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排序方式: 共有181条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Wheat endosperm texture (hardness) largely determines end-product suitability. Since its development 25 years ago, the single kernel classification system (SKCS, a mechanical instrument that measures, among other properties, the force imparted on a kernel during crushing) has been used in breeding programs to differentiate soft wheats from hard wheats. Nominally, these have a soft to hard SKCS hardness index (HI) range of 25–75 (dimensionless units). However, in recent years, breeders have developed extremely soft (‘Super Soft’) lines having SKCS HI < 0. Until now, these very low SKCS HIs have not been corroborated with traditional methodologies that characterize mechanical strength. Herein, we report on the relationships between SKCS HI and three compressive strength properties (maximum stress, Young's modulus, and work) in Super Soft wheat. With respective correlation coefficients of 0.76, 0.66, and 0.75, we have found that the relationships between SKCS HI and compressive strength agree with prior research involving ordinary soft and hard wheats. 相似文献
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提高外源蛋白在特定目标组织器官中的表达量是转基因植物研究与开发的核心技术之一。谷蛋白是水稻种子中最主要的贮藏蛋白,其表达具有严格的时空特异性。为进一步研究谷蛋白信号肽序列在指导基因表达中的作用,本研究克隆了水稻谷蛋白Glu A-2基因的启动子及其信号肽编码序列,并与GUS报告基因编码区融合,构建了分别含有和不含有信号肽的表达载体p13GG和p13GSG;经农杆菌介导法分别转入同一水稻品种中,获得了20多个独立转化子,PCR证明外源基因都已整合进了水稻基因组中。Northern杂交结果表明,融合Glu A-2信号肽编码序列可显著提高GUS基因在水稻胚乳中的转录;利用GUS特异的抗体进行Western杂交分析,显示该信号肽序列可显著提高外源蛋白在转基因水稻胚乳中的积累,但是其所指导表达的GUS蛋白在水稻胚乳中并没有表现出相应的活性,其机制有待进一步深入解析。相关结果对于水稻品质改良基因工程研究以及以水稻种子作为生物反应器高效表达外源蛋白具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
4.
若干玉米胚乳突变体基因效应的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对5个玉米单隐性胚乳突变体、3个双隐性胚乳突变体的可溶性糖(还原糖、蔗糖)、水溶性多糖、淀粉、粗蛋白、赖氨酸含量测定,并对突变体种子结构扫描电镜观察。分析了玉米胚乳突主体的基因效应及其互作效应。 相似文献
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Three wild potato species with different ploidies and Endosperm Balance Numbers (EBN) were crossed in a complete diallel design
and the development of the embryo and endosperm as well as the type of seeds produced were analyzed. The compatible crosses
– intraspecific intra-EBN and interspecific intra-EBN – produced more than 89% plump seeds, whereas in the incompatible crosses
– intraspecific inter-EBN and interspecific inter-EBN – more than 85% of the seeds were not as well developed or were shrunken.
The histological analysis revealed that inviable seeds had less developed or collapsed endosperms and thicker endotheliums
than viable ones. A gradation of crossabilities was observed among species. The self-compatible species Solanum acaule had
good performance as a female but not as a male parent. Among the self-incompatible species, Solanum gourlayi was the best
male parent but had a poor performance as a female, whereas Solanum commersonii had an intermediate behavior. Differences
in crossabilities among genotypes within species were also observed. These results can not be solely explained by the EBN
hypothesis. It is, therefore, suggested that the EBN may be part of a more complex system of interspecific barriers acting
at the pre- and post-zygotic levels.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
外源DNA导入小麦后的变异系生物学特性及胚乳蛋白的研究 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
应用受粉后的花粉管能通道C4作物高梁DNA和抗逆性强的长穗偃麦草DNA导入小麦,结果在不同组合中出现了不同类型的广泛变异,在三个组合中已选育出几个稳定遗传的优良变异系,其生物学性状大多是介于原受体和供体之间。主要特性是叶功能期延长,籽粒千粒重和单株粒重增加,增产显著,抗锈病能力增强等,其胚乳蛋白电泳图谱发季了明显变化,在变异系中产生了新的蛋白质组分,而且A区和B区增加的是蛋白质群,相反原受体68- 相似文献
8.
用对甘薯组 A 群的种 I.tiliacea 和 I.gracilis 与 B 群的种 I.trifida 和 I.littoralis 杂交观察授粉后的胚胎发生的情况,发现授粉后7小时,花粉粒均能在柱头上发芽,花粉管也能通过花柱到达胚珠。在授粉后两天的子房内,可看到已受精、正受精、未受精等受精过程的各个阶段。此时以 B 群 K_(233-1)为母本的卵细胞受精率可达80% 相似文献
9.
Summary
Solanum commersonii Dun. is a diploid (2n=2x=24, 1EBN) wild species of potential value for potato breeding. It is a reproductively isolated species and cannot be crossed with Tuberosum haploids (2n=2x=24, 2EBN) or other diploid 2EBNSolanum species. In order to overcome the EBN barriers, triploid hybrids were produced between Phureja-Tuberosum haploid hybrids, which form 2n pollen grains by parallel spindles, and tetraploidS. commersonii. Microsporogenesis analysis of the triploids indicated a trend towards low values of chromosome distribution at Anaphase I; lagging chromosomes were often observed as well. Despite these abnormalities, the percentage of stainable pollen was very high, ranging from 5.0% to 74.3%. A high variation in pollen grain diameter was also evident. Parallel and tripolar orientation of spindles at Metaphase II of microsporogenesis was a common feature of all the triploids analyzed, but dyads and triads were observed at a very low frequency. Therefore, also the frequency of 2n pollen was very low; the different size of stainable pollen appears to represent the ploidy levels which are possible according to the distribution of chromosomes in Anaphase I. The results obtained also suggest thatS. commersonii could have minor genes acting at the end of meiosis in such a way that, despite the presence of parallel/tripolar spindles, dyads/triads are not formed.Contribution no. 124 from the Research Center for Vegetable Breeding. 相似文献
10.
研究了su_1基因与sh_2,bt_2基因互作对玉米籽粒粒重及营养成份的影响,探讨了这些互作效应对玉米品质育种的利用价值。结果表明:su_1基因与sh_2,bt_2基因互作大幅度降低籽粒百粒重,增加可溶性糖、还原糖和蔗糖含量,降低淀粉含量,增加蛋白质及蛋白质组分中清蛋白、球蛋白和谷蛋白含量,降低醇溶蛋白含量。籽粒氨基酸组成中,天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸等氨基酸受基因互作影响较大。籽粒发育过程中双突变体一般表现为:粒重早期与正常型及单突变体相差不多,但后期增长缓慢;淀粉、醇溶蛋白早期含量较低,后期增长幅度亦较小;蛋白质含量下降量较小;可溶性糖及还原糖早期含量较高,后期下降速度随时期或基因组合而异。研究表明,su_1基因与sh_2、bt_2基因互作可以进一步提高籽粒营养成份,对玉米品质改良具有特殊的利用价值,但提高粒重是这类基因互作效应应用的关键。 相似文献