践行科学发展 确保粮食安全

中国加入世贸组织后,贸易自由化与贸易保护主义共存,各种贸易壁垒如"绿色壁垒"、"技术壁垒"等,都将对中国农产品国际贸易带来新的挑战。近来由美国挑起的中国农产品安全问题就是具体写照。我们要加快农产品质量检验监测体系建设,研究提出农产品质量标准,尽快同国际接轨,确保农产品安全。还要警惕经济全球化和由此带来的动植物病虫害和病原体的毁灭性风险,提高中国农产品的国际竞争力。     

“农超对接”深入开展所面临挑战及对策措施

对"农超对接"开展过程中构建阶段、运行阶段和实施保障等方面遇到的问题进行分析总结,并在此基础上提出了针对性的改进措施,即强化政府指导作用、完善相应制度、增强农民合作组织竞争力等。     

陕西苹果产业SWOT分析及发展策略

在分析陕西苹果产业的优势、劣势、机会、挑战的基础上,提出扩张发展型、竞争型、防御型、保守型4种战略方案。     

The REFLECT Statement: Methods and Processes of Creating Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials for Livestock and Food Safety

The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health, and food-safety outcomes presents unique challenges that might not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A 2-day consensus meeting was held on November 18–19, 2008 in Chicago, IL, to achieve the objective. Before the meeting, a Web-based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food-safety researchers, livestock production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors, and associate editors. Before the meeting, the attendees completed a Web-based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items would need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety and 22-item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist, and an additional subitem was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health, and food-safety outcomes.     

统筹城乡户籍制度改革与农村人口空心化：挑战与应对

从统筹城乡户籍制度改革对农村资源配置、农村有效投入、农村规模发展及农村技术人才4个方面分析统筹城乡户籍制度改革可能给农村发展造成人口空心化带来的影响和挑战，最后，基于土地流转、农村新型养老保险和发展农业机械化等角度提出了相应的建议。     

Genetic variations in survival of rohu carp (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in challenge tests

A challenge test against Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted using 2062 rohu carp (Labeo rohita) fingerlings obtained from 52 dams and 87 sires (87 full-sib families) of two year-classes (2003 and 2004). Attempts to establish a cohabitant challenge model were not successful. Therefore, fish were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with A. hydrophila in two replicate tanks per year-class, and dead fish were collected hourly. The mortality reached its peak at 16–22 h after challenge and had almost completely stopped after 58 h. The test was terminated after 382 h at which the average survival was 43.9 and 48.9% in the two 2003 year-class tanks, and 77.1 and 35.8% in the two 2004 year-class tanks. Heritability estimates for survival were obtained from sire and dam threshold models (THR) and sire and dam linear repeatability models (LINR). For both types of models the heritability estimates based on data from single tanks were not consistent. For both year-classes, data from one of the two challenged tanks demonstrated significant additive genetic variation in survival during the A. hydrophila infection, whereas the heritability estimates were not significantly different from zero for the other tank. Further, genetic correlation between survivals in the two replicate tanks in each year-class was not significantly different from zero. The differential results from the replicate tanks demonstrate that additional challenge test experiments are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the magnitude of additive genetic variation for survival to aeromonasis in rohu carp. A cohabitant challenge model that allows the testing of important defence mechanisms in the skin and mucous membranes of the fish might have been more appropriate. To establish a valid cohabitant challenge model for rohu carp should be given high priority.     

21世纪海南花卉业发展的机遇与挑战

海南岛气候资源优越，花卉资源丰富，但由于起步较晚，花卉产业基础较差。通过分析海南气候、花卉种质、土地及劳动力等资源特点，针对中国21世纪花卉发展的新形势，指出海南花卉业存在的问题是：由于台风、暴雨强度大，为此需增加防范设施，从而提高花卉生产成本；交通不便，信息不灵，生产技术落后；缺乏宏观管理指导、合理布局和配套的优惠激励政策。为解决上述问题，必须采取以下措施：合理开发利用自然资源,因地制宜发展花卉；加强国内外先进技术学习与高新技术推广工作；完善花卉销售网络,落实有关扶持花卉生产的优惠政策。     

我国高校独立学院面临的机遇、挑战及应对措施

从8个方面分析了高等独立学院办学所面临的机遇、挑战,并从6个方面阐述了应对措施。     

入世后我国甜樱桃面临的机遇与挑战及发展对策

甜樱桃作为一种早熟、优质、保健果品,而且种植效益较高,在国内国际都正处于发展时期。根据世界甜樱桃生产和贸易情况,指出了我国在甜樱桃科学技术与生产上与世界先进甜樱桃生产国的差距,分析了我国加入WTO之后,我国甜樱桃面临的机遇和挑战,并且机遇大于挑战。如果有适当的科技投入,我国甜樱桃产业将可克服现在科技滞后的状态,发挥我国劳动力低廉和国土辽阔的优势,迅速扩大其生产总量,提高品质,扩大出口,增加农民的收入,2015年可望形成32.4～43.2亿元的社会总产值。     

Onset of immunity in kittens after vaccination with a non-adjuvanted vaccine against feline panleucopenia, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus

The induction of a quick onset of immunity against feline parvovirus (FPV), feline herpesvirus (FHV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) is critical both in young kittens after the decline of maternal antibodies and in cats at high risk of exposure. The onset of immunity for the core components was evaluated in 8–9 week old specific pathogen free kittens by challenge 1 week after vaccination with a combined modified live (FPV, FHV) and inactivated (FCV) vaccine. The protection obtained 1 week after vaccination was compared to that obtained when the challenge was performed 3–4 weeks after vaccination. The protocol consisted of a single injection for vaccination against FPV and two injections 4 weeks apart for FHV and FCV.At 1 week after vaccination, the kittens showed no FPV-induced clinical signs or leukopenia following challenge, and after FCV and FHV challenges the clinical score was significantly lower in vaccinated animals than in controls. Interestingly, the relative efficacy of the vaccination was comparable whether the animals were challenged 1 week or 3–4 weeks after vaccination, indicating that the onset of protection occurred within 7 days of vaccination. Following the 1-week challenge, excretion of FPV, FHV and FCV was significantly reduced in vaccinated cats compared to control kittens, confirming the onset of immunity within 7 days of vaccination.