提高耐磨与破碎性的仿生凹坑形磨辊设计与试验

为了提高水泥辊压机磨辊的耐磨性与破碎性,以仿生非光滑理论为指导,在磨辊表面设计并加工出具有不同直径、不同深度、不同轴向间距及周向个数的仿生凹坑形结构,根据正交表编制试验方案并对磨辊进行磨损及破碎性试验。试验结果表明,仿生凹坑形结构可以有效提高磨辊的耐磨性与破碎性。相对于标准磨辊,其耐磨性最大提高29.06%,破碎性最大提高18.7%。当仿生磨辊的凹坑直径为8 mm、凹坑深度为2 mm、轴向凹坑间距为16 mm、周向凹坑个数为12时,是兼具耐磨性及破碎性的最优辊。通过有限元方法对磨辊所受应力进行分析时发现,合理的仿生凹坑形结构可以优化磨辊表层受力,减少磨辊磨损;磨辊挤压石英砂破碎时受到的最大挤压力是影响其破碎性的重要因素。通过单颗粒石英砂破碎试验可知,仿生凹坑形结构减少了石英砂对其表面的刻划,分散了石英砂对其表面的挤压力,提高了磨辊的耐磨性及破碎性。     

低温对小麦麸皮拉伸力学特性参数的影响

为了揭示温度对小麦麸皮破碎性能的影响规律,选取?80～30℃作为试验温度,利用动态热机械分析仪(DMA)对小麦麸皮试样进行拉伸破坏试验,研究温度对小麦麸皮杨氏模量、极限应力、极限应变等力学特性参数的影响。结果表明:随着试验温度的下降,小麦麸皮逐渐由弹塑性材料转变为脆性材料,玻璃化转变温度为?80℃。杨氏模量随着温度的下降而显著增大,?80℃时的杨氏模量增大了93.14%。极限应力对温度的变化似乎不太敏感,在整个温度变化范围内的增幅较小,约为14.58%。极限应变随着温度的下降而减小,在整个温度变化范围内,极限应变降低了66.68%。液氮消耗量随着温度的下降而呈线性升高,?80℃时的液氮消耗量是?40℃的1.74倍,是?10℃的2.94倍。同时发现,在?10℃附近杨氏模量、极限应力、极限应变、液氮消耗量均出现了一个局部极小值现象。综合考虑小麦麸皮力学特性与冷媒消耗量之间的关系,低温粉碎小麦麸皮的适宜温度可取?40～0℃。基于试验结果,分别给出了杨氏模量、极限应力、极限应变、液氮消耗量关于温差的函数关系式。研究结果初步揭示了低温脆化对小麦麸皮力学特性参数的影响规律,可为小麦麸皮超微粉碎温度的选择提供参考。     

贵州碾茶茶园覆网方式浅析

贵州碾茶茶园覆网方式主要有直接覆盖、隧道式覆盖和大棚覆盖3种,其中直接覆盖成本最低,用工最少,操作简单,但容易使蓬面芽叶受损或被灼伤,芽叶产量相对偏低且品质有所下降;大棚覆盖成本最高,用工最多,操作复杂,但蓬面芽叶较完整,受损小,产量较高,芽叶品质有所提高;隧道式覆盖一次性投入比大棚覆盖少,但实际操作时用工较多,芽叶品质则位于前两者之间。     

切纸圆刀专用磨床及配套夹具的研制

对造纸行业切纸用的各种小型圆刀结构及研磨设备进行系统研究,研制出专用磨床,并对其传动原理、基本结构、安装调试、配套夹具设计等进行了介绍。     

黄芪和板蓝根超微粉的粒径观察及其抗鸡新城疫病毒效果

为探讨黄芪、板蓝根超微粉的抗病毒作用,应用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜观察了黄芪和板蓝根超微粉的粉体粒度及其破壁情况,通过鸡胚接种试验观察2种中草药超微粉对鸡新城疫病毒的抑制作用。结果表明:黄芪和板蓝根超微粉的粒度分布中心D_(50)分别为10.10μm和8.31μm;2种中草药超微粉的破壁情况良好,电镜下只能观察到不完整的细胞壁,为组织碎片。黄芪和板蓝根超微粉对新城疫病毒最小抑制剂量分别为1 562.5、781.2μg/m L,以板蓝根抗病毒效果较好。     

磨片精磨区纤维轨迹模型的建立及磨齿作用频数的求解

通过对热磨机磨片精磨区内纤维运动的分析,阐述了纤维的流体特性;根据流体力学的运动学原理求解磨片精磨区间隙内纤维流体的运动轨迹模型,并建立纤维流体在精磨区内的轨迹方程;结合磨片的结构参数,运用轨迹方程推导磨齿作用频数的数学表达式,并通过计算实际磨片的磨齿作用频数和统计纤维的研磨质量数据探究二者之间的影响关系。结果表明:纤维流体在精磨区内的流动属于库特流动,并符合Naiver提出的线性滑移模型;其运动轨迹呈螺旋形,主要受磨片角速度、磨片间隙、磨片齿倾角的影响;磨齿作用频数受磨片结构参数影响,并与纤维的研磨质量具有相关性,合理的磨齿作用频数能够保证较高的纤维质量。     

Error analysis of worm grinding wheel precise dressing by diamond roller with straight profile

In worm grinding wheel dressing with diamond roller, using straight line instead of theoretical curve of roller will result in dressing error. Method of the precise dressing is studied, while the mathematical model is presented. Theoretical curve of diamond roller is calculated based on the space meshing theory and helicoid equation of worm grinding wheel. The fitting error between the theoretical curve and approximate straight line which is obtained by the theoretical curve is calculated. The dressing error on normal section of worm grinding wheel is analyzed. The case study of a kind of worm grinding wheel with single head shows that the dressing error increases with diameter decreasing of worm grinding wheel and diamond roller, while the variation of diamond roller’s diameter makes little contribution. The validity of worm grinding wheel dressing using straight line diamond roller is proved, and the algorithm can be used as guidance in practice.     

ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)对cBN陶瓷砂轮性能的影响

通过DSC -TG综合热分析、X衍射分析、线膨胀测试仪、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了ZnO/Na 2 O(mol)（ Z 值）对Li 2 O -K 2 O -SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 系陶瓷结合剂及立方氮化硼砂轮性能的影响，结果发现：ZnO能够抑制α -石英晶相析出，诱导析出低膨胀晶体Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 ，并随着 Z 值的增加，α -石英减少，Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶体逐渐增多， Li 2 OAl 2 O 3 7.5SiO 2 晶型结构趋于完整，晶粒尺寸减小，结构更加致密；当砂轮配方一定时，砂轮的体积密度、抗弯曲强度、洛氏硬度均随着 Z 值的增加而增大，气孔率减小，磨削（干磨）铸铁（QT400）时磨耗比先增加后减小；当 Z =0.75时，结合剂的膨胀系数为6.902 9×10 -6 K - 1 ，耐火度为805 ℃，砂轮的烧结温度为845 ℃，抗弯曲强度为73.97 MPa，气孔率为15.65%，磨耗比最大为156.42%.     

Effect of ingredient particle sizes and dietary viscosity on digestion and faecal waste of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus)

The ingredients’ particle size and dietary viscosity may alter digestion, performance and faecal waste management of fish. This study aimed to assess the effect of grinding screen sizes of feed ingredients and dietary viscosity on digestibility, faecal waste and performance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878). The experiment had a 2 × 3 factorial‐design: two feed mesh particle sizes, by grinding ingredient mixtures at two screen sizes (0.8 versus 1.0 mm); and three dietary viscosity levels, created by exchanging carboxymethylcellulose by guar gum (GG) (0, 3 and 6 g of GG/kg of diet). Six diets were assigned to 18 tanks, each connected to three faecal settling tanks. All aquaria were stocked with 20 fish (82 g per fish). After 52 experimental days, dietary viscosity negatively affected both feed digestibility and performance of striped catfish; as a result, the amount of organic matter in the culture system through faeces had increased significantly. The coarse diets significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter and carbohydrate but worsened feed conversion ratio. Increasing dietary viscosity tended to increase the viscosity and moisture content of the faeces, but significantly accelerated the faecal disintegration through the reduction of both faecal recovery and the amount of recovered faeces.     

Superfine grinding improves functional properties and antioxidant capacities of bran dietary fibre from Qingke (hull-less barley) grown in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

The effect of particle size of hull-less barley (HLB) bran DF on antioxidant and physicochemical properties was investigated. HLB bran and extracted DF was ground by regular and superfine grinding, their particle sizes were determined using laser diffraction method. The results showed that superfine grinding could significantly pulverize DF particles to micro-scale; the particle size distribution was close to a Gaussian distribution. The soluble DF in HLB bran was increased effectively with superfine grinding. Insoluble DF with submicron scale showed increased total phenolic content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). With particle size reduction, the water retention capacity (WRC), swelling capacity (SC), oil binding capacity (OBC), and nitrite ion absorption capacity (NIAC) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the water holding capacity (WHC) had no significant change. A kind of health beneficial DF with higher soluble DF content, WRC, SC, OBC, NIAC and antioxidant activity was obtained using superfine grinding.