赤眼鳟和麦瑞加拉鲮的化学组成、能量密度及对鳜的营养价值

为评价赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)和麦瑞加拉鲮(Cirrhinus mrigala)对鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)的营养价值,分别测定了体质量为(5.27±1.03)g的赤眼鳟、(5.05±1.21)g的麦瑞加拉鲮和(5.19±0.92)g的鳜的化学组成,估算了这3种鱼的能量密度,以探讨赤眼鳟代替麦瑞加拉鲮养殖鳜的可行性。结果显示,赤眼鳟和麦瑞加拉鲮的全鱼蛋白质含量显著高于鳜,水分显著低于鳜(P0.05),必需氨基酸指数分别高达92.56%±2.31%和93.17%±0.36%,多数必需氨基酸的化学评分≥0.82。而赤眼鳟的脂肪和能量密度更高,显著高于麦瑞加拉鲮和鳜,灰分显著低于麦瑞加拉鲮(P0.05)。研究表明,这两种鱼对鳜都具有较高的营养价值,但赤眼鳟的营养价值更高,以赤眼鳟代替麦瑞加拉鲮养殖鳜是可行的,这为转变鳜的养殖方式提供了参考。     

Effects of organic selenium supplemented diet on growth performance and antioxidant response in Cirrhinus mrigala

The present study was conducted to evaluate the …effect of dietary selenium on growth performance and antioxidant enzymes activity in Cirrhinus mrigala for a period of 45 days. Four numbers of experimental diets were prepared, T_c for Control (0 mg organic selenium/kg of diet), T₁ (2.5 mg organic selenium/kg of diet), T₂ (5.0 mg organic selenium/kg of diet) and T₃ (10 mg organic selenium/kg of diet). The water quality parameters (temperature, DO, pH, conductivity, hardness, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite) were found to be insignificant (p > .05) among all the treatments. Superoxidase dismutase (SOD) was found to be significantly highest in T₂ (6.10 ± 0.07) when compared with the other treatments. Similarly, catalase (CAT) activity in T₁ (13.21 ± 0.13) was significantly (p < .05) different with that of Control, T₂ and T₃. Present study also revealed that 2.5mg organic selenium/kg supplemented diet (T₁) showed highest results in net weight gain (15.55 ± 1.36 g), net weight gain percentage (185.88 ± 8.98%) and SGR (2.35 ± 0.06 g) compared with other experimental diet.     

Ontogenic changes in the digestive enzyme patterns and characterization of proteases in Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala

Digestive enzymes of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) were studied during ontogenic development. Specific amylase activity was detected in first feeding fish. The enzyme activity decreased up to day‐18 and then it increased with the age of fish to reach the highest level on day‐34. Protease activity was 28.61 ± 8.90 mU mg protein^?1 min^?1 on day‐4 and increased with the age throughout the study period. Trypsin activity was 31.86 ± 1.12 mU mg protein^?1 min^?1 on day‐4. The activity decreased up to day‐10 and from day‐12 onwards increased up to day‐26. Chymotrypsin activity was 14.56 ± 2.74 mU mg protein^?1 min^?1on day‐4 and constantly increased up to day‐26. A significant increase in lipase activity was observed between days‐24 and 34. SDS‐PAGE and substrate SDS‐PAGE showed the diversity of protein (17.4–127.8 kDa) and protease activity bands (16.6–88.8 kDa) during ontogenesis. Soybean trypsin inhibitor, phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride, N‐α‐p‐tosyl‐l ‐lysine chloromethylketone and N‐tosyl‐l ‐phenylalanine chloromethylketone inhibited the protease activity up to 79.72–97.21, 65.55–94.83, 45.41–75.31 and 40.78–64.72%, respectively. Inhibition study in substrate SDS‐PAGE revealed the abundance of serine proteases and the presence of isoforms of trypsin and chymotrypsin. Ethylenediamine‐tetraacetate showed 5.56–22.78% inhibition of metal ion‐specific enzyme activity.     

Dietary methionine requirement of Indian major carp fry,Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) based on growth,feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency

This study was aimed at quantifying methionine requirement of Indian major carp fry, Cirrhinus mrigala (2.2 ± 0.2 cm; 0.19 ± 0.02 g) by conducting a 12‐week feeding trial. Casein–gelatine‐based isonitrogenous (40 g 100 g^?1 crude protein) and isoenergetic (15.42 kJ g^?1 DE) amino acid test diets were prepared to contain six levels of l ‐methionine (1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9 and 2.1 g 100 g^?1 dry diet) at a fixed level of cysteine (0.85 g 100 g^?1 dry diet) and fed to apparent satiation thrice daily to triplicate groups of fish. When absolute weight gain (g per fish), feed conversion ratio, protein deposition (g per fish) and nitrogen retention efficiency data were subjected to broken‐line and second‐degree polynomial regression analysis, 95% of the plateau of above parameters was achieved at dietary methionine concentrations between 1.60 and 1.69 g 100 g^?1 dry diet or 0.10 to 0.11 g methionine kJ^?1 DE, corresponding to 4.1–4.22 g 100 g^?1 protein or 0.44–0.47 g methionine kJ^?1 DE. Based on these results, dietary methionine requirement of fry C. mrigala is recommended 1.60–1.69 g 100 g^?1 diet or 0.10–0.11 g methionine kJ^?1 DE.     

用IGF—ⅠmRNA表达量评价鲮饲料配方效果的研究

试验以秘鲁鱼粉为饲料蛋白源，研究4种蛋白水平（21．5％、32．2％、42．5％和51．6％）的饲料对鲮（Cirrhinus molitorella）生长、消化酶活性及类胰岛素生长因子（IGF—Ⅰ）mRNA表达水平的影响。经过8周的养殖试验，不同饲料蛋白水平下，蛋白酶活性与特定生长率（SGR）成极显著的正相关性（P〈0．01）；鲮肝组织中IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量与特定生长率成极显著正相关性（P〈0．01）；鲮肝组织IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量与蛋白酶活性也成极显著正相关性（P〈0．01）。结果表明，用鲮肝组织IGF—ⅠmRNA的表达量可以快速鉴定饲料的质量。     

不同蛋白水平对鲮消化酶活性的影响

以秘鲁鱼粉为饲料蛋白源,研究4种蛋白水平(20%、30%、40%、50%)的饲料对鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)肠和肝胰腺消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:随着饲料蛋白水平的增加,肠和肝胰腺的蛋白酶比活性有所增加,其中50%组与20%组差异极显著(P<0.01),40%组与20%组差异显著(P<0.05);肠和肝胰腺的淀粉酶比活性随饲料蛋白水平的增加略有下降,50%组与20%和30%组有显著差异(P<0.05);脂肪酶比活性随饲料蛋白水平的增加也有所下降,20%组与30%组,40%组和50%差异极显著(P<0.01),其他组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。在试验前4周鲮的消化酶比活性均有所增加,第4周后增加到最大值,此后略有下降,但也基本稳定在同一个水平,表明鲮消化酶活性对饲料蛋白含量具有适应性反应。     

鲮胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)cDNA的分子克隆和序列分析

采用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法，从鲮肝脏总RNA中扩增出胰岛素样生长因子-I（IGF-I）基因，克隆至质粒PUGm-T。测定该基因序列，推导其编码的蛋白质序列。克隆的鲮IGF-IcDNA编码序列包括信号肽、B、C、A、D和E6个区域，共161个氨基酸残基。与鲤IGF-I比较，信号肽由44个氨基酸残基组成比鲤少17个，成熟肽核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95.2%和100%,E区域分析结果表明，克隆的鲮IGF-I序列属于IGF-I Ea-2亚型。     

鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解物分子量分布与抗氧化性的研究(英文)

[目的]为了研究鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白水解物的分子量的分布及抗氧化活性。[方法]分子量分布采用分子排阻色谱法和基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),鱼皮用碱性蛋白酶2709处理。[结果]最佳水解条件为:pH 10.0、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为80 g/L、酶和底物比4%,水解时间3 h。两种方法分析水解产物的相对分子质量分布范围为400~1 800 Da,大多数胶原蛋白短肽的分子量在1 400 Da以下。[结论]结果表明,鱼皮水解物是一种潜在的抗氧化物。     

基于RNA-Seq技术的鲮转录组分析

为满足标记辅助育种的要求,通过454测序平台首次开展了鲮Cirrhina molitorella全鱼转录组深度测序,并用 Newbler 等软件进行数据精细分析。结果表明：共获得了1297479条 reads,总碱基数为486586191 bp,组装后得到19962条contigs,平均长度为1269 bp, N50为1509 bp。基因功能注释研究共获取了10577个特异蛋白,根据特异蛋白注释结果进行GO分析,有7314条contigs有GO注释,包含5381个特异蛋白;采用GO 功能分类工具可将已注释转录物序列划分为分子功能、生物途径和细胞成分3类,为下一步开展生长等性状相关基因功能验证研究提供丰富的序列资源;共鉴定出5931个具有完整的ORF的全长cDNA序列,并且鉴定出2438个微卫星和5014个SNP位点。本研究中,还建立了鲮转录组数据库和网站,方便同行随时调取数据,这为深入开展鲮分子标记辅助的遗传育种、种群遗传学和资源评估等研究提供了丰富的标记资源。     

Heat shock protein 70 expression in different tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) following heat stress

Members of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) are highly conserved proteins of about 70 kDa and play important roles in protein folding. Levels of these proteins increase when cells are under stress. Environmental temperature influences both the basal and induced levels of HSPs. However, studies on HSPs in fishes from a tropical country such as India are lacking. In the present study, Indian major carp (IMC) Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) acclimatized at 25±2°C had high levels of HSP70, viz., 1.2–1.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in kidney and gill and 4.2–5.3 ng μg^?1 total protein in liver and brain tissues, indicating the presence of biochemically significant levels of stress. However, maintenance of acclimatized fish at 17°C for up to 48 h did not lead to a significant decrease in stress protein levels. A heat shock at 37°C for up to 48 h resulted in only two to threefold increase in HSP70 levels in these organs. Although the increase in HSP70 levels was apparent from the first hour of heat stress in all these tissues, the increase was significant from the second hour in the brain, the sixth hour in liver and kidney and the 20th hour in the gills.