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排序方式: 共有27条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
高分子量谷蛋白亚基(high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits,HMW-GS)是小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白的重要组成成分,其数量和质量与品质密切相关。聚合优质HMW-GS可改良强筋小麦制品面包品质,相反HMW-GS缺失可能在弱筋小麦制品饼干、糕点或其他特色食品品质改良上具有重要应用价值。本文从小麦HMW-GS缺失的类型和机制、贮藏蛋白组分和蛋白体发育、面粉和面团品质效应以及食品加工品质改良等方面进行了综述,分析了当前小麦HMW-GS缺失研究利用中存在的问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   
2.

Background

GM2‐gangliosidosis is a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by deficiency of either β‐hexosaminidase A (Hex‐A) and β‐hexosaminidase B (Hex‐B) together, or the GM2 activator protein. Clinical signs can be variable and are not pathognomonic for the specific, causal deficiency.

Objectives

To characterize the phenotype and genotype of GM2‐gangliosidosis disease in an affected dog.

Animals

One affected Shiba Inu and a clinically healthy dog.

Methods

Clinical and neurologic evaluation, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assays of lysosomal enzyme activities, and sequencing of all coding regions of HEXA, HEXB, and GM2A genes.

Results

A 14‐month‐old, female Shiba Inu presented with clinical signs resembling GM2‐gangliosidosis in humans and GM1‐gangliosidosis in the Shiba Inu. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the dog's brain indicated neurodegenerative disease, and evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) identified storage granules in leukocytes. Lysosomal enzyme assays of plasma and leukocytes showed deficiencies of Hex‐A and Hex‐B activities in both tissues. Genetic analysis identified a homozygous, 3‐base pair deletion in the HEXB gene (c.618‐620delCCT).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Clinical, biochemical, and molecular features are characterized in a Shiba Inu with GM2‐gangliosidosis. The deletion of 3 adjacent base pairs in HEXB predicts the loss of a leucine residue at amino acid position 207 (p.Leu207del) supporting the hypothesis that GM2‐gangliosidosis seen in this dog is the Sandhoff type. Because GM1‐gangliosidosis also exists in this breed with almost identical clinical signs, genetic testing for both GM1‐ and GM2‐gangliosidosis should be considered to make a definitive diagnosis.  相似文献   
3.
Riemerella anatipestifer causes epizootic infectious disease in poultry and serious economic losses especially to the duck industry. However, little is known regarding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. The ability to acquire iron under low-iron conditions is related to the virulence of a variety of bacterial pathogens. In this study, a sip (Riean_1281) deletion mutant CH3Δsip was constructed and characterized for iron-limited growth, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity to ducklings. Results showed that siderophore-interacting protein (SIP) was involved in iron utilization and the sip deletion significantly reduced biofilm formation and adherence to and invasion of Vero cells. In addition, the sip gene was absent in 1 of 24 (4.17%) virulent strains and 2 of 3 (66.7%) avirulent strains of R. anatipestifer, and the sip gene from six R. anatipestifer strains, which belong to serotypes 1, 2, and 10, respectively, shared 100% amino acid identities to those of R. anatipestifer strains DSM15868 and RA-GD. These results suggested that siderophore-mediated iron acquisition may be an important iron-uptake pathway in R. anatipestifer. Animal experiments indicated that the median lethal dose of the CH3Δsip mutant in ducklings was about 35-fold higher than that of the wild-type CH3 strain. Thus, our results demonstrated that R. anatipestifer SIP was involved in iron acquisition and necessary for its optimal virulence.  相似文献   
4.
AIM: To investigate the underlying genetic changes of a Chinese patient with infantile malignant osteopetrosis (IMO). IMO is a monogenic disease, mostly caused by mutations of TCIRG1 and CLCN7 genes. The former is believed a homozygous gene and only cause the disease in homozygous or compound heterozygous status. However, it has been reported that heterozygous mutations also cause the disease in 6 non-Chinese cases. METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of the patient and his parents. All exons and splice sites of TCIRG1 and CLCN7 genes were amplified by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Mutation detection in the 2 genes was also investigated in the parents. Haplotypes were constructed by variations obtained in mutation detection and microsatillites flanking TCIRG1 gene in the family by Cyrillic. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was performed to detect copy number variations (CNV) of the patient and his mother. RESULTS: A novel mutation c.449_452delAGAG (p.Gln149Glnfs16) was detected in the patient. This mutation truncated 666 amino acids at the C terminal of the V-ATPase 116 kD isoform a3 protein. It wiped out the entire ATPase V0 complex and was predicted to result in total loss of protein function. This mutation was also detected in the patient's father. No pathogenic mutation was detected in CLCN7 gene. CMA did not reveal any CNV involving TCIRG1 or CLCN7 gene. CONCLUSION: We reported a novel heterozygous mutation of TCIRG1 gene causing IMO. This represents the first IMO case in China caused by heterozygous TCIRG1 gene mutation.  相似文献   
5.
以Glu-1位点正常和部分缺失的小麦品系为材料,探讨HMW-GS和LMW-GS组成与谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性的关系,为利用HMW-GS缺失系改良小麦品质提供理论依据。在20个供试硬白冬麦品系中,1个品系为Glu-A1位点缺失,5个品系为Glu-D1缺失,3个品系为Glu-A1和Glu-D1双缺失。所有品系的蛋白质含量皆较高(13.39%~14.12%),品系间无显著差异,缺失系与非缺失系间也无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了高分子量谷蛋白/低分子量谷蛋白比(HMW/LMW)、不溶性谷蛋白大聚体的含量和百分比。谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比(GLU/GLI)在基因型间变幅较小,且在缺失系和非缺失系间无显著差异。Glu-1位点缺失显著降低了面团弹性,但显著提高了面团的延展性。部分Glu-1位点缺失系仍具有较高的面团强度和突出的延展性,谷蛋白聚合体粒度分布和面团特性受谷蛋白亚基组成和表达量的共同影响。研究结果表明,利用Glu-1位点亚基缺失可能是改善面筋延展性,提高食品加工品质的方法之一。  相似文献   
6.
MYB类转录因子是植物中最大的转录因子基因家族之一,广泛参与植物生长发育全过程,对植物次生代谢等具有重要的调控作用。本研究对大豆GmMYB042基因的表达特性和功能进行了系统研究,针对该基因C端的保守氨基酸基序(PDLNLELTIS)和锌指结构进行了一系列的序列删除突变,并将各缺失突变体在烟草中进行了过表达,以验证目的基因及其特殊基序的功能。表达特性分析结果表明,GmMYB042基因在大豆的根瘤、根、茎、叶、花、荚果皮和种子中均有表达,且在茎、种子和花中的表达量相对较高;GmMYB042基因在大豆中的表达受PEG、高盐、低温和UV-B辐射的诱导。过表达分析结果表明,GmMYB042基因的过表达使转基因烟草类黄酮代谢途径部分关键酶基因(如PAL、CHS和FLS)的表达量明显上升,转基因烟草总黄酮的含量明显高于对照;各缺失突变体的转基因烟草类黄酮代谢途径相应酶基因的表达量发生了相应的变化,进一步证明目的基因对类黄酮生物合成的调控作用;各缺失突变体的转基因烟草的叶缘有明显皱褶,说明目的基因可能还参与调控叶的形态建成。  相似文献   
7.
重组疫苗的研究中,减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌可以作为真核表达载体。其原理是将免疫原基因片段连接到某种真核质粒中,然后将质粒导入减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,构建针对该特异病原的重组活疫苗。本文介绍了减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌作为DNA载体,在动物细菌、病毒和支原体重组活疫苗中的运用。  相似文献   
8.
何家禄 《蚕业科学》1991,17(2):95-100
家蚕血液酯酶电泳图谱中A区酯酶缺失型东34,是共显性等位血液酯酶A区酶带不表达基因BesAo的纯合子,基因符号Bes Ao/Ao。东34是其亲本交配后代的分离,选择,固定后的产物。东34缺失的A区酶带属胆碱酯酶类。  相似文献   
9.
小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(high molecular weight glutenin subunit,HMW-GS)由Glu-A1、Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点中含有的复等位基因编码,评价和优化Glu-1位点组合是认识与改良HMW-GS表达与功能的重要途径。本研究创制了以小偃81为背景的HMW-GS基因完全缺失突变体DLGlu1。将DLGlu1与加拿大优质强筋小麦品种Glenlea杂交,结合后代幼胚培养与分子标记辅助选择技术,在BC3F3种子中快速鉴定出来自Glenlea的Glu-A1a、Glu-B1al和Glu-D1d位点不同组合的7种渗入系材料,可进一步发展成一套完整的Glu-1位点有差异的近等渗入系。本研究表明,DLGlu1可用于Glu-1位点近等渗入系的快速创制,对Glu-1位点功能研究和改良具有重要价值。  相似文献   
10.
目前在基因工程中应用最广的为组成型启动子,但是组成型启动子驱动外源基因在各组织中持续恒定的表达可能引起植物发育迟缓等问题,因此克隆来源于作物本身的组织特异型启动子逐渐受到重视。根据本实验室基因芯片数据库找到一个在水稻绿色组织特异表达的基因(TIGR Locus:LOC_Os06g21110),用 PCR 技术从水稻明恢 63(Oryza sativa L ssp. indica)基因组中克隆得到其上游启动子命名为GSP (green-tissue specific promoter),长度为1 951 bp。将GSP与带有β-glucuronidas(gus)报告基因的的植物表达载体连接,经农杆菌(Agrobacterium)介导转化水稻中花11 (O. sativa L ssp. japonica)成熟种子胚诱导的愈伤组织,获得转基因水稻阳性植株,通过组织化学染色法证明,GSP是一个叶鞘和叶片特异表达启动子。对其进行5’端缺失分析,构建了7个缺失载体,通过验证缺失载体的表达谱,证明592 bp长度的启动子就足以维持鞘叶特异表达模式,初步鉴定出了该启动子的核心功能区域。本研究所克隆出的GSP 启动子是一个未曾报道过的鞘叶特异表达启动子,基因工程中利用此类启动子可以在改良水稻性状的同时减少对水稻生理方面的副作用,有良好的应用价值。  相似文献   
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