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1.
为了研究麦冬须根中的化学成分,本研究采用大孔吸附树脂、ODS和Sephadex LH-20多种柱色谱技术对麦冬须根乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取物进行分离纯化;通过波谱数据与理化性质分析并结合文献进行化合物结构鉴定。从麦冬须根的正丁醇萃取物中分离得到10个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为5-甲氧基-6-甲基-7-羟基-8-醛基-3S-(3', 4' -亚甲二氧基苯)-4-二氢色原酮(1)、甲基麦冬黄烷酮A(2)、甲基麦冬黄烷酮B(3)、大黄素(4)、肥牛木素(5)、E-对羟基桂皮酸(6)、Z-对羟基桂皮酸(7)、4-羟基苯甲酸(8)、25R-spirost-5-ene-1β, 3β-diol 1-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside](9)和β-谷甾醇(10)。其中化合物1为新的高异黄酮类化合物,命名为麦冬黄烷酮D',化合物5和7为首次从百合科植物中分离得到,化合物9为首次从该植物中分离得到。  相似文献   
2.
一例日本囊对虾暴发性死亡的病原分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了阐明山东省潍坊市一对虾养殖场发生日本囊对虾暴发性死亡的原因,采用分子生物学检测方法,对发病对虾进行了白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)、桃拉综合征病毒(Taura syndrome virus,TSV)、黄头病毒(yellow head virus,YHV)、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHHNV)、传染性肌肉坏死病毒(infectious myonecrosis virus,IMNV)、偷死野田村病毒(covert mortality nodavirus,CMNV)及急性肝胰腺坏死病(acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease,AHPND)7种病原的检测,且对发病对虾进行了常规组织病理学观察。同时采用16S r DNA细菌鉴定方法及浸泡回接感染实验对分离自发病对虾体内的可疑病原菌进行了分子鉴定及毒力测试。结果显示,发病对虾样品核酸检测呈现WSSV强阳性,IHHNV和CMNV为弱阳性,其他4种病原为阴性。组织病理学观察发现,在对虾的胃、鳃等上皮组织中存在WSSV包涵体,头部肌肉纤维出现离散。对分离编号为2901、2902、2903的3株优势可疑病原菌鉴定结果显示,3株菌分别与印度格里蒙菌、交替单胞菌及溶藻弧菌相似,相似度分别为99%、99%及100%。攻毒结果显示,3株可疑病原菌的LC50分别为9.8×107、1.1×108与2.3×108 CFU/m L,各细菌毒力均较弱,非导致对虾出现暴发性死亡的病原。研究表明,导致本次日本囊对虾暴发性死亡的病因与混合感染病原WSSV、IHHNV、CMNV有关,其中WSSV感染是造成日本囊对虾暴发性死亡的主因,研究结果可为解析当前养殖日本囊对虾疾病暴发及其成因提供参考。  相似文献   
3.
We evaluated the effects of different proportions of dietary protein (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% protein) on the activity of digestive enzymes of normal and albino Apostichopus japonicus. The experimental diets were fed for 60 days, the optimal conditions for digestive enzyme activity in sea cucumbers were studied. The optimal temperature for protease was 29.3°C and the optimal pH was 1.8. The optimal temperature for amylase was 34.3°C and the optimal pH was 6.7. The optimal temperature for cellulase was 56°C and the optimal pH was 5.9. The activity of intestinal protease increased at first and then decreased as the proportion of dietary protein increased, reaching the maximum when the proportion of protein was 19.7%. The activity of protease in the intestine of normal sea cucumber was significantly lower than that of albino sea cucumber, and the activity of amylase was significantly higher than that of albino sea cucumber. This study is expected to provide a basis for further explaining the ecological difference of albino and normal A. japonicus.  相似文献   
4.
为探究饲料中添加花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,ARA)对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长性能、抗氧化能力及脂肪酸代谢的影响,选用初始体重为(10.78±0.06)g的刺参为研究对象,以鱼粉和发酵豆粕为主要蛋白质源,小麦粉为主要糖源制作基础饲料,通过在基础饲料中添加不同比例的ARA-纯化油,制成ARA含量分别为0.02%(对照组)、0.17%、0.36%、0.51%、0.59%和0.98%(占饲料干重)的6组等氮等脂的实验饲料,在室内循环水养殖系统进行为期56 d的养殖实验。结果表明,随着饲料中ARA含量的升高,刺参增重率(weight gain rate,WGR)呈先上升后降低的趋势,0.36%和0.51%ARA饲料组刺参WGR显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),刺参的特定生长率(specific growth rate,SGR)和饲料效率(feed efficiency,FE)与WGR具有相同的变化趋势;刺参体壁粗脂肪含量随饲料ARA含量升高呈先降低后升高的趋势,在0.51%ARA饲料组含量最低,且显著低于对照组与0.98%ARA饲料组(P0.05);同时,随饲料中ARA含量的提高,刺参体壁中ARA和n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids,n-6 PUFA)含量呈显著上升趋势,而二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenioc acid,EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,n-3 PUFA)含量显著降低(P0.05);抗氧化能力方面,0.36%和0.51%ARA饲料组刺参肠道中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和总抗氧化能力酶(total antioxidant capacity enzyme,T-AOC)活性均显著高于对照组与0.98%ARA饲料组(P0.05),而肠道丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量呈相反的变化趋势(P0.05);刺参肠道中脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-Co A carboxylase,ACC)活性随饲料ARA含量的升高呈显著降低趋势(P0.05);刺参肠道中肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶-1(carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1,CPT-1)活性随饲料ARA含量升高呈先升高后降低的趋势(P0.05)。研究表明,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加适量ARA(0.36%~0.51%)能够对刺参生长、抗氧化能力起到一定的促进作用,同时结果显示,饲料ARA含量会对刺参肠道内脂肪酸代谢产生一定的影响。  相似文献   
5.
A 70‐day experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different macroalgal meals and lipid sources on growth, body wall composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Two macroalgal meals including Sargassum muticum (SM) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL) and two lipid sources including fish oil (FO) and vegetable oil (VO) were formulated into four diets, i.e., S. muticum and fish oil (SF), S. muticum and vegetable oil (SV), G. lemaneiformis and fish oil (GF) and G. lemaneiformis and vegetable oil (GV). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of A. japonicus fed diets containing SM were significantly higher than those fed diets containing GL. No significant differences in SGR between the FO‐based and VO‐based groups were observed. Similar results were observed in the body wall lipid content. Most body wall FAs changed to resemble the dietary FA proportions because of the dietary effect. Concentrations of 20:4n‐6 of the SF and GF groups were significantly lower than the SV and GV groups, while levels of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. The n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios of the SF and GF groups were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. Moreover, the SF group had significantly higher 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 contents and n‐3/n‐6 PUFAs ratio than the GF group. These findings reveal that the SF diet can show beneficial effects on both growth performance and body wall n‐3 PUFAs content of A. japonicus.  相似文献   
6.
为探明遮阴对珠子参生长发育和光合生理特性的影响,对盆栽珠子参分别采取全光照、30%遮阴和50%遮阴3种处理。在珠子参生长90天后,考察各处理下珠子参植物学性状、生理指标和光合特性。结果表明,与全光照相比,30%遮阴处理下珠子参株高、主茎粗、果实数、根茎直径、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性增加,地下根茎节间长度和叶MDA含量减小。遮阴处理后珠子参净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)低于全光照处理,胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)则高于全光照处理。遮阴有效地缓解了珠子参的"午休"并降低了光抑制,其中,30%遮阴处理效果最显著,为珠子参的生长提供了较为适宜的环境。  相似文献   
7.
The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus), an important echinodermata, had high value in nutrition and medicine for its rich collagen, sulphated polysaccharide, glycosides and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The cDNA of the fatty acid desaturase gene in A. japonicus (AJFAD6) was cloned and was found to encode a desaturase with delta 6 FAD activity. Sequence analysis indicated that AJFAD6 included an open reading frame of 1392 bp, encoding 463 amino acids. AJFAD6 has all the conserved motifs found in other members of the FAD6 family, including an N‐terminal cytochrome b5 domain and three histidine‐rich regions. qRT‐PCR showed that AJFAD6 was expressed in all tissues tested during juvenile development and was mainly expressed in the respiratory tree at 150 days after adherence (150 days) and in the intestine at 100 days. Furthermore, AJFAD6 mRNA was also detected in the analysed adult tissues, with higher expression in the intestine and testis. Functional characterization of AJFAD6 in a recombinant yeast, Pichia pastoris, showed that AJFAD6 could catalyse exogenous linoleic acid (LA) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA) to produce γ‐linoleic acid (GLA) and stearidonic acid (STA), respectively, at conversion rates of 11.1% for LA to GLA and 3.4% for ALA to STA. Our results suggested that the biosynthetic pathway of PUFA existed in the sea cucumber, but endogenous production of eicosapentaenoic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from either LA or ALA precursor appeared to be limited.  相似文献   
8.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.  相似文献   
9.
In order to understand the effects of seasonal change on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond, A. japonicus with body weight of 12.2 ± 4.5 g (sample A) and 32.6 ± 7.1 g (sample B), respectively, were collected monthly and randomly from a typical pond during a year cycle and employed for the evaluation of immunocompetence. Simultaneously, the environmental factors in the pond including water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a handheld multiparameter meter. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coelomic fluid were selected for the evaluation of A. japonicus immunocompetence and determined using biochemical methods. The results showed that in both samples, the activities of all determined enzymes had small values in winter and early spring, and LYZ, CAT and MPO activities also presented small values in summer, suggesting that pond‐cultured A. japonicus underwent immunosuppression twice during a year cycle, and the immunosuppression occurred in winter and early spring was more severe than that occurred in summer. In addition, most of the determined enzymes showed different variations between the two samples, and had significantly negative correlation with protein concentration, which was significantly and negatively correlated with water temperature, revealing that body weight and water temperature might have crucial effects on the immunity of A. japonicus cultured in pond.  相似文献   
10.
利用核糖体DNA第一内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer 1, ITS1)序列,对中国大连(CD)、朝鲜罗津( KN)和俄罗斯海参崴( RV)仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus 3个群体的遗传结构进行分析。结果表明:经PCR扩增、克隆测序,获得长度为517~519 bp、524 bp两种类型的ITS1核苷酸序列,平均G+C含量(64.5%)显著高于A+T含量(35.5%);在仿刺参30个个体61条序列中共检测到49个变异位点,多态位点比例为9.33%,其中有4个简约信息位点,共有40种基因型,群体共享基因型为2个;遗传多样性分析表明,3个群体的遗传多样性丰富;分子方差分析显示,88.65%的变异来自于群体内部,群体间遗传分化较弱或中度分化;根据群体间遗传距离进行的聚类分析发现, KN群体与RV群体的亲缘关系较近, CD群体与KN、 RV群体的亲缘关系较远。  相似文献   
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