乙烯利和激动素对玉米茎秆抗倒伏和产量的影响

倒伏是影响玉米产量的主要原因之一,为了探明不同时期喷施不同生长调节剂对玉米抗倒伏性和产量的影响,选用玉米品种‘德美亚1号’和‘德美亚2号’为试验材料,在5、7、9展叶期分别喷施乙烯利(ETH)和激动素(KT),以喷施清水为对照,测定灌浆期基部茎秆形态、力学、化学组分及成熟后的倒伏率和产量。结果表明,与对照相比,‘德美亚1号’5展叶期喷施KT,节间直径显著增加21.11%,节间密度增加13.23%;与对照相比,‘德美亚2号’7展叶期喷施ETH,使基部节间总长度显著降低14.41%,节间直径显著增加10.70%,节间密度显著增加15.46%。‘德美亚1号’和‘德美亚2号’7展叶期喷施ETH,分别与对照相比,折断力显著增加26.04%和16.77%,穿刺强度显著增加22.77%和14.62%。‘德美亚2号’9展叶期喷施ETH,节间半纤维素、纤维素和木质素组成的化学组分总含量比对照显著增加25.49%。KT对两个品种茎秆力学影响表现不同,ETH对两个品种茎秆力学调控效果优于KT处理。两种调节剂处理均降低了两种玉米收获期的倒伏率。节间直径与折断力呈极显著正相关(r=0.905**),节间化学组分总含量和节间直径与倒伏率呈显著或极显著负相关。两个品种9展叶期喷施KT,产量比对照极显著增加22.24%和19.98%,喷施ETH对产量影响不显著。综上,KT于两个品种9展叶期喷施可显著增加产量,ETH于两个品种7展叶期喷施对抗倒伏性调控效果较好。     

Plant growth regulator and its interactions with environment and genotype affect maize optimal plant density and yield

Increasing planting density is important to raise maize yield, however, high density often leads to an increase risk of lodging due to dense canopy and weak stem. Maize yield and optimal plant density are increased by applying plant growth regulator compound of ethephon and DA-6, however, we do not know if this compound would interact with location and genotype. In this study, a novel plant growth regulator, as the synthesis of N, N- diethyl − 2 − hexanoyl oxygen radicals − ethyl amine (2-ethyl chloride) phosphonic acid salt (DHEAP), combining the effects of ethephon and DA-6 in one chemical, was developed and tested at three locations, five plant densities (6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants m⁻²) and three cultivars in 2014–2015. This study aimed to quantify the interactions between environment, genotype and management (Appling DHEAP and plant density) on lodging-related optimal plant density and yield. DHEAP significantly increased grain yield by 10.7% due to the increases of kernel weight by 3.2% and kernel number per ear by 4.4%. On average across genotypes and environments, applying DHEAP increased optimum plant density by 6%. The optimal plant density interacted with cultivar, DHEAP and environment. Applying DHEAP reduced lodging percentage by lowering ear height. The yield-lodging relationship was affected by genotype and location. We concluded that maize yield could be enhanced by optimizing plant density, applying DHEAP and cultivar selection, but climatic and environmental differences of locations should be considered.     

喷施乙烯利对生长前期甘蔗叶片维管束结构及硅镁锌含量的影响

在甘蔗生长前期用100mg/L 浓度乙烯利对桂糖11号和新台糖20号进行叶面喷施。结果表明：⑴乙烯利处理使新台糖20号叶片中维管束密度、维管束中的后生导管和韧皮部面积均明显增大，并使硅含量提高，锌含量降低；⑵乙烯利处理对桂糖11号的叶片维管束面积、维管束中后生导管面积和韧皮部面积以及叶片的维管束密度都没有影响，但提高了叶片中硅、镁和锌的含量。     

喷施乙烯利对生长前期甘蔗叶片维管束结构及硅镁锌含量的影响

在甘蔗生长前期用100mg/L浓度乙烯利对桂糖11号和新台糖20号进行叶面喷施。结果表明:⑴乙烯利处理使新台糖20号叶片中维管束密度、维管束中的后生导管和韧皮部面积均明显增大,并使硅含量提高,锌含量降低;⑵乙烯利处理对桂糖11号的叶片维管束面积、维管束中后生导管面积和韧皮部面积以及叶片的维管束密度都没有影响,但提高了叶片中硅、镁和锌的含量。     

秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响

枣树(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)秋季叶施尿素、乙烯利及尿素十乙烯利均可促进叶片及落性枝的氮素向树体回流,增加树体贮藏氮素水平,尤以尿素 200ppm乙烯利的效果最佳;尿素及乙烯利处理均增加了次年枣吊长度、平均单果重及枣果还原糖含量;尿素处理还显著增加了叶片及新梢含氮量,座果数,但降低了枣果蔗糖含量。枣树秋冬季地上部与根系具有同等重要的贮藏氮素作用;蛋白态氮是主要贮藏形态,为非蛋白态氮的2—3倍。     

沙枣人工落叶的研究

喷施７００－９００ｍｇ／Ｌ的乙烯利后两击可使沙枣叶逐渐脱落，便于放牧采食利用。乙烯利浓度超过９００ｍｇ／ｌ时对第二年沙枣树新叶萌发有延迟影响。人工落叶对其营养成分无显著影响。     

Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) on the fruit ripening characters of rabbiteye blueberry

Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) application on rabbiteye blueberry fruit quality during the growth period was investigated. Ethephon treatment stimulated the decrement of titratable acidity, anthocyanin accumulation and fruit softening 4 days after treatment and the promoting effects continued through the investigation period. The ripening promotion effect of ethephon on total soluble solids content was observed only 8 days after treatment. Ethephon treatment did not affect the fruit enlargement during the investigation period. From these results, it is concluded that ethephon application for rabbiteye blueberry promote the fruit ripening, but the stimulatory effects of ethephon on fruit ripening were different in degree on each ripening characters.     

几种药剂促进苦瓜种子发芽的研究

研究了不同浓度的乙烯利、赤霉素、双氧水处理对苦瓜种子发芽的影响.结果表明:乙烯利能够更有效地促进苦瓜种子的发芽.经过150 mg/L乙烯利液浸种16 h的苦瓜种子,不论发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数还是活力指数都极显著高于其他药剂处理.     

玉米应用30%乙烯利·芸薹素内酯水剂效果研究

采用田间试验方法,研究了30%乙烯利·芸薹素内酯水剂在玉米上的应用效果.结果表明,玉米10叶1心期茎叶喷雾30%乙烯利·芸薹素内酯水剂,能够调节玉米的营养生长,提高其抗倒伏能力.施药500～600 g/hm2,可使玉米增产3.12%～9.18%,但对玉米品质无明显影响.     

乙烯利对干旱条件下多年生黑麦草生理指标的影响

本研究以‘Neruda’,‘Accent’,‘MS’,‘AST’4个品种多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne L.）为试验材料,研究叶片喷施乙烯利对多年生黑麦草耐旱性的影响。结果表明,喷施乙烯利后干旱处理10 d时,‘Neruda’、‘MS’和‘AST’叶片相对含水量显著提高,所有品种电解质渗透率均下降,‘Neruda’、‘Accent’和‘MS’脯氨酸含量的上升减缓,同时喷施乙烯利提高了‘MS’、‘AST’的过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性,但对过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化氢酶（Ascorbate peroxidase,APX）活性影响不显著。复水2 d后,乙烯利促进了‘MS’品种相对含水量和‘Neruda’品种脯氨酸含量的恢复。因此,叶片喷施乙烯利可以不同程度缓解多年生黑麦草干旱条件下的胁迫损伤,一定程度上提高干旱复水后的恢复能力。