1例犬畸胎瘤的诊疗报告

2018年12月内蒙古农业大学动物医院接收一病犬,其外阴异常增大,生殖道口有淡红色液体流出,触诊阴门内有一肿瘤硬物,表面光滑,呈淡粉色,不规则形状,初步诊断为阴道肿瘤。手术切除后经组织病理学检查,证实为未成熟的畸胎瘤。     

海南五指山国家级自然保护区石松类和蕨类植物区系研究

五指山国家级自然保护区位于海南岛中南部腹地山区,其石松类和蕨类植物区系目前尚未系统研究。在野外调查、标本鉴定和文献整理的基础上,对其区系进行研究。结果表明,五指山石松类和蕨类植物区系由28科95属288种(及种下分类单位)组成,优势科有6科,分别为水龙骨科、凤尾蕨科、鳞毛蕨科、蹄盖蕨科、铁角蕨科、金星蕨科。该区区系地理成分复杂,其中热带性科、属、种的比例分别为100%、91.2%、84.7%,显示出该区系明显的热带性质。从种的层次来看,热带亚洲分布类型是五指山石松类和蕨类植物区系的显著成分,该区系尤其与中南半岛的石松类和蕨类区系有密切联系,此外,该区系兼有一定的东亚成分和少量的海南特有成分。与7个邻近地区的石松类和蕨类区系比较,与鹦哥岭亲缘最密切,与尖峰岭的亲缘关系次之,再次为云开山、弄岗、赣江源,而与独龙江地区、麻阳河亲缘较远。五指山自然保护区分布着珍稀的石松类和蕨类植物,9种为国家二级保护植物,4种为受威胁程度达到极危的植物。     

富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质、肠道菌群及结构的影响

本试验旨在研究富锗酵母培养物对下笼蛋鸡肉品质及肠道的影响。选取505日龄健康的海兰褐壳蛋鸡480只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加12、16、20 mg/kg的富锗酵母菌培养物。预试期7 d,正试期为42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肉的蒸煮损失分别降低45.2%、33.6%、39.7%(P<0.01),pH均高于对照组(P<0.01);16mg/kg组腿肌的亮度(L~*)低于对照组(P<0.05);12、16、20 mg/kg组腿肌的剪切力分别比对照组低44.13%、56.07%、50.60%(P<0.01);各试验组胸肌pH均高于对照组(P<0.01),16mg/kg组的pH高于12、20mg/kg组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,16mg/kg组乳酸菌数量升高(P<0.05);空肠中,各试验组的绒毛长度高于对照组(P<0.01);16、20 mg/kg组绒毛长度/隐窝深度高于对照组(P<0.01)。结果显示,日粮中添加富锗酵母培养物可以改善下笼蛋鸡小肠的形态结构和肠道菌群平衡,提高鸡肉品质,建议添加量为16 mg/kg。     

Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes,colonic immune factors,fecal odor,and fecal flora in mice

To evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN-γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF-κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL-1α, IL-21, IL-22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF-α, and the colonic AHR and NF-κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL-21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.     

棉籽糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用

棉籽糖是植物界中分布最广泛的低聚糖之一。棉籽糖能促进双歧杆菌的增殖和调节肠道菌群平衡,还具有免疫调节、抗氧化、保肝作用等特殊生理功能。文章综述棉籽糖的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展,为棉籽糖在动物生产的应用中的进一步开发和利用提供参考。     

Effect of herbicide application on weed flora under conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe

Increased challenges of weed control in the smallholder farming sector of southern Africa have often resulted in small yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different weed control strategies on weed flora and composition under conservation agriculture (CA) systems in Zimbabwe. This study was conducted at three on-station trial sites namely Domboshawa Training Centre (DTC), University of Zimbabwe farm (UZ farm) and Henderson Research Station (HRS) in a maize–soybean rotation for four seasons from 2009–2010 to 2012–2013 seasons. Hand weeding was done whenever weeds were 10 cm tall or 10 cm in circumference for weeds with a stoloniferous growth habit. Weed identification was done up to the weed species level, and the Shannon–Weiner diversity and evenness index was used to determine the response of weed flora to herbicides. Results showed that there were more weeds in the early years which decreased gradually until the final season. Weed species diversity was not affected by herbicide application and the results indicated that weed species diversity was small in CA systems. Annual weed species constituted a greater proportion of species, and species richness decreased with the duration of the study. Richardia scabra L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav. were the most common dominant weed species at all sites and in all seasons. Moreover, herbicide application had no effect on the evenness of weeds in the plots but site characteristics had a significant effect on the distribution of weed species (weed species evenness). The results presented in this study suggest that herbicide application facilitates a depletion of weed seed bank/number of weeds over time. Thus, herbicide application in CA has potential to reduce weed density, species richness and species diversity in the long term which may lead to more labour savings and larger yields.     

无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究无抗发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能、肠道菌群和养分表观消化率的影响。选择18 kg左右断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂含抗生素基础饲粮(每千克含黄霉素5 mg),试验组饲喂80%基础饲粮和20%的无抗发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮。试验期154 d。结果表明:1)试验组的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量都显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料重比则显著低于对照组(P0.05)。2)试验组中期和后期的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05),而试验组中期和后期的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量的对数值显著低于对照组(P0.05)。3)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道食糜中的乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)在十二指肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验组肠道每克黏膜的大肠杆菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在空肠肠段,试验组肠道每克和每平方厘米黏膜的乳酸菌数量的对数值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。5)试验组的粗蛋白质和粗纤维的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,无抗发酵饲料能提高生长育肥猪的生长性能,改善肠道微生物平衡,增强消化能力。     

肠道菌群对仔鸡肠道发育、黏膜形态和免疫器官发育的影响

本试验旨在以"无菌鸡"为模型,研究添加鸡源性乳酸菌和盲肠内容物后,对仔鸡肠道发育、黏膜形态及免疫器官发育的影响。试验选用无特定病原体(SPF)种蛋80枚,经无菌孵化后,选择健康仔鸡60羽,分3组(每组20羽),转入3台无菌隔离器内饲养,并分别饲喂:无菌饲粮(CT组)、无菌饲粮+乳酸菌液(LB组)、无菌饲粮+鸡盲肠内容物(CC组);饲养21 d后试验结束,于试验7、14、21日齡从各组取6只进行屠宰,测定鸡肠道各段长度和免疫器官重量,并对肠道黏膜形态显微观察。结果显示:饲喂乳酸菌或盲肠内容物的仔鸡各阶段中的空肠长度均高于CT组,盲肠长度和体积均低于CT组的无菌鸡;仔鸡的脾脏指数高于CT组(P=0.010);饲喂乳酸菌或盲肠内容物后仔鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠隐窝深度降低、绒毛高度/隐窝深度增大。本试验说明,饲喂肠道菌群能促进仔鸡肠道发育,盲肠体积变小;同时促进脾脏的发育,提高机体免疫力。     

抗菌肽对发酵床饲养仔猪抗氧化指标、免疫指标及肠道主要菌群数量的影响

为研究发酵床饲养模式下饲粮中添加抗菌肽对仔猪生长性能、抗氧化指标、免疫指标及盲肠主要菌群数量的影响,选用108头35日龄,体重13kg左右的健康苏钟猪,随机分为3组,每组3重复,每重复12头猪,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+40mg/kg杆菌肽锌+20mg/kg硫酸抗敌素(抗生素组)和基础饲粮+300 mg/kg抗菌肽(抗菌肽组),试验期49d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够显著提高仔猪血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05),极显著降低肝脏丙二醛含量(P0.01);抗菌肽组肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性比抗生素组极显著提高(P0.01)。(2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够极显著提高仔猪十二指肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P0.01);抗菌肽组仔猪血清IgA含量分别比对照组和抗生素组提高4.03%、2.27%,抗菌肽组空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量比对照组提高10.70%,但差异均不显著(P0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加抗菌肽能够显著降低仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P0.05);细菌总数降低5.98%,但差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加300mg/kg的抗菌肽能够提高仔猪抗氧化和免疫功能;减少仔猪盲肠中大肠杆菌数量,而对盲肠有益菌群无不良影响。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对发酵床饲养仔猪生长性能、消化酶活性及肠道主要菌群数量的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵床饲养模式下日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对仔猪生长性能、胰腺和小肠黏膜消化酶活性及肠道主要菌群数量的影响。选用108头体重13kg左右的35日龄健康苏钟猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+40mg/kg杆菌肽锌+20mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素(抗生素组)、基础日粮+300mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(益生菌组)的试验日粮。预试期7d,正试期52d。结果表明:1与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够在一定程度上提高仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量,降低料重比,但各组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。2与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够极显著提高仔猪胰腺中淀粉酶活性、十二指肠黏膜中麦芽糖酶活性和空肠黏膜中乳糖酶活性(P0.01),十二指肠黏膜和空肠黏膜中蔗糖酶活性显著提高(P0.05)。3与对照组相比,日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够显著提高仔猪盲肠芽孢杆菌数量(P0.05);乳酸杆菌数量较对照组提高4.09%,大肠杆菌数量较对照组降低4.86%,但均未达到显著水平(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,日粮中添加300mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌能够提高发酵床饲养仔猪胰腺、小肠黏膜消化酶活性及盲肠芽孢杆菌数量,同时仔猪生长性能也在一定程度上有所改善。