水稻对硅元素吸收特性研究

[目的]研究水稻对硅元素的吸收特性。[方法]以水稻为材料,采用水培试验,设置0.085、0.850 mmol/L 2个硅水平,明确水稻对硅的吸收模式。[结果]在2个硅处理下水稻在12 h的总吸硅量明显高于蒸腾吸硅量,二者都随着时间的延长逐渐升高,并且蒸腾吸硅量占总吸硅量的比值表现为高硅浓度处理高于低硅浓度处理;2个处理在6 h内的硅吸收都受到了代谢抑制剂和低温的抑制,并且表现为高硅浓度的抑制程度低于低硅浓度的抑制程度;2个处理在12 h内木质部汁液硅浓度随时间的延长逐步升高,而外部溶液硅浓度随时间的延长逐步降低,并且木质部汁液硅浓度比外部溶液的硅浓度高数倍。[结论]水稻对硅的吸收存在主动吸收和被动吸收2个过程,尤其在高硅浓度处理下,被动吸收更不能忽视。     

西藏“两江四河”流域生态化造林绿化模式的探讨

生态化造林绿化既是一项生态工程,也是一项社会和经济工程,既强调造林绿化对促进区域自然生态系统向良性循环方向演替的功能,也注重造林绿化对地方经社会发展和满足人们生产生活需求的贡献。依据西藏"两江四河"流域的自然条件和生态状况,从生态化的角度,对区域内造林绿化模式进行了探讨。     

Si3N4陶瓷/GCr15钢摩擦副复配添加剂协同效应

对Si3N4陶瓷/GCr15钢副在油性剂T406与极压抗磨剂P120复配作用下的摩擦磨损性质进行了对比试验研究.采用SSX-550型扫描电子显微镜观察试件的磨损表面形貌,并用能量散射谱仪进行了磨损表面的化学元素分析.结果表明,T406与P120复配对该摩擦副有较明显的减磨抗磨协同作用,最佳复配比例为1.0%T406＋2.0%P120.能谱分析结果表明,T406与P120复配时,产生的协同作用主要是在GCr15钢摩擦表面形成的化学反应膜,Si3N4陶瓷/GCr15钢副的磨损形式主要为磨料磨损和化学腐蚀磨损.     

Ni—Si—B系非晶合金的结晶度与退火时间的关系

对Ｎｉ６４Ｓｉ１５Ｂ２１非晶合金条带在２５０℃不同退火时间下的结晶度进行了测定。得到了结晶与度火保温时间呈抛物线关系的实验规律。     

麦秆表面硅含量分布的研究

利用ESCA研究了麦秆表面在不同温度下和经氩离子刻蚀后Si元素含量的变化。结果表明：在麦秆横切面上，Si元素含量中间层（接近麦秆外表面）含量较高；随着温度的升高，麦秆表面Si元素含量先降低而后增加，在选定的几个温度中，170℃和220℃时Si含量最低；麦秆表面经氩离子刻蚀后，由外及里，随着氩刻的加深，Si含量呈现升高趋势。麦秆中Si元素存在的化学环境与聚甲基硅氧烷中Si的化学环境比较接近。     

Mg2Si单轴应变的结构和电子性能

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究了Mg2 Si半导体沿[001]方向单轴应变下的结构、力学性质以及电子性质.计算结果表明：无应变时晶格参数和弹性常数与其他理论及实验值吻合的很好.施加应变后,其与应变方向垂直的晶格常数随应变值呈近似线性变化.通过应力-应变曲线和Born力学稳定性判据,确定了Mg2Si化合物在拉伸、压缩过程中的稳定范围和理想强度.Mg2Si的电子布居和电子态密度分析,表明Si-Mg之间的显示离子键特性,并给出了在拉伸压缩过程中Mg和Si原子轨道电子对总的态密度影响.     

Silicon nutrition of tomato and bitter gourd with special emphasis on silicon distribution in root fractions

Two plant species, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), were used for in‐depth studies on the dynamics of silicon (Si) uptake and translocation to the shoots and compartmentation of Si in the roots. The experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions, which were partly amended with 1 mM Si in the form of silicic acid. At harvest, xylem exudates were collected, and Si concentrations and biomass of roots and shoots were determined. Mass flow of Si was calculated based on the Si concentration of the nutrient solution and transpiration determined in a parallel experiment. Plant roots were subjected to a fractionated Si analysis, allowing attributing Si to different root compartments. Silicon concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots were higher in tomato but lower in bitter gourd. A more ready translocation from the roots to the shoots in bitter gourd was in agreement with Si concentrations in the xylem exudates which were higher than in the external solution. In tomato, the xylem‐sap Si concentration was lower than in the nutrient solution. Calculated Si mass flow to the root exceeded Si uptake in tomato, which was consistent with the measured accumulation of Si in the root water‐free space (WFS). In contrast, Si concentration in the root WFS was lower than in the nutrient solution in bitter gourd, reflecting the calculated Si depletion at the root surface based on the comparison of Si mass flow and Si uptake. Within the roots, more than 80% of the total Si was located in the cell wall and less than 10% in the cytoplasmic fractions in tomato. In bitter gourd, between 60% and 70% of the total root Si was attributed to the cell‐wall fraction whereas the proportion of the cytoplasmic fraction reached more than 30%. Our results clearly confirm that tomato belongs to the Si excluders and bitter gourd to the Si‐accumulator plant species for which high Si concentrations in the cytoplasmic root fraction appear to be characteristic.     

硅锰结合施用对红壤水稻铁毒害的矫正

Based on the fact that Fe toxicity which is usually characterized by leaf oranging and low yield can be obviously subdued by application of Si or Mn due to counteraction.between Fe and Si or Mn.A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments of CK,Si,Mn and Si Mn to further study the effect of combined application of Si and Mn on rice growth on red earths.Water-soluble SI,Fe and Mn were measured.and electron probe was used to study Si,Mn,Fe and Ca in root cross sections.Combined application of Si and Mn could increas water-soluble Si and Mn but reduce water-soluble Fe,thus being favorable for correctiong Fe toxicity.Electron probe study showed obvous differences of Si,Fe,Mn,and Ca in rice roots between CK and the other three treatments.The combined applicatioin of Si and Mn could reduce leaf oranging and improve rice growth.The Si Mn treatment had a higher plant height,lower number of oranging leaves and a 25.0% higher rice yield than CK and showed a better effect on rice growth than the treatment of sole Si or Mn.     

红壤蔗区土壤有效硅的空间变异特征

在一块面积约24 km2的低丘红壤蔗区中,测定了土壤表层175个土样的土壤有效硅含量,结果表明有效硅平均含量较低(117.7mg/kg),变异系数为中等变异强度。地统计学的空间结构分析表明,土壤有效硅存在中等程度的空间相关性,变程为5 km。Kriging方法绘制的等值线图显示,土壤有效硅的空间分布呈明显的斑块状,与地形分布有一定的相关性。通过估计值标准差分布图增补采样点可提高插值精度,为施肥管理提供依据。     

硅缓解小麦镉毒害的效应研究

采用水培试验研究了不同Si,Cd水平下,小麦幼苗生长及Cd在小麦幼苗体内积累的变化.结果表明,营养液中加入硅可缓解小麦幼苗的镉毒害症状,增加小麦的生物量.提高溶液中的Si浓度可降低小麦根、茎、叶的Cd含量,降低幅度为叶＞茎＞根,营养液中的Si水平愈高,小麦Cd含量降低程度愈大,但高Cd水平下Si的作用减弱.从整株看,Si能减少小麦镉的积累量,且能抑制低镉处理（0,5 μmol/L）下Cd向地上部运转,但高Cd条件下Si的抑制作用亦减弱,当营养液中的Cd浓度为10μmol/L时,Si有促进Cd向小麦地上部运转的趋势.