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薏苡的药用价值、营养价值极高,是一种世界范围内倍受青睐的保健粮食作物,也是中国加入WTO后参与国际竞争的重要农产品之一。薏苡的近缘野生种川谷是改良薏苡的新的基因源,通过两者杂交可以创造广泛的重组、变异类型,为选育综合双亲优良性状的薏苡新品种提供了遗传基础。针对中国薏苡生产缺乏优良品种的问题,从种质资源、细胞遗传学、生理生化、组织培养、遗传改良5个方面,综述了中国薏苡遗传改良的相关研究进展,并分析了今后的发展趋势,旨在为加强薏苡育种研究提供参考。 相似文献
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利用细胞学方法对2个普通小麦-Elymus rectisetus(Nees in Lehm)A.Lve et Connor衍生系1059A1和1063A1进行了鉴定,并对它们的细胞学稳定性、白粉病抗性、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成和植物学性状进行了研究。2个衍生系在形态学和细胞学上已经基本稳定,根尖体细胞含有44条染色体,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)染色体构型为2n=22Ⅱ,与普通小麦亲本Fukuhokomugi杂交F1PMC MI染色体构型为2n=20Ⅱ 3Ⅰ。结果表明,它们均为普通小麦-E.rectisetus异代换-附加系。白粉病抗性鉴定结果表明,2种异代换-附加系高感白粉病。2种异代换-附加系及亲本的SDS-PAGE分析表明,它们的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与Fukuhokomugi相同。 相似文献
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Zhi-Shan Lin Zhi-Fu Cui Xiang-Yan Zeng You-Zhi Ma Zeng-Yan Zhang Toshiki Nakamura Goro Ishikawa Kazuhiro Nakamura Hisashi Yoshida Zhi-Yong Xin 《Euphytica》2007,158(1-2):109-118
Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that
line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452
were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was
a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain
terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably
2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines. 相似文献
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中国薏苡遗传改良研究进展 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
薏苡的药用价值、营养价值极高,是一种世界范围内倍受青睐的保健粮食作物,也是中国加入WTO后参与国际竞争的重要农产品之一。薏苡的近缘野生种川谷是改良薏苡的新的基因源,通过两者杂交可以创造广泛的重组、变异类型,为选育综合双亲优良性状的薏苡新品种提供了遗传基础。针对中国薏苡生产缺乏优良品种的问题,从种质资源、细胞遗传学、生理生化、组织培养、遗传改良5个方面,综述了中国薏苡遗传改良的相关研究进展,并分析了今后的发展趋势,旨在为加强薏苡育种研究提供参考。 相似文献
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八倍体小滨麦(OctoploidTritileymus)与硬粒小麦(Triticumdurum)的杂交研究结果表明以八倍体小滨麦作母本,硬粒小麦作父本时,杂交结实率较高,平均为28.47%,而其反交结实率较低,平均仅为5.84%。杂种F1自交结实率极低,平均为1.11%;F1形态兼具硬粒小麦、普通小麦(Triticumaestivum)和滨麦(L.mollis)特性;杂种F1PMCMI染色体构型主要是14 14 ,平均为13.51 13.82 0.14 0.10 0.02 ,普通小麦D染色体组与滨麦J、N染色体组配对频率分别为3.02%和3.57%,说明D组与J、N组间基本无同源关系。同时杂种F1PMC后期有落后染色体排列在赤道板上,末期和末期出现大量二分孢子、四分孢子带微核现象。 相似文献
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BC_1和F_2植株的染色体数目变异分别为35~49和31~51,基本接近理论分布。其花粉母细胞的平均二价体数较F_1明显上升,分别为16.13和18.10,可见F_2比BC_1上升更多,因而平均自交结实率F_2比BC_1高,但与普通小麦回交结实率基本一致。这说明BC_1和F_2的可育雌配子数相近,而可育雄配子数F_2比BC_1多。因此认为二价体数目对雄配子可育性的影响比较明显,而对雌配子可育性影响比较弱。获得了一批可望产生异附加系和异代换系的2n=49(AABB DDV)、51以及43、44的抗白粉病植株的后代材料。 相似文献
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The Neotropical freshwater fish fauna is very rich—according to the most recent catalogue 71 families and 4,475 species have
been described. However, only a small amount of general information is available on the composition of Neotropical marine
fishes. In Brazil, 1,298 marine species have been recorded. General analysis of available cytogenetic and population genetic
data clearly indicates research has been mainly concentrated on freshwater fishes. Thus, today, cytogenetic information is
available for 475 species of Characiformes, 318 species of Siluriformes, 48 species of Gymnotiformes, 199 freshwater species
that do not belong to the superorder Ostariophysi, and only 109 species of marine fishes. For the species studied, only about
6% have sex chromosomes and about 5% have supernumerary or B chromosomes. A review of the cytogenetic studies shows that these
data have provided valuable information about the relationships between fish groups, the occurrence of cryptic species and
species complexes, the mechanism of sex determination and sex chromosome evolution, the distribution of nucleolus organizer
regions, the existence supernumerary chromosomes, and the relationship between polyploidy and evolution. In relation to populations
in Neotropical marine waters, the studies have shown the presence of cryptic species, which has important implications for
fishery management. Different levels of genetic structuring can be found among Neotropical freshwater migratory fish species.
This raises important implications for fish population genetic diversity and consequently its sustainable utilization in inland
fisheries and aquaculture, specifically for conservation of ichthyo-diversity and survival. 相似文献
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