基于表型多样性构建向日葵核心种质

为鉴定评价我国向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）种质资源在南方地区的表现，筛选构建向日葵核心种质，以422份向日葵种质为材料，在进行2年鉴定观察的基础上，采用描述性统计、相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对11个表型农艺性状进行分析评价。结果表明，原始群体的这些农艺性状具有较大的变异幅度，其变异系数（CV）为3.60%~83.32%，平均变异系数为20.93%，其中分枝株率（0%~62.5%）、单株粒重（9.70~232.35 g）、百粒重（4.60~14.92 g）、叶片数（14.40~48.38个）和株高（103.75~260.00 cm）变异幅度较大；性状间表现出显著的相关性，主成分分析表明，影响性状的4个主要成分解释了总方差的71.72%。采用QGAstation 2.0软件构建了72组核心种质候选群体，并根据均值差异百分数（MD）、方差差异百分率（VD），极差符合率（CR）和变异系数百分率（VR），获得组获得1组包含84份材料的最佳核心种质群体。聚类分析将84份核心资源分为5大类，与原群体相比，所选核心种质均值无显著差异，方差显著提高，能最大限度代表原始油葵种质资源保存和利用。     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

Establishment and application of an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans

In order to screen the aroma characteristics of soybean,a new method was established which can quickly quantify the content of 2-acetyl-1pyrroline (2-AP),an important compound related to soybean aroma,using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Based on peak profile,total peak area and retention time as test indexes,an accurate identification method for fragrant soybeans was established.The optimum parameters of the protocol consisted of column temperature70°C,sample injector temperature 180°C,optimum extraction alcohol content 1 m L,Na Cl content 0.1 g,ultrasonication time10 min,and extraction time 1 h,which were established by using the orthogonal test of single factors and three factors with four levels (L_9(3)~4).2-AP content of leaves had significant correlations with seeds,which were easier to measure.The protocol was simple and easy to carry out,consumed only small amounts of reagents,and provided accurate and reliable results with good reproducibility.A total of 101 soybean genotypes from different geographical sources were analyzed using this protocol.The results showed that the average content of 2-AP was 0.29 mg L~(–1),ranging from 0.094 to 1.816 mg L~(–1),and the genetic diversity index was 0.54.Among all genotypes-tested,they were classified into three grades,including seven elite genotypes identified as"grade one fragrant soybeans",which were Zhonglong 608,Heinong 88,Ha13-2958,Hongmiandou,Heinong 82,Huangmaodou,and Jiyu 21.These results provide both an identification technique and several elite aroma genotypes for gene discovery and good quality breeding in soybean.     

固原鸡品种选育和杂交改良的基本思路和关键措施

为充分发挥固原鸡品种的遗传潜力和杂种优势,推进地方鸡品种的开发利用,本文总结了一些蛋鸡和肉鸡的选育方法,结合传统育种和基因组水平选育的技术方法,以及目前固原鸡生产性能和种群开发利用现状,提出对固原鸡选育提高和杂交改良的思路和建议。     

潮汕地区林木种质资源调查与研究

根据野外调查和相关资料整理,从园林植物资源、外来木本植物资源和珍稀植物保护资源三个方面对潮汕地区林木种质资源的基本情况进行分析。结果表明:潮汕地区林木种质资源十分丰富,共有园林植物82科237属429种,其中裸子植物6科16属30种,被子植物76科221属399种。外来木本植物有558种,隶属于98科286属。珍稀濒危保护植物22种,隶属于17科18属。潮汕地区木本植物被列入《国家重点保护野生植物名录：第1批》的植物有14种。《国家重点保护野生植物名录：第2批》所收录的潮汕地区木本植物有8种。     

农田边界植物多样性与生态服务功能研究进展

农业集约化和城市化导致农业景观重要生境发生巨大变化,农田野生动植物数量下降。农田边界作为农业景观中重要的组成部分,其丰富的物种组成,不仅具有重要的生态功能,也具有重要的景观价值。本研究对农业生态系统农田边界植物多样性进行阐述,论述了影响农田边界植物多样性的影响因素和生态服务功能。综述研究显示,农田边界具有类型多样性、物种多样性、植物功能类型多样性及时空结构多样性特征;其影响因素主要包括农田边界结构、农田边界管理、周边土地利用影响以及景观结构特征的影响4个方面;农田边界生态功能包括生产、环境保护、野生动植物保护和景观美学功能等;最后总结了不同类型农田边界生态植被营建模式与优化途径,对中国农田边界植被管护提出了一些建议。     

四川省辣椒种质资源的辣椒素含量评价

为了解四川省辣椒资源的辣椒素含量分布,为辣椒资源分类、鉴定、保存和育种提供参考,采用GB/T 21266—2007的方法对四川省83份辣椒种质资源的辣椒素含量和果形进行研究。结果表明:(1)辣椒外形和辣椒素含量无显著相关性;(2)83份参试材料的辣椒素含量差异显著,辣椒素含量最高为22.61 g/kg,最低仅为0.16 g/kg,平均含量2.20 g/kg;(3)通过类平均法将83份辣椒种质资源按照辣椒素含量聚为5类,分别为极高、高、普通、低、极低,普通和极低类群包含的种质最多,分别为18、48份,而极高和高包含的种质最少,分别为2、8份。本研究明确了一批四川辣椒种质的辣椒素含量,为辣椒种质资源的研究利用提供了理论依据。     

中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究(Ⅰ)——榛种质资源研究

原产中国的榛属植物有8个种和2个变种,约占全世界种数的一半。榛子是传统的木本粮油树种,中国先民自古以来就采集野生榛子食用。中国榛属植物种质资源分布经纬跨度较大(24°31'~51°42'N、85°55'~132°12'E),从"东北—华北山区、秦岭和甘肃南部及河南—华中—云贵高原"呈斜带状,海拔从100~4 000 m都有分布,行政地域范围涉及25个省(自治区、直辖市)。通过地理分布生态适应性研究,建立了榛属植物分布种数与气候因子间的回归方程:Y=11.883-0.051X_1+0.131X_2-0.003X_4-0.004X_5-0.001X_6+0.051X_8。初步提出了榛属植物资源描述与评价体系,开展了榛坚果、花粉形态及雄花序等形态多样性研究,并且在分子水平上对榛属植物遗传多样性和系统进化进行了研究,明确了川榛应该作为一个独立的种,平榛与欧洲榛尽管地理位置较远,但是遗传距离较近,这既说明了平榛和欧洲榛杂交成功的原因,同时也为进一步研究榛树植物地理距离和遗传距离的不一致性提出了新的课题。     

福建南平市竹产业标准体系实施、评价与改进建议

推动竹产业高质量发展，标准化工作任重道远，推进标准体系有效实施、开展标准体系评价、动态优化标准体系必不可少。本文以南平市竹产业为例，探索竹产业标准体系实施、评价与改进的方法，以期逐步建立福建省竹产业标准体系实施与评价体系。