基于恒压变流控制的变量喷雾试验研究

针对变量喷雾过程中引起压力变化的问题,为研究其中压力稳定性现象,利用PID恒压控制和PWM变流控制相结合的方法,建立了恒压变流喷雾试验台。在试验台上进行恒压控制试验、喷雾角测量和雾量分布测量试验,从而验证所搭建的恒压变流喷雾装置的恒压稳定性。结果表明:在喷雾流量发生变化时,试验装置能使喷头的喷雾角和雾量分布稳定在固定范围内。     

四端法土壤电导率传感器恒流源设计与试验

土壤信息对于指导农业生产有着极为重要的作用，土壤电导率反映了土壤含水量、盐分、粘粒含量和类型等土壤信息，准确获取土壤电导率对于实现农业精细化生产意义重大。在各种土壤电导率测量方法中，四端法因其成本低、精度高、测量快速和操作简便而大量应用于实际测量；恒流源是四端法测量仪器的重要组成部分，其性能直接决定着测量仪器的精度以及测量范围。本文对比了3种恒流源对测量仪器测量性能的影响，发现采用Howland恒流源的四端法测量仪器高电导率测量能力强而低电导率测量范围较小，测量精度最高；采用改进型Howland恒流源的四端法测量仪器低电导率测量范围有所扩大，测量精度良好；采用基于差动放大器的恒流源的电导率仪低电导率测量范围最大，高电导率测量范围较优，测量精度良好。     

长江安庆段一头死亡长江江豚元素含量分析

针对2017年9月12日发现于长江安庆段的1头野外死亡长江江豚样本(AQJT20170912),采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定其脑、心脏、肝脏、肺、肾、胃、肠、睾丸、肌肉、皮肤10种组织器官中钾(K)、钙(Ca)、钠(Na)、镁(Mg)、钴(Co)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)共12种元素的含量,以期探究各元素在其组织器官中的累积特征。结果显示,该样本Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg在不同组织器官中表现出差异性累积特征,这与水生哺乳动物组织器官元素累积特征相似,在一定程度上反映出各元素在不同组织器官中特有的生理功能。对比分析发现,鲸类动物组织器官常量元素与微量元素的累积特征有一定规律,并不因环境条件的改变而呈显著差别,总体表现为NaKCaFeMgZnCuCo。此外,AQJT20170912各个组织器官中毒性元素Pb、As的含量均较高,这应与其栖息环境的元素背景有关,应予以关注。     

定量泵负载敏感系统卸荷压力冲击抑制研究

定量泵负载敏感系统在快速卸荷时容易出现压力冲击现象,对系统的可靠性和寿命产生较大危害。三通压力补偿阀是定量泵负载敏感系统中关键的调压元件,本文以三通压力补偿阀为切入点,建立定量泵负载敏感系统功率键合图模型,基于键合图模型推导系统的状态方程,建立Matlab动态仿真模型,探讨系统卸荷压力冲击的抑制方案。基于系统仿真模型,首先对系统卸荷压力冲击的仿真与试验进行对比,验证了仿真模型的正确性;然后,针对三通压力补偿阀的系统压力腔阻尼、阀芯直径、Ls腔阻尼、阀口锥角等关键参数,对卸荷压力冲击影响规律进行仿真;最后,基于关键参数对卸荷压力冲击影响规律的分析,提出了一种"小阀芯、双阀口"型三通压力补偿阀结构优化方案,并对其卸压冲击抑制效果进行了仿真和试验。结果表明,该方案可以有效抑制卸荷压力冲击,优化后系统卸压冲击压差比原系统降低了89%,卸荷压力降低了20%,进一步实现了节能。     

Influence of ketamine or xylazine supplementation on isoflurane anaesthetized horses‐ a controlled clinical trial

ObjectivesTo determine the influence of ketamine or xylazine constant rate infusions on isoflurane requirements, cardiovascular parameters and quality of anaesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery.Study designProspective, matched paired clinical trial.AnimalsFifty four adult Warmblood horses.MethodsAfter premedication with acepromazine, xylazine and butorphanol, anaesthesia was induced with ketamine-midazolam and maintained with isoflurane alone (I), isoflurane with either 1 mg kg⁻¹ hour⁻¹ ketamine (IK) or same dose of xylazine (IX). End tidal concentration of isoflurane (Fe’Iso) was adjusted by the same anaesthetist in all horses according to a scoring system. Dobutamine was infused to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) =70 mmHg. Arterial blood gases, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, MAP and cardiac output (lithium dilution) were measured. Groups I and IK received xylazine before recovery. Recovery quality was scored.ResultsMean ± SD averaged Fe’Iso (volume%) was significantly lower in IX (0.95 ± 0.07) and IK (0.97 ± 0.08) than in I (1.16 ± 0.13). In group IX, HR was significantly lower and averaged MAP (90 ± 13 mmHg) significantly higher than in groups I (71 ± 7 mmHg) and IK (76 ± 7 mm Hg). Differences in other cardiopulmonary variables did not reach statistical significance. All horses recovered well with best score in group IX.ConclusionsBoth CRIs of xylazine and of ketamine resulted in pronounced reduction of isoflurane requirements and blood pressure support based on routinely monitored parameters. Cardiac output appeared well maintained in all three protocols, but lithium dilution induced errors mean the results are untrustworthy. The work requires repetition with another mode of measurement of cardiac output.Clinical relevanceAll three protocols provided good clinical anaesthesia with clinically acceptable cardiovascular effects.     

分室供暖系统中"分室温度控制"和"温度自控"

分户热计量对采暖系统的要求是:系统的可调节、可关闭及温度控制,以及系统的调控及其手动调节,并根据供热系统选择有效的调节阀.     

Experimental verification of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Lasioderma serricorne</Emphasis> (F.) pupa development threshold previously defined using the thermal constant equation K=D(T−t)

This work verifies the development threshold of the pupal stage of L. serricorne whose larva fed exclusively on dried tobacco leaves. In previous work, using the thermal constant equation, this threshold was found to be 13.8 °C and the thermal constant to range from 89.05 to 94.05 day-degrees (°C). Lower temperatures, 10.5±0.5, 11.5±0.5 and 12.5±0.5 °C, close to this threshold, were tested in the absence of light and at a relative humidity of 65±3% . It was found that no development of either larva or pupa exists below this threshold