SiO2纳米颗粒对黄瓜“新唐山秋瓜”幼苗根系 解剖结构和气体交换的影响

硅是地壳内含量第二丰富的元素。近年来,人们开始探索硅的纳米材料在农业领域的运用。为更好地将二氧化硅纳米颗粒应用于园艺植物生产,以黄瓜栽培品种新唐山秋瓜(Cucumissativuscv."QiuguaofNew Tangshan")为材料,采用盆栽的方式研究不同施入量下(0、5、10和20m L)浓度为30%的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜根系解剖结构、根毛形成、黄瓜叶片光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数以及气体交换的影响。结果表明,二氧化硅纳米颗粒对黄瓜的根系解剖结构并没有显著的影响,但对根毛形成的影响较大,在每盆20m L二氧化硅溶液条件下的根毛密度最高。施入不同量的二氧化硅溶液对黄瓜叶片光合色素含量均有提高但并不明显,且在较低施入浓度下,光合作用机制得到一定的提高。黄瓜叶片的净光合速率随着二氧化硅施入量的增加逐渐增加,但施入量对蒸腾速率的影响不明显。综上,二氧化硅纳米颗粒通过促进根毛形成以及提高净光合速率能够提高植物的生长机理,进而促进植物生长和产量的提高,将其运用于农业生产及园艺作物生产上具有广阔前景。     

盐胁迫下2种樱桃叶片解剖结构的变化

为了筛选耐盐樱桃砧木，用于天津市周边轻度盐碱地区栽培，本试验通过徒手切片的方法，研究了两种樱桃砧木在盐胁迫下的叶片解剖结构变化。结果表明：在盐胁迫下，四川樱桃的叶片增厚了3.99%，大青叶的减少了2.68%；大青叶的表皮层细胞增厚了23.6%，四川樱桃的减少了3.84%；大青叶的角质层增厚3.57%，四川樱桃的减少了18.31%；四川樱桃的栅栏组织层变化不大，大青叶的减少了16.42%；四川樱桃的海绵组织层增厚了31.96%，大青叶的增厚了21.27%；四川樱桃的栅栏组织和海绵组织层厚度的比值变小、减少了29.17%，大青叶的减少了20.80%。盐胁迫使大青叶叶片表皮细胞层变厚，角质层加厚，栅栏组织层变薄，海绵组织层加厚，整个叶片变薄。盐胁迫使四川樱桃表皮细胞层变薄，角质层变薄，海绵组织层加厚，整个叶片变厚。从盐胁迫下的2种樱桃叶片结构的变化综合分析认为大青叶的耐盐性明显高于四川樱桃。     

5个油茶优良无性系光合及叶片解剖特征比较分析

为给进一步筛选高光效、优良的油茶无性系提供参考依据,选择5个油茶优良无性系(‘湘林’系列XL210、XL82、XL190、XL81、XL14)9年生植株,于2013年7月观测了其光合参数及叶片解剖特征。结果表明:净光合速率(Pn)的日变化曲线,XL14呈"单峰型",其他无性系均为"双峰型",不同无性系峰值出现的时间及峰值大小不完全相同,各无性系的Pn日均值从大到小依次为XL14XL81XL82XL210XL190,各无性系的单位面积产油量均值都随Pn值的增大而增大,Pn与叶绿素a、叶绿素(a+b)和叶绿素a/b之间均存在显著的正相关关系;5个无性系的叶片解剖特征值之间差异明显,栅栏组织/叶片厚度、栅栏组织/海绵组织的比值与Pn及单位面积产油量间均呈显著正相关。     

独立学院植物生产类专业植物形态解剖实验实践教改研究

对独立学院植物生产类专业的专业基础课植物形态解剖实验实践的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、考核手段等方面进行了较深入的分析,从培养独立学院学生理论结合实践的能力、解决实际问题的能力等方面提出了教改的内容与实施措施,并在学生中初步实验验证,效果良好。     

The roles of light and pericarp on seed dormancy and germination in feral Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)

The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish.     

Anatomical variation of arterial supply to the rabbit spleen

The rabbit, which is widely used as an experimental animal and is also popular as a companion animal, has a flat and elongated spleen with the longitudinal hilus running along its visceral surface. The spleen receives via the hilus an arterial supply that is essential for splenic nutrition and normal functioning. However, the distribution and variation of the arteries to the spleen have not been studied in detail. This study investigated anatomical variations of splenic arterial supply in 33 New Zealand White rabbits with a colored latex injection into arteries. We also examined whether the length of the spleen correlated with the number of the splenic branches of the splenic artery. The splenic artery always arose as the first independent branch of the celiac artery and ran along the splenic hilus to usually provide 6 (range, 3 to 10) splenic branches to the spleen. There was a moderate correlation (R=0.6) between the number of splenic branches and the longitudinal length of the spleen. The splenic branches often arose as a trunk or trunks in common with short gastric arteries. The number of common trunk(s) was usually 1 (range, 0 to 4). The data showed that the pattern and number of arterial branches to the spleen varied according to the individual animal, suggesting that such variations should be considered when performing experimental and veterinary surgical treatments in rabbits.