Spring Barley Responses to Row Spacing and Fungicide Triadimefon in Regions with a Short Crop-growing Season

Aspects of intensive management practices such as high-yielding cultivars, narrow-row spacings and fungicide treatments could potentially increase cereal yields in regions with a short crop-growing season and occasionally dry and hot weather. A field experiment was carried out at McGill University, Canada for three years (1987 to 1989) to test the effects of triadimefon (1-[4-chlorophenoxy]-3,3-dimethyl-1-[1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-2-butanone, or Bayleton, a trade name) fungicide (0 vs. 140 g a.i. ha⁻¹) and row spacing (10 vs. 20 cm) on the yield components, yield and other agronomic traits (spike emergence, days to maturity, leaf disease and plant height) of spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Cadette, Laurier and Leger. A cultivar by row spacing interaction resulted in a 11 to 13.5 % increase in grain yield due to narrow rows for Laurier in two out of the three years and up to 16 % for Leger in one year. Over the three years grain yields were on average increased 6 to 12 % due to use of the narrower row spacing. Fungicide application to barley at the early heading stage effectively controlled leaf diseases without influence on yield components or grain yield. Our results indicate that some components of intensive management such as narrow row spacing can be applicable in regions with a short crop-growing season.     

Effects of Ratio of Row Spacing to lntrarow Spacing on Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation and Utilization of Early and Late Rice

Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for the rational configuration of ratio of row spacing to intrarow spacing (RS/lS) of double-cropping rice. [Methods] With early rice ‘Ganxin 203’ ...     

Performance of various grapefruit (<Emphasis Type=\"Italic\">Citrus paradisi</Emphasis> Macf.) and pummelo (<Emphasis Type=\"Italic\">C. maxima</Emphasis> Merr.) cultivars under the dry tropic conditions of Mexico

Grapefruit growers in the tropics require information about existing and new citrus cultivars with high productivity potential. The objective of this study was to determine the growth, yield, and fruit quality performance of seven pigmented and four white grapefruit cultivars under the dry tropic conditions of Colima, Mexico. The trees were budded on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock and planted at a distance of 8 × 4 m. ‘Oroblanco’ and ‘Marsh Gardner’ white-fleshed grapefruit cultivars and ‘Chandler’, a pink-fleshed pummelo, were the largest trees with the greatest height (5.0–5.6 m), canopy diameter (6.2–6.3 m), trunk diameter (21.9–23.3 cm), and canopy volume (109–123 m³). Lower height (4.3–4.8 m) and canopy volume (73–96 m³), but with similar canopy diameter to the previously mentioned cultivars, were recorded for the remaining pigmented cultivars. ‘Chandler’ pummelo and four pigmented grapefruit cultivars (‘Shambar’, ‘Río Red’, ‘Ray Ruby’, and ‘Redblush #3’) had yearly productions of 34.8, 34.9, 34.1, 32.7, and 30.6 ton ha⁻¹, respectively. The most productive white grapefruit cultivar was ‘Marsh Gardner’ (30.5 ton ha⁻¹). Grapefruit cultivars having the largest fruit size showed a higher inverse relationship between fruit weight and yield than those with small fruit. Most genotypes had higher values of fruit weight, juice content, and maturity index than those required by the local market. The most promising grapefruit cultivars based on their acceptable growth, yield superior to 30 ton ha⁻¹, and acceptable fruit color were ‘Río Red’, ‘Shambar’, ‘Ray Ruby’, and ‘Redblush #3’.     

NON-DESTRUCTIVE SAMPLING FOR YIELD ESTIMATION

AIMThemostcommonmethodforas-sessingtotalbiomassisbydestructive1ysampling,i.e.cuttingdownrandomsam-ples,weighingthem,andextrapo1atingtheresultsfortheentirep1antation.Theesti-matewi1lgenerallybemoreaccuratewithalargersample,butenteringa3-5yearo1dplantationtocutdownshootsanddragthemouttobeweighed,isatime-con-sumingbusiness.Itisthereforenecessarytofindsomereliab1emeansofestimatingbiomassfromparameterswhichcanbeeas-ilymeasuredwhi1etheshootsarestillstanding.Amodelneedstobecreatedtoassessbiomassfirs…     

高产优质水稻新品种对比试验

引进辽宁省新育成的10个水稻新品种在营口地区进行丰产性、稳定性、品质及其它重要品种特性的鉴定评价,筛选出适合该地区大面积推广和试种的优良品种。试验结果表明:秋誉1号、盐丰616、丹粳优8号、盐丰818、09-1这5个品种在气候条件不利的情况下表现出产量高、抗性强、适应性强、品种优质的特点,在营口地区推广前景良好。     

Meeting demands for increased cereal production in China

Meeting demands for increased cereal production in China is a great challenge and this paper provides updated information on cereal production and the potential adaptation of cropping systems to climate change, as well as on progress in improving yield potential and developing molecular markers and GM cereals in China. Maize production and soybean imports are increasing significantly to meet the strong demand for feed by a rapidly growing livestock industry. Extension of the rice and maize growing seasons in northeastern China and improvement of the cropping system through delayed wheat planting have contributed to improving cereal productivity despite changing climatic conditions. Significant improvements in yield potential of rice, maize, and wheat have been achieved. Comparative genomics has been successfully used to develop and validate functional markers for processing quality traits in wheat, and also for developing new varieties. Although transgenic Bt rice and maize, and maize expressing phytase have been developed, their commercialization has not been officially permitted. International collaboration has contributed significantly to cereal production by providing germplasm and improved crop management practices. Full integration of applied molecular technologies into conventional breeding programs and promotion of lower-input technologies, will play a key role in increasing and sustaining future cereal production.     

稻菇套种的增产措施及其田间小气候变化的研究

采用室内试验与田间小区试验相结合,田间调查及生态因子测定与室内分析相结合的研究方法,研究了8个品种中熟稻和6类食用菌在水稻试验田的套种情况,分析了田间小气候的变化、光能利用率、节水增肥和生物防治效应,提出了配套措施。研究结果表明,食用菌菌袋采用34.00 cm×17.00 cm×0.04 cm聚乙烯袋,套种量为60 000袋/hm2为宜。按此套种量水稻达到合理密植,中后期合垄遮阴较好,可满足食用菌在下层对光照的需求,食用菌又可充分利用稻行空间,达到二者生态因子互补互利,协同提高经济效益。