Anethole inhibits growth of recently emerged multidrug resistant toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant strains in vitro

To search natural compounds having inhibitory effect on bacterial growth is important, particularly in view of growing multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of bacterial pathogens. Like other bacterial pathogens, MDR Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of diarrheal disease cholera, is becoming a great concern. As an approach of searching new antimicrobial agents, here, we show that anethole, a well-studied natural component of sweet fennel and star anise seeds, could potentially inhibit the growth of MDR O1 El Tor biotype, the ongoing 7th cholera pandemic variant strains of toxigenic V. cholerae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of anethole against diverse O1 El Tor biotype strains is evaluated as 200 µg/ml. Moreover, the effect of anethole is bactericidal and exerts rapid-killing action on V. cholerae cells. This study is the first report which demonstrates that anethole, purified from natural compound, is a potent inhibitor of growth of toxigenic V. cholerae. Our data suggest that anethole could be a potential antimicrobial drug candidate, particularly against MDR V. cholerae mediated infections.     

异齿裂腹鱼人工规模化繁殖技术研究

2010年4～6月,对野生异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o' connori)人工规模化繁殖技术进行研究,并初步进行产后亲鱼恢复培养技术研究.对108尾雌鱼进行干法人工授精,共采卵104万多粒,孵出仔鱼62万多尾.其中45尾雌亲鱼自然成熟,共采卵46.8万多粒,平均受精率和孵化率低于人工催产雌鱼卵.人工催产83...     

Effects of combined application of potassium phosphite and fungicide on stem and sheath disease control,yield, and quality of rice

Phosphite has been shown to suppress some diseases in different plant species but disease control in rice has not been investigated. In 2012/13 and 2013/14 potassium phosphite was sprayed at 1775 g ha⁻¹ and 3550 g ha⁻¹ in field plots of rice in Uruguay to determine if phosphite alone or in combination with label rates of a mixed strobilurin and triazole fungicide could be used to effectively control stem rot and aggregate sheath spot in irrigated rice. Six treatments consisting of different combinations of potassium phosphite alone or with a fungicide and an unsprayed control were assayed in one application at late-boot to early-heading. Phosphite alone in single and double rate slightly reduced severity and incidence of stem rot and produced a small yield increase over the unsprayed control. Fungicide at a 50% label rate with phosphite reduced stem rot severity and incidence to a similar level as the fungicide alone applied at the label rate. Disease severity was reduced by approximately 25% and incidence by 17–20% when compared with untreated control. Yield increase was 5% for both treatments over the unsprayed control. Fungicide combined with phosphite at single and double rates reduced stem rot severity by 40–45% and incidence by 34–38% when compared with untreated control, with yield increased by 10% over the unsprayed control and 5% over plots treated with a fungicide. These results indicate that a single application of potassium phosphite combined with fungicide can be used efficiently to manage of rice stem diseases.     

Seasonal and diel changes in fish distribution in a tropical hydropower plant tailrace: evidence from hydroacoustic and gillnet sampling

Hydropower plant operation can lead to direct impacts on fish near the dam, causing injuries and death. In Brazil, it is more common to observe these impacts in the tailrace. To understand temporal and spatial variations in fish abundance in the tailrace, to assist plant operation management, surveys were performed in Três Marias Hydropower Plant using hydroacoustics and multimesh gillnets. Data were collected in the tailrace backwater over 1 year, during 18 field trips, each covering a 24‐h cycle with six sampling intervals. A greater abundance of fish was found in the tailrace during the wet season, mainly explained by total discharge. More fish were detected by hydroacoustics and gill nets during night sampling. Siluriformes, which are known to exhibit nocturnal habits, were the predominant species in both dry and wet seasons. Thus, damaging operational procedures for fish should be planned in the dry season, low‐abundance period.     

厄尔尼诺／拉尼娜事件变化特征及与长治气候之关系

提要 本文根据1961年以来长治市11个县站的降水和气温资料,分析1961年以来长治市年降水和气温的变化趋势,研究了厄尔尼诺事件/拉尼娜事件的发生和变化,以及厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件对长治市年降水和年平均气温以及旱涝灾害的影响。结果表明：1、1961—2014 年共有15 次ElNino 事件( 暖事件) 和14 次La Nina 事件( 冷事件)发生,发生概率分别为0.28和0.26;厄尔尼诺事件发生强度要大于拉尼娜事件发生的强度。2、厄尔尼诺事件主要发生在春夏季,结束于秋冬季; 拉尼娜事件主要发生在春—秋季,结束于春冬季。3、长治市年降水异常年份均出现在厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件发生年或结束年,且厄尔尼诺开始年和结束年所对应的气候异常相反。4、长治年平均气温的高低与拉尼娜年又较好的对应关系。5、长治市大旱大涝与厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜事件有极其密切的关系。     

小样本情况下需水量预测模型研究

针对传统的GM（1,1）模型,分析了其预测结果与实际过程存在的偏差,通过GM（1,1）模型与自回归滑动平均模型相结合的方法以弥补偏差。以钦州市1999-2009年及2005-2009年城市供水总量这两组基础数据对本文所建模型进行验证,并利用此模型预测了钦州市2010-2018年需水量。通过与其他预测模型的对比,进一步证...     

近代中国蚕桑业发展与农民经济理性

本文从农家经营理性选择的角度,考察了近代中国蚕桑生产的发展,论述了近代中国农家兼业经济演化的新条件和新特点。     

不同饵料对3种西藏鱼类仔鱼生长及存活的影响

研究了卤虫无节幼体、专用仔鱼料、鳗鱼仔鱼料等3种不同饵料对西藏尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)、异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o'connori Lloyd)、拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni Regan)等3种鱼类仔鱼生长和存活的影响。实验尖裸鲤、异齿裂腹鱼、拉萨裂腹鱼仔鱼的初始全长分别为(13.29±0.52)mm、(12.29±0.44)mm、(15.81±0.50)mm,实验周期分别为25 d、25 d、15 d。结果表明:与其他饵料组相比,投喂专用仔鱼料组,异齿裂腹鱼仔鱼和拉萨裂腹鱼仔鱼的平均全长、全长增加倍数以及存活率均高于其他各组,并有显著差异;尖裸鲤仔鱼的平均全长和全长增长倍数也高于其他各组,但存活率较投喂卤虫无节幼体低,并有显著差异。     

我国西北近50年春季沙尘暴活动的变化与气候因子相关性研究

本文根据我国西北不同地区近50年来气象观测资料,研究了该区沙尘暴活动特点及其与气候变化的关系。结果表明:近五十年来我国西北沙尘暴发生总体呈波动减小趋势,这主要与新疆和内蒙古等沙源区向暖湿方向发展有关,而1999—2002年沙尘暴活动增强的主要原因是降水减少和气温升高。气候要素中的降水量变化与沙尘暴的发生有着极其密切的关系,二者呈明显的负相关;气温的高低也与沙尘暴的发生呈负相关,但没有与降水量的关系明显。在沙尘暴多发的60—70年代,沙尘暴日数减少与春季降水量的增加关系密切;而在80—90年代,冬干气候对沙尘暴日数增加作用明显。在沙尘暴多发的60—70年代,拉尼娜年对沙尘暴日数有明显的减少作用;相反,在沙尘暴较少的80—90年代,厄尔尼诺年对沙尘暴日数有明显的增加作用。