Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

Processing traits and digestibility of extruded dog foods with soy protein concentrate

Soya bean protein concentrate (SPC) with two particle sizes were evaluated on extrusion parameters, kibble formation, digestibility and palatability of dog foods. Eight diets were extruded: PBM—control diet based on poultry by‐product meal (PBM); GM—a diet in which corn gluten meal (GM) replaced 45% of the diet protein; cSPC15%, cSPC30% and cSPC45%—diets in which SPC of coarse particle size (600 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein; and sSPC15%, sSPC30% and sSPC45%—diets in which SPC of small particle size (200 μm) replaced 15%, 30% and 45% of the diet protein. The digestibility of nutrients was evaluated for the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, using six dogs per food. The PBM, GM and cSPC45% diets were compared for palatability. Data were submitted for analysis of variance, and the means were compared by polynomial contrasts or Tukey's test (p < .05). The cSPC increased the specific mechanical energy (SME) application, extrusion temperature and pressure linearly, resulting in lower kibble density and higher expansion and starch gelatinization (SG) (p < .01). When comparing the PBM, GM, cSPC45% and sSPC45% diets, higher SME, extrusion temperature and pressure, SG and kibble expansion were verified for the cSPC45% diet (p < .05). The DM, fat and crude protein digestibility were similar among diets. Faecal pH, ammonia and lactate did not differ, demonstrating that the removal of oligosaccharides and soluble non‐starch polysaccharides of SPC produces an ingredient with mostly non‐fermentable fibre. Dogs preferred the PBM to the GM diet (p < .05), but consumed the PBM and cSPC45% foods equally. In conclusion, SPC exhibited good extrusion functionality, favouring kibble expansion and SG, with high digestibility, similar to that of PBM. The removal of soluble compounds from soya beans resulted in an ingredient with low fermentable fibre content, which did not alter faecal formation or characteristics.     

施钾改善木薯农艺性状及淀粉组分

以2个木薯品种’SC205’和’SC124’为研究对象,设置不施钾(K0,K2O 0 kg/hm²)、低钾(K50,K2O 50 kg/hm²)、中钾(K100,K2O 100 kg/hm²)和高钾(K200,K2O 200 kg/hm²)4个施钾量处理,测定收获期木薯的农艺性状、鲜薯产量及其构成指标、可溶性糖组分含量、淀粉组分含量等指标。结果表明:(1)与不施钾相比,施钾量达100kg/hm²以上时,能显著提高木薯株高、茎径、单条薯重;施钾量达50 kg/hm²以上时,能显著提高鲜薯产量,其中’SC205’和’SC124’的鲜薯产量增幅分别达59.2%～131.7%和51.4%～127.9%,在施钾量(K₂O)为100 kg/hm²时鲜薯产量达到最大值;(2)施钾量对不同组织可溶性糖组分含量及总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量均有显著影响;品种与施钾量间交互作用对蔗糖含量具有显著影响,对其他可溶性糖组分及淀粉各组分均无显...     

4种植物叶片浸提液成分分析及其对珊瑚樱种子萌发的影响

模拟自然环境下的化感作用,选取珊瑚樱和同一生境下生长的其他3种有毒植物叶片为材料,采用室内监测法,应用蒽酮比色法、气相色谱−质谱联用技术测定浸提液可溶性糖含量和乙酸乙酯萃取物组成成分,分析不同浓度珊瑚樱、常春藤、野蓟和飞机草叶片水浸提液对珊瑚樱种子萌发的影响。结果表明：不同浓度的4种植物浸提液处理对珊瑚樱种子萌发具抑制作用,均降低珊瑚樱种子的各项萌发指标,以0.2 g/mL常春藤水浸提液化感抑制效应最大为−20.52,综合发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数与CK差异显著;不同浓度的4种植物浸提液可溶性糖含量均随浸提液浓度的增加而升高,0.2 g/mL常春藤水浸提液可溶性糖含量最高为（1.53 ± 0.02）mg/g,随着可溶性糖含量增加,其对种子萌发抑制效果越明显。以新植二烯为主的烯烃类物质是珊瑚樱和常春藤的优势组分,分别占总量的37.94%、78.7%;以大牛儿烯D为主的烯烃类物质是野蓟的优势组分,占总量的52.94%;以5−异亚丙基−4,6−二甲基−3,6,8−壬三烯−2−醇为主的醇类物质是飞机草浸提液的优势组分,占总量的63.28%。4种有毒植物水浸提液随浓度的增加其抑制作用增强,相关性分析表明可溶性糖是浸提液中抑制珊瑚樱种子萌发的主要因素。     

酶法提取豆渣中水溶性膳食纤维工艺研究

以大豆分离蛋白质时所产生的废豆渣为原料,采用酶法提取豆渣中水溶性膳食纤维,以豆渣水溶性膳食纤维得率为指标,考察纤维素酶添加量、溶液p H、酶解次数、酶解温度和酶解时间5个因素,通过单因素试验与均匀设计,确定了制备水溶性膳食纤维的最佳酶解条件,纤维素酶添加量为原料的2%,p H 4.5,酶解温度为51℃,酶解时间为2.0 h。在最佳条件下,水溶性膳食纤维得率可达11.48%,该结果可为豆渣中制备水溶性膳食纤维酶的选择和应用提供参考。     

微囊藻毒素-LR对生菜非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响

【目的】研究低质量浓度微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）慢性暴露对生菜（Lactuca sativa）叶片及根系非结构性碳水化合物代谢的影响,为富营养化水体在生菜灌溉中的应用提供理论指导。【方法】以散叶生菜为试验材料,采用土培试验方法,设置不同质量浓度（0（对照组）,1,5,10,30 μg/L）MC-LR的水溶液灌溉生菜30 d,通过分析生菜叶片及根系中可溶性糖（葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖）及淀粉含量、蔗糖和淀粉代谢相关酶活性的变化,探讨生菜非结构性碳水化合物代谢对MC-LR慢性暴露的响应。【结果】10和30 μg/L MC-LR组生菜对MC-LR的富集系数较5 μg/L MC-LR组分别显著上升10.85%和17.83%（P＜0.05）,而对MC-LR的转运系数分别显著下降17.46%和13.85%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,1 μg/L MC-LR组生菜净光合速率显著提高了9.17%（P＜0.05）,叶片中果糖含量及根系中葡萄糖含量和淀粉酶（AMS）活性分别显著增加了52.71%,19.13%和37.01%（P＜0.05）;5,10和30 μg/L MC-LR组生菜净光合速率提高,但差异不显著（P＞0.05）,叶片和根系中葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量均显著增加（P＜0.05）,叶片中性转化酶（NI）活性分别显著降低了27.10%,38.01%和37.29%（P＜0.05）,淀粉合成酶活性分别显著增加20.92%,24.57%和30.28%（P＜0.05）,根系蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）和AMS活性均显著增加（P＜0.05）。【结论】1 μg/L MC-LR水溶液灌溉对生菜叶片和根系中非结构性碳水化合物的分布和代谢影响较弱;而5～30 μg/L MC-LR水溶液灌溉通过促进生菜根系淀粉分解和蔗糖代谢活性,维持体内较高浓度的可溶性糖,从而提高生菜的抗逆性。     

模拟城市SO2污染对晚松生理特性的影响

以2年生晚松盆栽苗为供试材料,从抗大气环境中SO₂污染方面对晚松的抗逆能力进行了定量评价,为晚松的园林应用提供理论依据。研究表明,晚松叶绿素a、b对模拟SO₂污染反应敏感,叶绿素b所受伤害大于叶绿素a,类胡萝卜素较不敏感。过氧化物酶活性的提高有助于减轻膜脂过氧化造成的伤害,从而使其在SO₂污染胁迫较轻(10 mmol/L)时免受伤害。     

山药不同处理方式的保存效果

运用涂抹草木灰、石蜡及自然干燥、吹风机干燥等方法对山药茎段切口进行处理,研究不同切口处理方式对山药外观及品质的影响;比较不同浓度壳聚糖与15%柠檬酸组合对切片的保鲜影响,进行山药茎段切口处理方法及切片表面处理方法的筛选。结果表明:室温下涂抹草木灰对鲜切山药茎段的贮藏效果最好;4℃条件下,15%柠檬酸+0.5%壳聚糖处理对山药切片的保鲜效果最好。     

夏训对优秀皮划艇运动员铁调素等铁营养状况以及IL-6的影响

目的：探讨夏训对优秀运动员铁调素等铁营养状况以及IL-6的影响。方法：广东省优秀皮划艇运动员26人(男15人，女11人)参加测试，调查夏训前和夏训后血红蛋白、铁调素、可溶性转铁蛋白受体、血清铁蛋白、可溶性转铁蛋白受体/log铁蛋白、血清铁、总铁结合力、转铁蛋白饱和度以及白介素6变化情况。结果：夏训后，男运动员组铁调素和可溶性转铁蛋白受体极显著上升(P<0.01)、血清铁蛋白极显著下降(P<0.01)，可溶性转铁蛋白受体/log铁蛋白显著上升(P<0.05)，总铁结合力显著下降(P<0.05)，白介素6极显著上升(P<0.01)。女运动员组血红蛋白显著降低(P<0.05)，铁调素和可溶性转铁蛋白受体极显著上升(P<0.01)，血清铁蛋白极显著下降(P<0.01)，可溶性转铁蛋白受体/log铁蛋白极显著上升(P<0.01)，白介素6极显著上升(P<0.01)。结论：夏训可引起运动员炎症因子升高、铁调素升高，导致功能铁不足；铁调素介导的铁代谢紊乱可能是运动性低血色素发生的重要原因。     

Effects of Supplemental Complex Water Soluble Vitamin on Production Performance,Blood Biochemical Parameters and Oxidation Resistance of Dairy Cows

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplemental complex water soluble vitamins on production performance, blood biochemical parameters and oxidative resistance of dairy cows in spring and summer.The experiment was designed by 2×2 factorial randomized blocks design.Eighty healthy dairy cows with similar parity and body weight were randomly divided to four groups, with 7 days of adaptation and 70 d experimental phase.The dairy cows in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in spring.The dairy cows in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in summer.The results showed that the ADFI and daily milk yield of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin in spring were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The ADFI of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin was significantly higher in summer (P<0.05) and daily milk yield were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The butterfat rate was extremely significantly increased and SCC was extremely significantly decreased in spring and summer (P<0.01);Supplementation of water soluble vitamin was also significantly increased LYM (P<0.05).In summer, T-AOC, T-SOD were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), and TP, CK, LDH, TP, HDL and ALB were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) by water soluble vitamin supplementation than that of control group.In conclusion, complex water soluble vitamins could increase the production performance and non-specific immune function, improve the oxidative resistance and relieved the heat stress of the dairy cows.