Actinomycetes in organic mulch used in avocado plantations and their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi

Actinomycetes isolated from the organic mulch used in avocado plantations in Western Australia were studied to examine their ability to suppress Phytophthora cinnamomi. All the 1600 isolates tested inhibited the pathogen in vitro with inhibition rates of >0.5. The inhibition rates achieved by actinomycetes isolated from fresh and pathogen-infested mulch were not significantly different, but the isolates tested differed in their ability to suppress the pathogen and/or the disease. Some of the isolates that inhibited the pathogen were also harmful to plant growth.     

土壤放线菌分离方法研究

研究了土壤放线菌的分离方法,结果表明:培养基中加入150mg/L重铬酸钾,既有利于放线菌的生长,又能抑制真菌和细菌的生长;土样在28℃或室温风干10～20d后,制成10%土壤悬浮液,40～50℃、pH7条件下,加6%酵母膏(或6%蛋白胨)和0.05%SD(S5mmol/L磷酸缓冲液),振荡10～20min,灭菌水稀释成1%后,与含250mg/L重铬酸钾的高氏1号琼脂培养基制成平板,最有利于放线菌的分离。     

弗兰克氏菌转化研究初报

完成了弗兰克氏菌菌株C101,Cc01,CcR03,At4,Hr16和CG01的原生质体分离及Cc01原生质体的再生。将菌丝转化技术用于弗兰克氏菌的转化研究,结果发现,pLAFRI上的四环素抗性基因能在Cc01中表达。此外,Cc01具有卡那霉素抗性。     

微生态复合菌制剂在对虾养殖中的应用研究

以芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌为主体菌,并辅以放线菌组成的微生态复合菌制剂用于对虾养殖中,探讨了它们对养殖水体理化因子、生物因子和对虾生长的影响。模拟试验结果表明,投加微生态复合菌制剂后,试验池6dCODCr去除率高达84.7%;迅速矿化有机氮,有效加强硝化-反硝化作用,控制NH4-N在一定水平,NO2-N去除率高达81.5%;pH稳定在8.0～8.3之间,DO保持在5mg·L-1的较高水平。虾池长期监测结果表明,试验池水质各项指标均优于对照池;无任何大规模虾病发生;未出现“耍食”现象。试验池比对照池增产近1倍,成本降低近80%。     

不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸微生物变化研究

研究不同腐烂程度毛竹蔸中的微生物菌群,结果发现细菌对数值最低为5.477,最高为7.380;真菌对数值最低为5.301,最高为6.903;放线菌对数值最低为5.740,最高为7.000;纤维素降解菌对数值最低为4.301,最高为6.477;木质素降解菌最低为4.415,最高为6.799。毛竹蔸腐烂过程中,前期各菌增长较快;中期细菌、真菌、放线菌对数值不断变化;后期菌对数值都较高;各菌之间存在着一定的协助和竞争。了解竹林砍伐前期的竹蔸腐烂规律,可为砍伐后的竹蔸降解提供参考,同时为竹蔸微生物在种级单位上的分离提供依据。     

放线菌对番茄灰霉病和早疫病的拮抗作用研究

在室内对峙培养的基础上,对接种放线菌F的盆栽番茄植株接种早疫病A1、灰霉病菌B1进行田间抗性鉴定.结果表明:F菌株对2种靶标真菌均有一定的抑制作用.接种F A1、F B1的番茄植株,病情指数要明显低于对照,差异极显著.接种放线茵表现为不同程度的发病症状,且生长势差.接种生防菌真菌F对番茄PPO、POD具有一定诱导作用,在"放线菌-病原菌"双菌体系中对番茄叶片MDA含量有明显的抑制作用,双茵处理的番茄叶片、茎MDA含量明显低于单接番茄病原菌处理.     

陕西及宁夏盐渍土中拮抗放线菌资源研究

以分离自盐渍土中的放线菌作为供试菌株,以养殖业中常见的9种动物病原菌作为靶标菌进行拮抗放线菌研究,并对4株优良拮抗菌株进行初步鉴定。结果表明,供试的1 172株放线菌主要以链霉菌属为主,占到88.82%,有拮抗活性的菌株551株,占到47.01%;供试放线菌对不同靶标菌的抑菌作用差异较大,对金黄色球菌和无乳链球菌拮抗效果较好;菌株01F10为白孢类群,与Streptomyces qinglanensis亲缘关系最近,序列相似度为99.11%;菌株02H13和14H03为粉红孢类群,与Streptomyces gobitricini序列相似度达到100%;菌株07F10为灰褐类群,与Streptomyces sparsus亲缘关系最近,序列相似度为99.69%。     

贵州矿区放线菌多样性及对汞的抗性

为探明贵州喀斯特重金属污染区域土壤放线菌多样性特征以及为其污染修复应用奠定基础,从贵州铜仁地区的25份土壤样品中,采用梯度稀释涂布法,利用3种处理方式、7种培养基分离放线菌;通过形态特征、16SrDNA基因序列分析结合生理生化特征鉴定放线菌;同时筛选重金属汞抗性菌株。结果从土样中共分离出56株典型放线菌菌株,经初步鉴定,分属于链霉菌属、孢囊链霉菌属、高温单孢菌属、线杆菌属、间孢囊菌属、诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属;其中链霉菌属放线菌占68%。筛选出了1株对汞有较高抗性(75mg·L~(-1))的放线菌菌株,优良耐受菌株的最大抗性约85 mg·L~(-1),菌株经鉴定为枝链霉菌Streptomyces rameus。共分离出56株,分属于7个属的放线菌菌株;筛选出1株重金属汞高抗菌株,经鉴定为枝链霉菌。     

Effect of organic nitrogen fertilizers on microbial populations associated with bermudagrass putting greens

 Four natural organic fertilizers, alone or in combination with the synthetic organic fertilizer isobutylidene diurea (IBDU), were compared with IBDU alone for their effect on soil/root microbial populations associated with bermudagrass grown on a golf course putting green in southern Florida, USA. Populations of total fungi, total bacteria, fluorescent pseudomonads, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, actinomycetes and heat-tolerant bacteria were monitored every 3 months during the 2-year study. On only one sampling date and for only one bacterial population (S. maltophilia) was a significant difference in microbial populations obtained among the fertilizer treatments. However, the S. maltophilia populations associated with the natural organic fertilizer treatments were not significantly different from the synthetic organic IBDU fertilizer treatment. Received: 4 April 1997     

Micromonospora: An important microbe for biomedicine and potentially for biocontrol and biofuels

Micromonospora species have long been recognized as important sources of antibiotics and also for their unusual spores. However, their involvement in plant-microbe associations is poorly understood although several studies demonstrate that Micromonospora species function in biocontrol, plant growth promotion, root ecology, and in the breakdown of plant cell wall material. Our knowledge of this generally understudied group of actinomycetes has been greatly advanced by the increasing number of reports of their associations with plants, by the deployment of DNA cloning and molecular systematics techniques, and by the recent application of whole genome sequencing. Efforts to annotate the genomes of several Micromonospora species are underway. This information will greatly augment our knowledge of these versatile microorganisms.