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1.
Vitamin A deficiency in humans is a widespread health problem. Quality protein maize (QPM) is a popular food rich in lysine and tryptophan, but poor in provitamin A (proA). Here, we report the improvement of an elite QPM inbred, HKI1128Q for proA using marker‐assisted introgression of crtRB1‐favourable allele. HKI1128 was one of the parental lines of three popular hybrids in India and was converted to QPM in our earlier programme. Severe segregation distortion for crtRB1 was observed in BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2. Background selection by 100 SSRs revealed mean recovery of 91.07% recurrent parent genome varying from 88.78% to 93.88%. Across years, introgressed progenies possessed higher mean β‐carotene (BC: 9.22 µg/g), β‐cryptoxanthin (BCX: 3.05 µg/g) and provitamin A (proA: 10.75 µg/g) compared to HKI1128Q (BC: 2.26 µg/g, BCX: 2.26 µg/g and proA: 3.38 µg/g). High concentration of essential amino acids, viz. lysine (mean: 0.303%) and tryptophan (0.080%) in endosperm, was also retained. Multi‐year evaluation showed that introgressed progenies possessed similar grain yield (1,759–1,879 kg/ha) with HKI1128Q (1,778 kg/ha). Introgressed progenies with higher lysine, tryptophan and proA hold immense potential as donors and parents in developing biofortified hybrids.  相似文献   
2.
Cinnamate‐4‐hydroxylase (CA4H), a cytochrome P450‐dependent monooxygenase, plays crucial roles in phenylpropanoid metabolism and plant defense. Previously, the authors showed that the expression of CA4H was induced in response to an allelopathic substance in Eupatorium adenophorum. Here, the full‐length cDNA of EaCA4H was cloned by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The 1518 bp open reading frame of EaCA4H was deduced to encode a protein of 505 amino acid residues. Like other CA4H proteins, the predicted EaCA4H polypeptides contained conserved domains of cytochrome P450. A Southern blot analysis indicated that at least five copies of EaCA4H exists in the genome of E. adenophorum. Subcellular localization revealed nuclear‐localized EaCA4H–green fluorescent protein fusion protein in onion epidermal cells. Heterologous silencing of endogenous CA4H in tobacco by a conserved EaCA4H fragment resulted in reduced expressions of key enzymatic genes and the production of downstream flavonoids in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Intriguingly, similar effects were observed in transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing EaCA4H. Altogether, the results indicate that the disturbed expression of CA4H in plants leads to relatively low expression levels of key enzymatic genes and the accumulation of the flavonoids that are involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism.  相似文献   
3.
唐赟  敬珊  邹书珍  冀黎骏  杨雪  余小丽 《安徽农业科学》2017,45(36):131-134,153
[目的]对一株石油烃降解菌TY22的烷烃羟化酶基因alkB克隆测序,并对其外源表达和功能进行研究。[方法]PCR扩增获得alkB基因部分序列,再根据该序列通过染色体步移技术,最终获得完整CDS序列。将alkB基因与pET21b(+)载体构建重组质粒,并转入E.coli BL21(DE3)进行表达。再将alkB基因克隆至pCom8载体中,分别转入E.coli GEc137(p GEc47△B)和Pseudomonas fluorescens KOB2Δ1进行基因功能的互补试验。[结果]染色体步移获得了1 236 bp的烷烃羟化酶基因完整CDS序列(Gen Bank Accession:KU867870)。诱导表达发现,重组菌在0.1 mmol/L IPTG、30℃条件下诱导培养6 h的表达效果最佳,得到与预期相符的46 kDa蛋白。基因功能互补试验发现,重组菌能在以C12~C16为唯一碳源的培养基中生长。[结论]TY22菌株的烷烃羟化酶基因完整CDS序列全长1 236 bp,能氧化C12~C16的中长链烷烃,并能在大肠杆菌中有效表达。  相似文献   
4.
Horse trekking is a noncompetitive physical activity conducted as a recreation and leisure experience, but so far potential effects on physiological changes in horses have not been investigated. The aim of the present research was to study whether trekking would affect plasma serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) concentrations in platelet poor plasma samples, together with its precursor tryptophan, and other hematological and functional variables. The study was carried out on 28 clinically healthy horses, habitually used for trekking, of which 18 participated in a 2-day trekking event, and 10 were used as the control group. The results obtained showed a significant effect of exercise on the serotonin, red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet, hematocrit, hemoglobin, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature changes. These effects are probably related to a combination of submaximal exercise and some degree of dehydration. Prolonged and aerobic exercise, like that involved in trekking, could affect both the release of 5-HT from the stores in the blood stream as well as hematological and functional adaptations in response to physical effort. Moreover, results confirm a physiological influence of 5-HT in the regulation of the vascular system, induced by exercise. The present findings imply that assessment of plasma 5-HT as well as hematological and functional variables may be proposed as an additional tool to evaluate the physiological adjustment in response to physical activity in trained horses that may influence their performance.  相似文献   
5.
近年来,一些研究发现氨基酸对提高母猪繁殖能力具有重要的作用.少量的体内和体外试验研究表明,色氨酸及其代谢物能够提高母猪繁殖能力,降低流产率.本文综述了色氨酸及其犬尿氨酸代谢对哺乳动物(主要是猪和鼠)母-胎界面免疫调节(或免疫耐受)的影响,以及色氨酸及其代谢物(如犬尿氨酸和3-羟基犬尿氨酸)对哺乳动物母-胎界面蜕膜自然杀伤(dNK)细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)和17型辅助性T细胞(Th17)的调控作用以及可能的作用机制.  相似文献   
6.
【目的】鉴定谷氨酸棒状杆菌中ncgl 2588基因编码的苯酚羟化酶,并验证其在苯酚降解中的作用。【方法】构建谷氨酸棒状杆菌ncgl 2588基因缺失突变株,比较突变株和野生型菌株利用苯酚能力的差异;同时将ncgl 2588基因克隆到表达质粒pET28a中并转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),利用IPTG诱导重组菌株原核表达,纯化并测定重组蛋白对苯酚的羟化作用。【结果】成功构建了谷氨酸棒状杆菌ncgl 2588基因缺失突变株,其在以苯酚为惟一碳源和能源的培养基中不能生长,而野生型谷氨酸棒状杆菌能正常生长;pET28a-ncgl 2588重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达分子质量为73ku的目的蛋白,此蛋白酶活为0.37mmol/(min·mg);在以苯酚为惟一碳源和能源培养谷氨酸棒状杆菌时,苯酚羟化酶得到最高表达,用其他芳香族化合物培养则苯酚羟化酶表达较少;进化树分析发现,谷氨酸棒状杆菌中的苯酚羟化酶与酵母Trichosporon cutaneum中的苯酚羟化酶序列同源性高达43%,远远高于与细菌中苯酚羟化酶的同源性。【结论】谷氨酸棒状杆菌中的ncgl 2588基因编码苯酚羟化酶,且该酶为可诱导酶,在苯酚降解中发挥着重要作用。  相似文献   
7.
在植物蜡质合成途径中,中链烷烃羟化酶(mid-chain alkane hydroxylase,MAH)催化烷烃羟基化形成二级醇,进一步氧化为酮。本研究以拟南芥P450依赖性酶CYP96A15/MAH1基因为探针,采用电子克隆与RT-PCR技术,获得2个甘蓝型油菜MAH1的全长编码区序列,分别命名为BnMAH1-1和BnMAH1-2(Gen Bank登录号分别为KT795344和KT795345)。二者ORF长度均为1491 bp,无内含子,核苷酸与氨基酸序列分别有92.4%与90.9%的一致性。根据编码区预测的BnMAH1-1和BnMAH1-2前体蛋白均为包含496个氨基酸残基的多肽链,具有典型的P450蛋白家族保守结构P415x R417x、K螺旋(E359xx R362)、C末端的血红素结合域(F436xx Gx Rx Cx G445)以及氧结合带保守区域(A/G)G309x(D/E)T312(T/S)。NCBI Blast N、氨基酸序列多重比对与系统学分析表明,两者与拟南芥MAH1/CYP96A15同源性最高。实时荧光定量PCR表明,BnMAH1-1与BnMAH1-2主要在甘蓝型油菜茎、叶、花、及角果中表达,其中在叶片中的表达量最高,在根系中的表达量很低,这与角质层蜡质主要沉积在植株地上部分相一致。BnMAH1-1和BnMAH1-2在无蜡粉材料茎、叶片中几乎不表达,表明蜡质的减少与MAH1的转录下调有关。BnMAH1-1与BnMAH1-2受SA、Me JA、ACC、ABA、Na Cl及干旱胁迫诱导表达,其中BnMAH1-1可能在水分胁迫响应中起主要作用。  相似文献   
8.
β-胡萝卜素羟化酶(beta-carotene hydroxylase,BCH)是植物类胡萝卜素合成代谢中的关键限速酶,为获得烟草β-胡萝卜素羟化酶2(NtBCH2)基因序列,采用同源克隆法从烟草中分离NtBCH2的基因组DNA序列,基因登录号为JX101477。结果表明:1)同源克隆法从烟草中克隆出NtBCH2基因,NtBCH2基因组DNA全长2131bp,cDNA为1 083bp,含7个外显子和6个内含子。2)NtBCH2蛋白有309个氨基酸,分子量为34.79kD,具有7个糖基化位点,11个磷酸化位点,4个跨膜域。3)系统发育树与BLAST分析表明,NtBCH2是番茄的SlBCH和辣椒CaBCH2的同源基因;GENEVESTIGATOR数据库芯片结果表明,NtBCH2在幼嫩的茎和子叶中表达量最高。  相似文献   
9.
色氨酸的生理功能及其在畜禽饲粮中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
色氨酸作为一种功能性必需氨基酸,可提高动物生长性能、调节采食与泌乳、增强机体抗氧化和免疫功能等。色氨酸作为饲料添加剂应用于低蛋白质饲粮中,在保证动物正常生产性能情况下,可减少蛋白质饲喂量,缓解蛋白质饲料原料紧缺问题,减轻养殖废弃物对环境造成的污染。本文从色氨酸在畜禽体内的代谢途径及其对畜禽的生理功能等方面进行综述,为色氨酸在畜牧生产中的科学合理应用提供参考。  相似文献   
10.
Phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) are important determinants of plant productivity, particularly in the tropical grasslands of Brazil. Nutrient deficiency is one of the most important factors limiting plant productivity, decreasing photosynthesis efficiency and plant development. The present study investigates in Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. ‘Marandu’: 1) the gas exchange measurements; 2) the total leaf area development; and 3) the dry matter production due to P and Zn nutrition. Plants of B. brizantha cv. ‘Marandu’ were grown in nutrient solution under five rates of P (0.1, 0.6, 1.1, 1.6, and 2.1 mmol L?1) and five rates of Zn (0.00, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, and 3.00 μmol L?1), in a fractioned factorial. Plants were harvested two times. Phosphorus supply increased carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation and stomatal conductance, and decreased intercellular CO2. The interaction P rates x Zn rates were significant for the total leaf area variables and shoot dry matter in the second growth period. The nutrition of P and Zn interfered in the B. brizantha productivity by changing the grass photosynthesis and leaf area.  相似文献   
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