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1.
Maintaining or improving soil quality is crucial for agricultural productivity. This study was undertaken on the north coast of Cuba with the objective to select soil quality indicators to characterise Vertisols. For the selection of soil quality indicators, we have conducted four field experiments where organic fertilisers (sugarcane filter cake, compost) and natural minerals (dolomite, zeolite) were applied. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) was used in all experiments. Soil properties were determined such as the amount of water-stable aggregates, permeability, plastic limit, pH in water, pH in KCl, organic matter, P2O5 and K2O. The sugarcane yield components such as cane yield (t ha?1) and sucrose yield (t ha?1) were evaluated. Principal components analysis and simple regression analysis were also performed. Both organic matter and water-stable aggregates were closely related to cane yield, with r values of 0.87–0.97. The properties with best responses to treatments over time were permeability, water-stable aggregates, degree of soil aggregation and organic matter; therefore, they can be considered as soil quality indicators for the studied Vertisols.  相似文献   
2.
天然沸石对猪场厌氧发酵液中氨氮吸附作用的试验研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为达到利用人工湿地处理高氨氮污水的目的,采用天然沸石作为人工湿地基质,对比研究了天然沸石对NH4Cl溶液和猪场厌氧发酵液中氨氮的等温吸附特征、吸附动力学过程,考察了吸附时间、氨氮初始浓度、沸石用量对沸石吸附氨氮的影响。结果表明,Freundlich方程较Langmuir方程能更为准确地描述天然沸石对两种水质中氨氮的等温吸附特征;在两种水质中,单分子层饱和吸附量分别为16.20mg·g-1和3.85mg·g-1。天然沸石对氨氮的吸附作用受吸附时间、氨氮初始浓度及沸石用量影响较大,在两种水质中,沸石对氨氮的吸附过程在0~8h内均随时间显著上升,到48h时达到吸附平衡;当采用NH4Cl溶液时,初始氨氮的浓度由10mg·L-1增加到500mg·L-1时,平衡吸附量由0.19mg·g-1增加到5.91mg·g-1;当采用猪场厌氧发酵液时,初始氨氮的浓度由39.4mg·L-1增加到502.9mg·L-1时,平衡吸附量由0.63mg·g-1增加到3.20mg·g-1;增加沸石用量,可以提高氨氮的去除率,但单位质量沸石的氨氮吸附量随之降低。准二级动力学可以很好地描述天然沸石吸附两种水质中氨氮的动力学过程;由模型得出的天然沸石...  相似文献   
3.
以除铁以后的煤矸石为主要原料,经煅烧和碱熔后,再配料进行水热晶化,得到了P型分子筛。运用正交试验,获得了最优工艺条件为:n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=3.3,n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=1.3,n(H2O)/n(Na2O)=60,在60℃老化3 h、93℃晶化7 h。产物经XRD及SEM检测,为纯净的P型分子筛。  相似文献   
4.
A soilless pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different growing substrates on vegetative and reproductive growth of bell pepper. The growing substrates consisted of: rice hull (100%), perlite (100%), coarse saw dust (100%), rice hull (75%)+zeolite (25%), perlite (75%)+zeolite (25%), saw dust (75%)+zeolite (25%), rice hull (50%)+perlite (50%), saw dust (50%)+perlite (50%), and rice hull (50%)+saw dust (50%) (by volume). Results showed that for all measured vegetative traits the highest and lowest amount was related to the plants grown in the perlite+zeolite and pure rice hull or saw dust, respectively. Results also showed that using perlite+zeolite as the media produced the highest fruit number and yield, while plant grown in the saw dust+zeolite produced the lowest fruit number. According to the results, adding zeolite and perlite to rice hull or saw dust in most cases, significantly increased the pepper yield compared with their pure treatments.  相似文献   
5.
Protective effects of nanochitosan/zeolite composite besides zeolite and chitosan/zeolite composite on rainbow trout growth, digestive enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were studied. Nanochitosan/zeolite hybrid composites with three different ratio of nanochitosan:zeolite (35:100, 3.5:100 and 0.35:100) were synthesized and analysed by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravim (TG) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. Prepared composites as well as zeolite and control diets were fed to rainbow trout (50 g) for a period of 60 days. The addition of treated diets significantly improved growth performance compared to the control diet. Supplemental zeolite could only enhance the amylase activity in fish intestine, whereas other treatment groups could increase the pepsin activity besides intestinal alkaline phosphatase, trypsin and amylase activities. No differences were observed for intestinal acid phosphatase and lipase activities among the experimental diets. Meanwhile, serum total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation product, indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA), significantly increased and decreased, respectively, with some doses of administration, indicating the elevated antioxidant status in treatment groups. Serum‐specific marker enzymes, namely aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were not affected in all groups. Meanwhile serum total protein in most treatment groups was significantly higher than the control group. Results showed that synthesized composites especially nanochitosan/zeolite composite at 5 g/kg had potential to enhance growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and some biochemical parameters in rainbow trout.  相似文献   
6.
在不同处理条件下,进行分子筛(4A型与13X型)对木材阻燃剂聚磷酸铵(APP)处理试件的载药量、吸湿性、氧指数的影响试验。结果表明,随着APP浓度的升高,处理材的载药量、吸湿率与氧指数均呈上升趋势;分子筛在增大木材载药量的同时可降低其吸湿率;20%的APP与2%的4A分子筛复配溶液处理杨木单板的载药量最高,为51.11 kg/m3;2种分子筛使木材的吸湿率降低了14%~18%;浓度为15%的APP处理木材的氧指数为48.7%,加入2%的4A或13X分子筛后,杨木单板的氧指数分别为41.5%与46.7%,均达到难燃B1级材料的氧指数标准。  相似文献   
7.
The anionic nature and high cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clinoptilolite zeolite can be exploited to reduce ammonia (NH3) loss from urea and to improve soil chemical properties to increase nutrient utilization efficiency in lowland rice cultivation. A closed-dynamic airflow system was used to determine NH3 loss from treatments (20, 40, and 60 g clinoptilolite zeolite pot?1). Seed germination study was conducted to evaluate the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite on rice seed germination. A pot study was conducted to determine the effects of clinoptilolite zeolite on rice plant growth variables, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and soil chemical properties. Standard procedures were used to determine NH3 loss, rice plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, dry matter production, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and soil chemical properties. Application of clinoptilolite zeolite (15%) increased shoot elongation of seedlings and significantly reduced NH3 loss (up to 26% with 60 g zeolite pot?1), and increased number of leaves, total dry matter, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, soil pH, CEC, and exchangeable Na+. Amending acid soils with clinoptilolite zeolite can significantly minimize NH3 loss and improve rice plant growth variables, nutrient uptake, nutrient recovery, and soil chemical properties. These findings are being validated in our ongoing field trials.  相似文献   
8.
从辽东湾沿岸受石油污染的沉积物中筛选得到一株石油降解菌株BHB-16,对该菌进行了形态以及16SrDNA系统发育分析,初步确定该菌株为Lutibacterium菌属。应用沸石和珊瑚石作为载体进行该菌株的固定化研究,确定当沸石作为载体时,固定化的最佳条件为:菌株接种量为0.6mL,培养时间28h,载体投加量为10mL;选用珊瑚石为载体时,固定化的最佳条件为:菌株接种量为0.6mL,培养时间29h,载体投加量为12mL;此外,用沸石和珊瑚石固定后的菌株,其对于柴油的降解率相对于游离菌分别提高了14.4%和29.6%,初步选用珊瑚石作为载体进行菌株的固定化使其具有更好的石油降解能力。  相似文献   
9.
不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土的改良效果   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探究不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土的改良效果,以河北省中捷友谊农场学院路的滨海盐渍土为研究对象,试验设定5种不同的改良处理:TR1(有机改良剂+天然沸石)、TR2(园林废弃物+天然沸石)、TR3(有机改良剂+园林废弃物+天然沸石)、TR4(天然沸石)、TR5(有机改良剂)以及CK(对照),进行田间试验,分别于改良1个月后以及改良1a后取样,分析并测定土壤8大离子质量分数以及土壤全盐量。结果表明:改良1个月后,5种改良处理均能显著地降低土壤Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2)质量分数和全盐量;TR2处理和TR4处理能显著降低土壤中K~+质量分数;除TR5处理外,其他4种处理均能显著降低土壤中Na+和Cl-质量分数;只有TR5处理能够显著降低土壤中HCO_3~-质量分数和pH值。改良1a后,5种改良处理均能显著地降低土壤K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2)质量分数和全盐量;除TR5处理外,其他4个改良处理均能显著降低Na~+质量分数;改良后土壤pH值和HCO_3~-质量分数均无显著变化。因此,有机改良剂、天然沸石和园林废弃物作为改良土壤降盐材料均有助于滨海盐碱地改良,达到降盐效果。  相似文献   
10.
Synthetic aggregates (SA) were developed as alternative potting media for ornamental plant production. Four different types of SA were developed from low productive acidic soil and paper waste with adding different types of compost amendments. Compost amendments used in the experiment were cattle manure compost, chicken manure compost, and leaf manure compost. Popular ornamental plant french marigold (Tagetes patula) was used in this experiment. SA with different compost amendments gave considerable physical and chemical parameters compared to commercial zeolite media. Moreover, plant grown in SA media showed better growth and nutritional parameters compared to plant grown in zeolite media. The plant height, number of flowers per plant, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight and root dry weight obtained from three different compost based SA were increased by in the ranges of 8.14--14.41%, 5.66--9.46%, 25.52--31.47%, 9.44--16.13%, 6.14--9.23%, 2.40--8.47% and 8.85--17.05%, respectively, compared to zeolite control.  相似文献   
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