烯效唑浸种对黄瓜的壮苗效应

研究不同浓度烯效唑浸种对黄瓜幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明,烯效唑可抑制黄瓜幼苗徒长,使株高降低,比叶重增加,根冠比和壮苗指数增大,叶绿素含量增加,根系活性增强,在形态上和生理上表现出显著的壮苗效应;烯效唑对黄瓜有极显著的增产作用,以20 mg·kg-1处理最佳,促进增产的主要原因是提高了单株结瓜数。     

烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间叶片衰老的效应

１９８９～１９９２年田间与盆栽试验，研究烯效唑对小麦成熟期间旗叶及下二叶等三片功能叶衰老的延缓作用和增产效果。研究表明：１．烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间功能叶片的衰老，表现在叶片细胞电解质渗漏率降低，超氧物歧化酶活性增高，丙二醛积累减少；２．烯效唑对离休旗叶片有保绿作用；于小麦齐穗期喷施２０～４０×１０－６，烯效唑药液７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，可提高小麦千粒重３～４ｇ，增产１２％～１６％。     

Influence of Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder on Soybean Growth,Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation after Flowering and Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to produce soybean stably with this system, since the growth of soybean plants is slower under shading by corn at the seedling stage, and it is compensated by accelerated growth after the symbiotic stage. Soybean plants show excessive vegetative growth due to more rain during the flowering stage, which results in fallen petals, fallen pods and lower yield. This study investigated whether seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg^–1 seed) suppresses excessive vegetative growth of soybean plants during the flowering stage and delays senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at the pod-setting stage. If such events are correlated with changes in photosynthesis, they may affect dry matter accumulation and seed yield in the relay stripping system. Uniconazole promoted biomass accumulation from 31 (R₃) to 61 (R₅) days after flowering (DAF) and seed yield. Seed treatment with uniconazole raised the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents. In contrast, uniconazole reduced leaf area index (LAI) from 1 DAF (R₁) to 46 DAF (R₄) with the increase in uniconazole concentration, whereas, uniconazole significantly increased LAI at 61 DAF, and the greatest promotion occurred at 2 mg kg^–1 treatment. The study clearly showed that uniconazole effectively suppressed excessive vegetative growth of soybean during flowering stage, delayed senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at pod-setting stage and induced higher yield, which were related to the changes in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and LAI in the relay strip intercropping system.     

初花期冷害对绿豆叶片生理的损伤及烯效唑的缓解效应

为探究初花期冷害及预喷施烯效唑(S3307)对绿豆(Vignaradiata)叶片生理代谢和产量的影响,以‘绿丰5号’和‘绿丰2号’为材料,盆栽条件下,初花期预喷施S3307,同时连续低温(平均15℃)处理5d并每天取样,对绿豆叶片活性氧类物质积累(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、保护酶活性变化、渗透调节物质含量和产量进行分析。结果表明,初花期冷害引起绿豆叶片过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量显著增加、超氧阴离子(O■)产生速率显著增加,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性显著提高,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量不同时期都有所增加,低温处理1～5d导致‘绿丰5号’单盆产量显著下降11.58%～46.27%,‘绿丰2号’显著下降12.74%～44.75%。S3307具有抵御初花期冷害的作用,低温条件下,预喷施S3307能有效增加绿豆叶片可溶性糖含量,显著降低H₂O₂含量和O■产生...     

烯效唑浸种对韭菜幼苗生长及产量的影响

研究了烯效唑浸种处理对韭苗幼苗生长及其定植后早期产量的影响.结果表明:1～20 mg/L的烯效唑浸种处理均能控制韭菜幼苗的徒长,增加假茎粗度,提高壮苗指数.5 mg/L 烯效唑浸种处理促根壮苗效果最佳.大田试验表明,利用5、10 mg/L烯效唑浸种处理的增产幅度为11.5%～14.7%.     

套作遮荫条件下烯效唑对大豆壮苗机理的研究

为探明烯效唑在套作遮荫条件下对大豆的壮苗机理,通过盆栽试验,研究了烯效唑干拌种（0、2、4、8 mg/kg）对大豆苗期根、叶生理功能的影响。结果表明,烯效唑干拌种提高了根体积、根系活力和根系活跃吸收面积（除8 mg/kg）,但显著降低了根长。同时,烯效唑干拌种还提高了根、叶中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,从而降低了脂质过氧化程度,降低了根、叶中丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高了根、叶中脯氨酸(Pro)含量,最终保护了细胞膜的完整性和功能性,其中烯效唑干拌种浓度以4 mg/kg最佳。可见,适宜浓度的烯效唑干拌种可以改善套作大豆苗期生长,提高耐荫抗逆能力,有利于套作大豆后期的营养生长和生殖生长。     

生长延缓剂对槟榔苗期叶绿素含量与叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨生长延缓剂对槟榔苗期矮壮的光合特性。于2006年6-11月以移栽45天后海南槟榔为材料,通过喷施250mg/L与500mg/L多效唑、40mg/L和80 mg/L烯效唑及清水5个处理,研究其对槟榔苗期叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明：喷施多效唑与烯效唑均能显著增加苗期槟榔叶绿素含量,且使叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,qP显著增加,而降低qN、NPQ非光化学猝灭系数,并以250mg/L多效唑处理效果较明显。说明适当浓度的多效唑处理可增加PSII反应中心开放比例,推动光合电子传递,提高槟榔叶片光合性能,起到壮苗目的。     

烯效唑干粉拌种降低小麦不育系株高的效应

为了加大杂交小麦制种时的父母本株高差异,获得良好的制种效果,用不同剂量的烯效唑干粉和待播不育系种子均匀混合,以探索烯效唑干粉拌种的适宜剂量和不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性.结果表明,烯效哇干粉拌种可以显著降低小麦不育系的株高,30 mg·kg-1是多数供试不育系的适宜拌种剂量;不同不育系对烯效唑的敏感性有一定差异,在烯效唑用量为20 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率差异不显著;在烯效唑用量为30 mg·kg-1和40 mg·kg-1时,各不育系的株高降低率以268S为最高,极显著高于海大S-1和海大S-2,而与2110-2-5-2-5S无显著差异.     

多效唑、烯效唑调节花生生长的对比试验

通过对比试验,明确15%多效唑WP、5%烯效唑WP植物生长延缓剂调节花生生长的异同点,确定最适使用剂量。试验结果表明：两者均能很好地控制花生营养生长,降低花生株高,提高花生饱果数,增加花生产量。从控制营养生长的能力上看,15%多效唑WP强于5%烯效唑WP。从提高花生饱果数、增加花生产量方面看,两者的表现基本一致。     

植物生长延缓剂多效唑和烯效唑对紫羊茅生长的影响

[目的]推动我国北方高质量草坪的建立。[方法]用不同浓度多效唑PP333（100、200、350 mg/L）和烯效唑S3307（16、32、64 mg/L）对冷季型草坪草紫羊茅进行叶面喷施,以喷清水为对照,研究不同处理对紫羊茅生长及叶绿素含量的影响。[结果]PP333对紫羊茅高生长的抑制作用随喷施剂量的增加而增强,喷药60 d后,3个处理对紫羊茅高生长的抑制率分别为53%、62%和64%;喷药60 d后,对照株高增长24.53 cm,不同浓度S3307处理紫羊茅株高分别增长13.05、11.60、13.68 cm;浓度大于200 mg/L的PP333对紫羊茅的矮化效果较明显,200 mg/LPP333与16 mg/LS3307可显著提高紫羊茅的叶绿素含量。[结论]PP333对紫羊茅的矮化作用强于S3307。