌和大肠杆菌的半数致死剂量(median lethal dose,LD_(50))、存活曲线以及和嗜中性粒细胞相互作用的动态过程,RT-qPCR验证炎症相关基因il1b和il10在感染前后的表达量变化。结果显示副溶血弧菌和大肠杆菌感染斑马鱼幼鱼的LD_(50)分别为7.90×10~8 CFU/mL和1.14×10~(11) CFU/mL,与感染大肠杆菌相比,斑马鱼感染副溶血弧菌后招募嗜中性粒细胞的速度更快,且数量更多。RT-qPCR结果发现斑马鱼感染副溶血弧菌后在相同时间点能够激活更高的il1b和il10基因的表达,引起强烈的炎症反应。基于以上研究,我们建立的副溶血弧菌-斑马鱼幼鱼耳泡局部感染模型,为进一步研究嗜中性粒细胞清除副溶血弧菌感染的动态过程,以及深入揭示天然免疫应答机制提供了依据。     

马铃薯枯萎病和干腐病药剂防治筛选试验报告

马铃薯产业是宁夏“1+4”特色优势产业,是西吉县所有农作物中种植面积最大、涉及农户最多、比较效益最高的农民脱贫致富的主导产业。近年来西吉县马铃薯产业由商品薯种植大县向种薯繁育大县的转变,推动了农业增效,农民增收的快速发展。但各类土传性病害的发生影响了马铃薯产业的发展,同时磋商了农民种植的积极性。为了测定筛选出对马铃薯枯萎病和干腐病防治效果好、成本较低药剂,为大田防治提供科学依据。     

资本禀赋、技术认知与农户耕地低碳利用意愿

耕地低碳利用对于减少农业温室气体排放,促进农业持续健康发展具有积极意义。建立资本禀赋、技术认知的理论分析模型和研究假说,利用湖北省347户农户的调研数据,在测度农户资本禀赋、耕地低碳利用技术认知的基础上,采用Logit模型、中介效应模型、调节效应检验方法,就资本禀赋、技术认知与农户耕地低碳利用意愿的关系进行实证研究。结果发现,资本禀赋不仅对农户耕地低碳利用意愿在1%水平上有显著的直接正向影响,还会通过技术认知这一中介变量在1%水平上产生显著的间接正向影响,环境素养在农户自我效能认知和耕地低碳利用意愿间发挥正向调节作用。据此,建议从经济资本、社会资本、文化资本3个角度提升农户的资本禀赋,通过多种渠道提升农户对耕地低碳利用的认知水平,提高农户环境素养。     

Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system

The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch(Mv). We conducted a 10-year(2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination(sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80(by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index(SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate(with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%),whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers(e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.     

施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

采用大田裂区试验，研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明，与不施锌肥相比，施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值，提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量，减少花生病害的发生，平均降低7.1个百分点，花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下，随着遮阴程度的增加，花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势，花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点，花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下，施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下，施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2，使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能，增产显著，可在花生产区推广应用。