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通过采集不同发育阶段种子并对其进行自然干燥处理,以含水量、发芽率和ABA含量变化为指标,研究了色木槭和拧筋槭种子在自然发育和干燥过程中的脱水耐性变化.结果表明,色木槭和拧筋槭种子虽经历了成熟脱水,但种子仍不耐脱水;其发芽率和活力指数随发育进程而逐渐增加,但随自然脱水进程而逐渐降低;色木槭和拧筋槭种子最大脱水耐性分别出现在花后100 d和120 d;在整个发育过程中,两树种种子的ABA(脱落酸)含量均较低;拧筋槭种子中ABA含量在脱水过程中呈下降趋势,而色木槭种子中ABA含量在脱水过程中虽有升高但变化不显著.推测ABA含量低可能为色木槭和拧筋槭种子不耐脱水的主要原因之一. 相似文献
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[目的]为了研究海芋种子脱水耐性的形成机制和种子萌发生理。[方法]通过常规萌发试验探讨不同温度、光照条件对海芋种子萌发的影响,通过脱水处理后萌发实验来研究不同发育时期海芋种子的性状和脱水耐性的变化。[结果]海芋种子从花后45~95 d,果实颜色从绿色—黄绿色—橙黄色—红色;千粒重逐渐增大,85 d达到最大,90 d后有所下降;干重逐渐增加,85 d达到最大,85 d后无明显变化。海芋种子45 d尚无萌发,50 d萌发率为17.0%,65 d达到87.5%,随后保持在较高水平,95 d又有所下降。发芽指数和萌发率的变化同步。花后45~85 d海芋种子脱水耐性逐渐增强,85 d达到最大,95 d有所减弱。光照对于种子的萌发和生长有促进作用,25~35℃光照条件下,种子萌发较好,幼苗鲜重也较大。[结论]光照和温度对种子萌发有单独影响,但又相互作用,同时光照对萌发的影响还与含水量有关。海芋种子脱水耐性在发育过程中逐渐变化,说明它是数量性状。 相似文献
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The potential impact of changes in precipitation patterns associated with climate changes was investigated in Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in a Danish heathland. The amount of precipitation was manipulated during spring and summer in an experimental field site in order to reveal effects of three different drought regimes: weak drought (WD), medium drought (MD) and high drought (HD). Enchytraeids were sampled every six to eight weeks (0–9 cm depth) for more than the eight months and soil water potential (SWP) and soil water content (SWC) was measured on a regular basis for five months.The enchytraeid communities were generally reduced due to a natural drought spell. The HD treatment significantly reduced the moisture level of the soil further with SWP below −15 bar (5 and 10 cm depth) and SWC around 5% (v/v) for more than two months. As a result almost no enchytraeids were found in HD plots after two months with high drought stress. Nevertheless, the HD-treated enchytraeid communities recovered within two months, as there was no significant difference in biomass and density of the different treatments at that time. During periods with extreme low SWP enchytraeids were practically absent in the top soil (0–3 cm), but a few animals were found in 3–6 cm. During this period SWP was around −15 bar even in 20 cm depth, indicating that active stages could not have survived. Thus, we suggest that the species present must be dependent on a drought tolerant stage, as vertical migration could not have supported the observed recovery.SWP and SWC were both significantly correlated with the total density and biomass of enchytraeids. However, density was better correlated with the SWP and SWC compared to biomass, which can be due to hatching of cocoons and increased fragmentation rate. 相似文献
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针对齐齐哈尔地区典型黏土,用美国路邦EN-1固化剂进行加固.首先,进行了固化剂加固土材料的最佳配合比的试验研究,并通过无侧限抗压强度试验确定固化剂稳定土的最佳石灰用量为5%.在此基础上对5%石灰固化剂稳定土和9%石灰稳定土进行室内干缩和温缩试验,得出其干缩系数和温缩系数的变化规律,结果表明5%石灰固化剂稳定土的干缩和温缩性能均优于9%石灰稳定土.经济分析表明,在该地区的县乡公路基层中采用路邦EN-1固化剂稳定土具有非常显著的经济效益. 相似文献
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Desiccation and cracking behaviour of clay layer from slurry state under wetting-drying cycles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the effect of wetting-drying (W-D) cycles on the initiation and evolution of cracks in clay layer. Four identical slurry specimens were prepared and subjected to five subsequent W-D cycles. The water evaporation, surface cracks evolution and structure evolution during the W-D cycles were monitored. The effect of W-D cycles on the geometric characteristics of crack patterns was analyzed by image processing. The results show that the desiccation and cracking behaviour was significantly affected by the applied W-D cycles: the measured cracking water content θc, surface crack ratio Rsc and final thickness hf of the specimen increased significantly in the first three W-D cycles and then tended to reach equilibrium; the formed crack patterns after the second W-D cycle were more irregular than that after the first W-D cycle; the increase of surface cracks was accompanied by the decrease of pore volume shrinkage during drying. In addition, it was found that the applied W-D cycles resulted in significant rearrangement of specimen structure: the initially homogeneous and non-aggregated structure was converted to a clear aggregated-structure with obvious inter-aggregate pores after the second W-D cycle; the specimen volume generally increased with increasing cycles due to the aggregation and increased porosity. The image analysis results show that the geometric characteristics of crack pattern were significantly influenced by the W-D cycles, but this influence was reduced after the third cycle. This is consistent with the observations over the experiment, and indicates that the image processing can be used for quantitatively analyzing the W-D cycle dependence of clay desiccation cracking behaviour. 相似文献
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Biochar has a great potential for enhancing soil fertility and carbon sequestration while enabling beneficial waste disposition. Because of the potential for widespread application, it is essential to proactively assess and mitigate any unintended consequences associated with soil biochar amendment. We conducted soil avoidance tests, growth and reproduction tests, and oxidative stress assays with the earthworm Eisenia foetida to assess the potential toxicity of soil amended with biochar produced from apple wood chips. Earthworms avoided soils containing 100 and 200 g/kg dry biochar at statistically significant levels (p < 0.05), and after 28-day incubation, these earthworms lost more weight than those in control (unamended) soil. However, biochar did not affect the reproduction of earthworms. We investigated whether the observed avoidance was due to nutrition deficiency, desiccation, or the presence of toxic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during biochar production by pyrolysis. Nutrition deficiency was excluded by the lack of earthworm avoidance to soil amended with nutrient-deficient sand instead of biochar. Although traces of PAH were detected in the tested biochar (e.g., 25.9 μg/kg fluorene, 3290 μg/kg naphthalene, and 102 μg/kg phenanthrene), the lack of lipid peroxidation and no increase in superoxide dismutase activity in biochar-exposed earthworms suggests that presence of toxic compounds was not a likely reason for avoidance. Furthermore, wetting the biochar to its field capacity resulted in statistically undetectable avoidance relative to control soil, indicating that insufficient moisture could be a key factor affecting earthworm behavior in soil amended with dry biochar. To avoid desiccation of invertebrates and enable their beneficial ecosystem services, we recommend wetting biochar either before or immediately after soil application. 相似文献