外源性谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对早期断奶仔猪肠粘膜形态、结构和小肠吸收功能及骨骼肌中DNA、RNA浓度的影响

74头28日龄健康二元杂交断奶仔猪分成3组，用于研究外源性谷氨酰胺（glutamine,Gln)和谷氨酰（glutamate, Glu)对断奶仔猪小肠粘膜形态，结构和功能及骨骼肌中DNA，RNA合成的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比，添加1%谷氨酰胺或1%谷氨酸可防止断奶后1周内空肠绒毛萎缩，减少断奶后2周内空肠固有膜内未成熟细胞数；显著改善断奶后1周内小肠吸收功能，并促进肌肉中RNA合成。这些结果为利用Gln、Glu缓解仔猪断奶应激，改善生产性能提供了实验基础。     

航天辣椒新品种比较试验

为选育优良的辣椒品种,以红椒1号为对照,比较了红椒1号航天诱变得到的桂航1号、2号、3号品种的熟性、果实形状、果实品质、抗病性以及产量。试验结果表明,桂航1号发挥了中晚熟品种产量高和品质好的栽培优势,其辣椒素含量比红椒1号提高了近20倍;桂航2号表现了极早熟、产量较高、VC含量高等特点,熟性比红椒1号提早了10 d以上;桂航3号虽然产量稍低,但作为线形辣椒,可丰富本地线椒品种结构。     

Cytogenetic analysis of a long-term Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. cell suspension culture

In vitro culturing of plant cells can cause changes in karyotype. Chromosome variations following long-term propagation in suspension culture of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. were studied by routine staining and C-banding. The culture was highly heterogeneous with respect to the number and structure of chromosomes. The modal class cells had a lower chromosome number than T. timopheevii (2n= 28). This data was confirmed by cytophotometric analysis of nuclear-DNA content. Frequencies of chromosome loss varied for different homoeologous groups. A^t genome chromosomes tended to be preferentially eliminated in cells of different ploidy levels. Deletions, insertions, translocations, telocentric chromosomes, isochromosomes and dicentrics and their derivatives were observed in cultured cells. Chromosomes of various homoeologous groups differed in the frequencies and spectra of re—arrangements, but most aberrations occurred in the G-genome chromosomes. In vitro chromosome modifications did not correspond to in vivo variation. Presumably, this difference was caused by differences in the mechanisms of adaptation to the environment at the levels of the cell and the whole organism. G-genome chromosomes were more frequently involved in this process, both in vivo and in vitro.     

Polymorphism of 14α-demethylase Gene (CYP51) in the Cereal Eyespot Fungi Tapesia acuformis and Tapesia yallundae

Cereal eyespot fungi Tapesia acuformis and Tapesia yallundae are closely related species which show different behaviours upon treatment with sterol 14-demethylase inhibitors (DMIs). T. acuformis is naturally resistant to DMIs belonging to the triazole family and susceptible to the imidazole ones, whilst T. yallundae is sensitive to both inhibitors. Cloning of the target enzyme gene, CYP51, from the two species revealed an important polymorphism between them. Further sequencing of CYP51 from sixteen T. acuformis and eleven T. yallundae strains with different phenotypes with regards to resistance to DMIs confirmed that at least eleven variations are species related. Among them, a conserved phenylalanine residue at position 180, found both in T. yallundae and in all known CYP51 proteins from filamentous fungi and yeast, was replaced in T. acuformis by a leucine. Therefore, a leucine at 180 could be possibly involved in natural resistance of T. acuformis to triazoles. Other mutations were observed in some resistant strains, sometimes simultaneously, but in contrast to what was reported for other filamentous fungi, where a mutation at the 136 position of the CYP51 gene product seemed to correlate with resistance to DMIs, we did not find a clear relationship between a given mutation and a particular phenotype. This result suggests that resistance to DMIs could have a polygenic nature in Tapesia. We took advantage of species-related variations to develop a PCR-based assay allowing rapid and easy discrimination between field strains of the two species.     

real-time PCR将成为分子生物学研究的重要检测技术

近年来,real-tim e PCR技术作为一种敏感、快速、简便、重复性好的检测技术已广泛出现在生物学研究领域。real-tim e polym erase chain reaction(RT-PCR)是Kary M ullis在二十世纪八十年代在PCR的基础上发展革新的一项新技术,它能使小量DN A片段扩增一百万倍。这项技术推动了分子生物学技术的发展,简便的操作不仅可应用于普通实验,还可用于人类基因组工程。根据2003年调查的406位科学工作者,48%的研究人员近年来正在使用这项技术。随着使用这项技术的人数增多,各类相关的论文也相继增多。real-tim e PCR将会影响PCR技术的发展,并…     

攀杂丝瓜1号新品种选育

攀杂丝瓜1号是以从重庆九龙坡丝瓜中选育的S8-6自交系为母本，以选自上海香丝瓜的自交系S4—3为父本。培育的早熟、丰产杂一代新品种，该品种植株生长势、分枝性强，坐果率高，果实长圆柱形，匀称，皮色深绿，表皮皱，瓜纵径26．5cm，横径5．5cm，单瓜质量285．8g，商品性好，味清甜，品质优，667m^2产量2918．5kg。     

Simple method for synthesizing phenolicβ-O-4 dilignols

A modified synthetic method for phenolic-O-4 lignin substructure model dimers was developed involving protection of the phenolic hydroxyl group of acetophenons with benzoyl chloride, bromination with 4-dimethylaminopyridiniumbromide perbromide, condensation with phenols in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether, condensation with paraformaldehyde, reduction with NaBH₄ and debenzoylation. This method results in shorter reaction times and increasing yields without the application of strict anhydrous and drastic conditions or chloric solvents. This alternative route could be applied to the-O-4 dilignol syntheses of four combinations of guaiacyl and syringyl derivatives.     

Effect of dosage and application mode of l‐carnitine on plasma lipid and egg‐yolk cholesterol of turkeys,hatchability of eggs and post‐hatch growth of their offsprings

The effect of dosage and application mode of l ‐carnitine on plasma lipid and egg‐yolk cholesterol of breeder turkeys, hatchability of eggs and post‐hatch growth response was investigated using 180 breeder hens. The hens were assigned to six dietary treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangements of two application modes of l ‐carnitine (diet and drinking water) supplemented at 0, 50 and 100 ppm (mg/kg or mg/l) levels, respectively. Each treatment was replicated five times with six hens per replicate. Dietary inclusion of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine showed the lowest (p < 0.01) plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low‐density lipoprotein concentration (LDL). Breeder hens offered 50 ppm l ‐carnitine with no regard to application mode recorded the highest (p < 0.01) plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL). Hens offered 50 and 100 ppm l ‐carnitine irrespective of application mode also showed reduced (p < 0.01) egg‐yolk TC concentration at 32 weeks of age. Dietary supplementation of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine for breeder turkeys recorded the lowest (p < 0.01) egg‐yolk triglyceride (TG) at 40 weeks of age. Hens offered 50 ppm l ‐carnitine irrespective of application mode recorded the highest (p < 0.05) hen‐day egg production. Incidence of dead‐in‐shell also reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing dosage of l ‐carnitine. Dietary supplementation of 50 ppm and oral application in drinking water of 100 ppm l ‐carnitine for breeder turkeys resulted in highest (p < 0.05) egg fertility. Offsprings from breeder hens fed diets supplemented with l ‐carnitine recorded no post‐hatch mortality. Highest (p < 0.05) post‐hatch final live weight and weight gain was obtained with poults obtained from hens fed diet supplemented with 50 ppm l ‐carnitine. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 50 ppm l ‐carnitine for turkey hens showed improved serum lipid profile, egg fertility, reduced dead‐in‐shell, egg‐yolk cholesterol and resulted in improved post‐hatch growth performance.     

蓖麻内源乙烯释放率与性型关系初步研究

为了探究内源乙烯与蓖麻性别的关系,以蓖麻雌性自交系 YC2-S 及其姊妹两性自交系 YC2-F 为材料, 用气相色谱法测定了不同时期叶片内源乙烯释放率的变化。 结果表明院从三叶期到开花期,雌性系内源乙烯释放率呈 倒野S冶型变化,即从三叶期的 137. 9 滋L/ kg 窑 h下降到五叶期的 17. 5 滋L/ kg 窑 h,然后缓慢上升,现蕾期达到 40. 9 滋L/ kg 窑 h,开 花期再降至 26. 9 滋L/ kg 窑 h;两性系呈野U冶型变化,即从三叶期的 149. 8 滋L/ kg 窑 h下降到五叶期的 18. 4 滋L/ kg 窑 h,然后持 续上升,到开花期达到 226. 3 滋L/ kg 窑 h。 二者在六叶期以前没有差异,六叶期后,前者先升后降,后者持续上升,现蕾期 差异显著、开花期差异极显著。 证明乙烯是蓖麻性型决定的关键因素之一。     

基于 VSM 的农机作业精益管理模式研究

我国农机作业正向社会化服务迈进、农机作业组织呈现数量增长快、服务方式多、服务能力和水平不断 提高的特点;但也存在由于服务组织结构不合理、管理不规范等因素造成的服务水平低、服务收益波动大等问题。 为 了规范农机作业过程管理、提高作业绩效、应用基于活性系统模型（VSM ）的组织设计方法、将多种精益管理手段和 方法引入农机作业服务管理中、构建了面向农机作业服务精益管理的活性系统模型。 案例研究结果表明、该模型可 用于指导我国农机作业服务组织实施精益管理的组织结构设计和运作诊断。