木薯叶片愈伤组织诱导与分化影响因子研究

以木薯试管苗顶部1～3处的幼叶为外植体,研究不同激素种类、浓度对愈伤组织的诱导、分化、不定芽生根的影响,并探讨了愈伤组织褐化过程中减轻褐化的方法。结果表明:在含0.5～1.0 mg/L 2,4-D的改良MS培养基上,可诱导木薯叶片产生愈伤组织,其愈伤诱导率为73.33%～89.44%;在愈伤组织的继代过程中,添加了200～300 mg/L PVP的处理可减轻愈伤褐化和提高愈伤增殖率;产生不定芽的最适激素条件是在改良MS培养基中添加0.75～1.00 mg/L ZT;不定芽产生的嫩枝在1/2MS基本培养基中添加0.25～0.50 mg/L IBA的条件下,其生根率达81.13%～90.63%。     

乐都紫皮大蒜叶片生长发育与果聚糖代谢的关系

为了探讨高原大蒜生长特性及其果聚糖代谢规律,分析叶片生长发育与果聚糖代谢的关系,本研究以"乐都紫皮大蒜"为材料,对不同发育期的大蒜叶片生长情况、生理指标及其果聚糖代谢关键基因的表达特征进行了解析。结果表明:随着生育期的延续,大蒜植株的最大叶长、最大叶宽和单株叶片数均稳步增加。叶片生理指标呈现先升高后降低的趋势,总叶绿素含量在花芽分化之前快速上升,在抽薹期达到最大值2.32 mg/g FW;组织含水量在鳞茎膨大初期达到最大值89.06%,随后急剧降低。在整个发育过程中,大蒜叶片蔗糖:蔗糖1-果糖基转移酶基因(1-SST)和果聚糖外切水解酶基因(1-FEH)表达量存在显著差异,从幼苗期至鳞茎膨大初期,1-SST基因表达量显著高于1-FEH。1-SST的表达在全生育期表现为"升高-降低"的趋势,在抽薹期,1-SST的表达量达到峰值,比幼苗期提高了17.51倍;1-FEH在全生育期的表达量均较低,呈现起伏波动的趋势,在收获期表达量最高,是苗期的2.41倍。综合分析说明,大蒜叶片叶绿素和果聚糖的合成高峰主要在抽薹期,抽薹期是大蒜叶片生长发育和果聚糖代谢的关键时期,大蒜可通过叶绿素的合成以及1-SST和1-FEH的差异表达进一步影响鳞茎果聚糖的累积。     

植物延缓剂对羊柴抗旱生理特性的调控效应

以一年生羊柴幼苗(Hedysarum leave)为试验材料,研究自然干旱条件下植物延缓剂(以多效唑为例)对羊柴生理特性的影响,旨在提高羊柴抗旱性,使其对干旱瘠薄的环境有更强的适应性。结果表明:干旱胁迫条件下多效唑能提高羊柴过氧化物酶活性(POD活性),超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD活性),叶绿素含量(Chla+b含量)和可溶性糖含量(Ss含量),其中对POD活性效果较显著(P0.05),但对SOD活性,Chla+b含量和Ss含量提高效果不显著(P0.05);而对于丙二醛含量(MDA含量)和游离脯氨酸含量(Pro含量)则表现出一定的抑制作用。对羊柴幼苗各生理指标采用隶属函数法综合评价,结果表示450 mg·L~(-1)多效唑对羊柴幼苗生理特性调控作用能使其保持较高的抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节能力和膜质过氧化性。     

Short-term response of the herbaceous layer within leave patches after harvest

Leave patches, uncut areas in a harvested forest, may conserve herbaceous layer species that decline after forest clearcutting. They may also serve to maintain source populations for the recolonization of the harvest area. The main objective of this study is to characterize the short-term response of the herbaceous layer to clearcut harvesting disturbance within and adjacent to leave patches. Four experimental 1 ha patches and two uncut references were established. Within each patch or reference, belts of five 1 m² quadrats were placed at 50 m and 5 m outside the patch, at 0 m (edge), and at 25 m, 35 m, and 50 m (centre) inside. These belts of quadrats were replicated at all four aspects (North, South, East, and West). Ground vegetation was sampled yearly for 1 year before harvest and 3 years after harvest in the experimental patches and for 2 consecutive years in the references. Some common residual species declined significantly in the clearcuts, but remained stable inside the patches in the short term (3 years after harvest). Overall species composition changed little in the patch interior and edge after harvest. Colonizing species (those that appeared in quadrats after harvest) in the patch exterior were predominantly early-seral species, whereas colonizers in the patch interior tended to be shade-tolerant forest species. Species were grouped a priori based on two habitat preferences (amounts of canopy cover and disturbed substrate). Species characteristic of a habitat with closed canopy and undisturbed substrates that decreased significantly over time in the patch exterior were negatively correlated with the amount of exposed mineral soil and open canopy. Species characteristic of a habitat with open canopy and disturbed substrates that increased significantly at the patch exterior showed a positive correlation with the amount of exposed mineral soil and open canopy. No species’ habitat preference groups declined significantly in the patch interior or edge over time. Based on species’ responses to forest operations, it appears that at least the common forest species are maintained in the short term within leave patches.     

从叶片上获取外植体的改良方法——打孔器法

通过对外植体愈伤组织诱导形成的影响因素进行分析,提出采用打孔器法来截取外植体,该法能减小样本误差,并能提高操作效率。并提出了描述愈伤组织形成整齐度的概念——"出愈势"。     

2个枇杷品种叶片养分吸收特性比较

以‘东湖早’和‘早钟6号’枇杷为材料,分析比较其叶片营养状况,探讨枇杷养分吸收特性。结果表明,‘东湖早’枇杷春梢叶片氮含量、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于‘早钟6号’,而2个品种的夏梢、秋梢、冬梢均无显著性差异;2个品种的春梢、夏梢、秋梢和冬梢叶片全磷含量均无显著性差异;2个品种的春梢叶片全钾含量无显著性差异,‘东湖早’枇杷夏梢叶片全钾含量显著低于‘早钟6号’,秋梢和冬梢叶片均显著高于‘早钟6号’。2个品种氮的吸收高峰均在冬梢,磷和钾的吸收高峰均在春梢。     

控释肥料对不同品种花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)叶片生理的影响

大田栽培条件下,以"花育22"和"花育20"品种为材料,以不施肥为对照,设控释肥675 kg hm-2、控释肥506 kg hm-2和普通肥料3个处理,研究了控释肥料对不同品种花生叶片衰老的影响。结果表明:相比普通肥料,控释肥可以提高花生生育后期叶面积系数、叶绿素含量以及有关保护酶的活性,降低叶片膜脂过氧化程度,有效延缓花生的衰老速率,提高生育后期光合产物积累,为花生产量的提高奠定基础。因此,控释肥是花生较为理想的肥料。     

毛竹叶、枝茶多酚提取及含量的测定

在不同的条件下进行毛竹叶、枝茶多酚的提取试验,结果是：毛竹叶、枝茶多酚量最高分别为０．５０２ｇ和０．５４７ｇ,用分光光度法对毛竹叶、枝提取物的茶多酚含量测定,其含量分别达７２．２２％和７５．３３％。     

大豆群体冠层叶、粒与光照垂直分布的初步分析

在不同密度条件下对亚有限和无限型品种（品系）的ＬＡＩ、粒重及光照垂直分布进行了分析。结荚、鼓粒期的ＬＡＩ，亚有限型以上层、无限型以中层最高。开花期两种类型材料相对光照均以冠层上部最高，下部最低，但上部相对光强亚有限型低于无限型。成熟期粒重分布，亚有限材料以上层、无限型以中层比例最高，分别约占全株粒重的４５％～６０％和４５％～５７％。两种类型材料在２５株／ｍ２下均获得了较高产量。     

杜仲叶,皮营养物质变化规律的研究

通过对杜仲叶在年生长周期中有机物质和营养元素的分析测试，表明营养物质的积累动态很有规律。但是不同海拔，不同年份以及不同品种的叶、树皮、根皮和种子的营养物质的变化有很大差异，营养物质总体含量从高到低顺序是种子、叶、根皮、树皮，光皮杜仲略优于粗皮杜仲。