草坪恶性杂草蟋蟀草的发生生物学——蟋蟀草发生对播期的反应

在北京地区蟋蟀草从5月开始发生，可以持续到10月底，6月、7月出土速率和出土率强于其它月份，9月后出土率显著下降；5～10月期间生长的蟋蟀草，其种子与植株的生物学产量比率为5～7的值占64%。脱离母株的蟋蟀草种子当月存在萌发力，半年后萌发率达到60%。     

大豆室内耐冷筛选及其在田间的应用研究

本试验把生长箱大豆耐低温萌发筛选与田间早春播研究相结合,验证耐低温发芽的可靠性。在实验室,萌发期表现抗冷的大豆,田间出昔期仍表现抗冷或较抗冷。实验表明,大豆出苗的生物学最低温度平均为7.1℃,所需有效积温136℃。地温的高低直接影响大豆早春出苗的多寡,两者呈密切的正相关。黄、青、黑豆中,以黑豆抵抗早春不良气候条件的能力最强。     

柑桔大实蝇防治新技术研究

本文介绍了柑桔大实蝇防治的一种新技术。该技术的关键是，在成虫羽化期于桔园及其周围杂草上喷施诱杀剂，诱杀刚羽化出土的成虫，使用药剂为自配糖醋敌百虫诱杀剂，防治效果达99.81%，新技术的防治效果显著优于常规防治技术树冠诱杀所采用的点喷和挂瓶方式的防治效果，常规树冠诱杀使用药剂分别为：果瑞特、猎蝇、诱粘，防治效果分别为61.67%、59.53%、57.47%。     

青葙提取物对红脉穗螟化蛹和羽化的影响

为明确青葙（Celosia argentea Linn.）提取物对槟榔红脉穗螟（Tirathaba rufivena Walker）化蛹和羽化的影响,采用室内生物测定法研究了青葙甲醇和乙醇提取物,对红脉穗螟蛹发育、化蛹率及成虫羽化的干扰作用。结果表明,青葙提取物对红脉穗螟的幼虫化蛹具有一定抑制作用,其中经甲醇提取物处理后7天,化蛹率仅为66.3%,显著低于对照处理(91.70%);红脉穗螟老龄（5龄）幼虫取食经青葙提取物处理后的叶片,蛹重减轻,蛹长缩短;经青葙提取物处理预蛹后,红脉穗螟成虫羽化率降低,羽化时间明显延长,而且能诱导产生畸形个体。青葙提取物具有开发成红脉穗螟防控药剂的潜力。     

Using remote sensing to predict outbreaks of Oestrus ovis in Namibia

The Directorate of Veterinary Services of the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development of Namibia issues warnings to farmers in the south of the country about the likelihood of infestation of small-stock by the nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis. Farmers can then treat their stock at the most appropriate time. The O. ovis puparia develop at shallow depths in the soil and the timing of emergence is directly dependent on climatic conditions, specifically the number of degree-days above a particular threshold soil temperature. Based on temperature measurements from only a few stations scattered throughout the country, the veterinary department warnings lack precision in space and time. This paper presents an attempt to support the programme of warnings with accumulated temperature information from Meteosat satellite images, in order to strengthen predictions of the time of emergence in specific places, and to improve the precision and reliability of warnings given to farmers.     

撑绿竹出笋规律探析

对水富县引种的撑绿竹出笋规律进行了研究,结果表明:撑绿竹出笋期在5月下旬至9月下旬左右;退笋多出现在末期;高生长的logistic曲线模型为:H=867.168/(1 e4.793-0.735);昼夜总生长量达7.09cm,夜间生长量几乎是白天生长量的1.76倍.     

马铃薯包衣技术研究初报

不同药剂包衣对马铃薯影响不同。用58％甲霜灵锰锌可湿性粉剂、20％病毒A可湿性粉剂包衣可防治马铃薯晚疫病和病毒病,显著提高出苗率和产量。     

马蔺种子萌发特性的研究

马蔺种子休眠是由于胚被厚实的胚乳紧紧包围所致。室内萌发及田间出苗实验证实，温度和水份是种子萌发的主导因素。除此之外，北京地区干籽预浸，即在25～30℃中吸胀1～2d，并于6～7月播种，田间萌发效果最佳。     

Effect of aggregate size and soil water content on emergence of soybean (Glycine max, L. Merr.) and maize (Zea mays, L.)

Rapid wetting of irrigated soils often leads to slaking and slumping, and on drying a surface crust and hard-set conditions may occur. This results in reduced crop emergence unless the surface is kept moist. The effect of aggregate size and water content on the emergence of soybean and maize from an Entic chromustert (heavy cracking clay) was determined using pots of sieved aggregates with size ranges less than 1, 1–2, 2–5 and 5–15 mm at soil water contents of 15, 20 and 25 g (100 g)⁻¹. Unsieved soil was used as a control. Greatest emergence tended to occur from fine (1–2 mm) seedbeds compared with coarse (5–15 mm) seedbeds for both crops. A covered treatment, simulating a stubble mulch, resulted in greater emergence than an uncovered treatment for all water contents and aggregate sizes. Earlier emergence occurred from finer (less than 1 mm and 1–2 mm) seedbeds than from coarse (5–15 mm) seedbeds, and at the greatest water content used. Soil strength, measured with a shear vane, decreased with increasing water content and tended to be less on fine (1–2 mm) seedbeds compared with very fine (less than 1 mm) or coarse (5–15 mm) seedbeds. It is recommended that, for good emergence from this Entic chromustert, seedbeds be brought to a water content of 25 g (100 g)⁻¹ by capillary wetting to prevent hardsetting and consist of 1–2 or 2–5 mm aggregates for soybean and maize, respectively, and have a stubble mulch on the surface. This corresponds to an equivalent depth of water of 15 mm and 9 mm for soybean and maize, respectively, in the top 50 mm of the profile.     

提高普通大麦离体单倍体胚出苗率的研究

 本试验以普通大麦（Hordeum vulgare L，2n=2x=14）×球茎大麦（H. bulbosum L.,2n=2x=14）产生的普通大麦单倍体胚为材料，研究了胚龄（胚大小）、基因型及B#-5培养基中加不同物质对其离体培养时出苗的影响。结果表明：⒈每升培养基加5克活性碳可以提高出苗率，四个供试基因型的提高幅度为7.2%-24.3%；⒉最佳接种胚龄受温度等因素的影响，3月底至5月初温室条件下的最佳胚龄为14天左右，大田为17-19天或更长；⒊培养基中加15-30mg/L多效唑（PP333）时，出苗率最高，但不同基因型有不同反应；⒋不同基因型单倍体胚的出苗率有明显差异；⒌培养基中加活性碳和PP333还可使苗生长健壮。因此，将适当胚龄的单倍体胚接种在B#-(5)+5g/L活性碳+15-30mg/L PP333的培养基上，可以产生较高频率的单倍体苗。