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1.
研究香椿人工林在不同坡位的生长差异,为香椿人工林的培育生产提供参考。以32~39年生香椿人工林为对象,按照不同坡位(上、中、下)设置样地,测定样地内的香椿生长指标;使用Weibull函数对不同坡位林分直径分布结构进行分析;通过林木分级统计并分析各样地林分特征;解析不同坡位香椿人工林的生长过程。结果表明,试验区香椿人工林呈中高度郁闭,下坡位香椿平均树高为13.71 m,胸径为21.32 cm,南北冠幅为5.29 m,均显著最高,而上坡对应各生长指标显著最低。不同坡位香椿人工林径阶分布的Weibull模型拟合效果为下坡>上坡>中坡,拟合形状参数c均在1.0~3.6,为单峰左偏状分布,c下坡c上坡c中坡,下坡趋向于竞争期更稳定的自然稀疏后期。下坡林分林木分级集中在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,占81.48%,而上坡Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级林木占比分别为19.23%、21.79%、37.18%、20.51%,并存有少量Ⅴ级木,林木分级分布相对分散。解析香椿人工林生长过程显示,胸径、树高、材积总生长量均为下坡>中坡>下坡。试验区下坡的香椿人工林树高、胸径及冠幅均有生长优势。全试验区林分径阶分布呈单峰左偏状分布,下坡林分趋向于更稳定的自然稀疏后期,且林木分级多集中于Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,胸径、树高、材积总生长量最高。  相似文献   
2.
Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κrange = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.  相似文献   
3.
基于视觉里程计的森林样地调查系统研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以视觉里程计技术恢复连续摄影序列图像位姿,并以恢复位姿的图像为基础构建样地调查系统。该系统通过对图像位姿尺度恢复、定义样地坐标系、标记立木等过程估计样地中立木位置及胸径。用相机对12块半径为7. 5 m的圆形样地进行连续摄影,获取有序图像序列,并使用构建的样地调查系统对图像序列进行处理,以获取样地中立木位置及胸径。实验结果表明,所有样地立木位置估计值x轴与y轴方向的偏差(BIAS)分别为0. 04、-0. 03 m,均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0. 21、0. 17 m;样地中立木胸径估计值的BIAS及RMSE分别为0. 09 cm(0. 51%)和0. 88 cm(5. 03%)。  相似文献   
4.
  1. Fish assemblages in estuaries have a much lower species richness (number of taxa) when compared with the combined numbers of freshwater and marine species from adjacent aquatic ecosystems. This is primarily because of the relatively harsh and fluctuating physico-chemical conditions in estuaries compared with the more stable freshwater and marine environments.
  2. A comprehensive fish survey of estuaries in South Africa is used as a basis to determine fish species richness in subtropical, warm temperate, and cool temperate systems along the coast, and to assess the degree of redundancy in the different biogeographic regions.
  3. In general, only one or two species belonging to each of the detritivorous, piscivorous, zoobenthivorous, and zooplanktivorous fish guilds are numerically well represented in the larger cool temperate estuaries, but between four and 10 species in each of these guilds are usually recorded in the larger subtropical estuaries.
  4. Although the overall low redundancy of fish species groups in estuaries has already been formally recognized in the literature, this short note highlights the sensitivity of certain trophic guilds in temperate South African estuaries to any form of redundancy, a characteristic that may be equally applicable, based on declining species richness with increasing latitude, to temperate estuaries in other parts of the world.
  相似文献   
5.
利用自主研制的可移动式干热风发生模拟装置,对耐高温小麦品种济麦22于花后13d(灌浆中期M)和23d(灌浆后期L)进行连续两天的干热风胁迫,设置重度干热风(S)和轻度干热风(M)2个胁迫水平,以明确不同时期和不同等级的干热风灾害对小麦小穗位和粒位粒重分布特征的影响,及其与干热风胁迫程度的关系,为干热风灾害防控提供理论依据。结果表明:不同处理主茎穗和分蘖穗小穗位和粒位粒重均呈现先升后降的二次曲线变化。干热风胁迫会引起小麦穗部小穗位和粒位粒重的降低,表现为灌浆中期干热风胁迫引起小麦穗下部和上部穗粒位总粒重显著降低,对小麦粒位粒重的危害呈现第3粒位(G3)>第1粒位(G1)>第2粒位(G2);灌浆后期胁迫则主要危害小麦穗下部和中部,对小麦粒位粒重的危害表现为G3>G2>G1。初步分析认为,在本模拟试验条件下,灌浆中期干热风引起小麦分蘖穗粒重显著降低,灌浆后期对主茎穗粒重影响更大;灌浆中期和后期干热风胁迫下,小麦G3位粒重减小最为明显。灌浆中期干热风胁迫对小麦粒重的影响大于后期,重度干热风胁迫大于轻度干热风。  相似文献   
6.
  1. Species distribution models for marine organisms are increasingly used for a range of applications, including spatial planning, conservation, and fisheries management. These models have been constructed using a variety of mathematical forms and drawing on both physical and biological independent variables; however, what might be called first-generation models have mainly followed the form of linear models, or smoothing splines, informed by data collected in the context of fish surveys.
  2. The performance of different classes of variables were tested in a series of species occurrence models built with machine learning methods, specifically evaluating the potential contribution of lower trophic level data. Random forest models were fitted based on the classification of the absence/presence for fish and macroinvertebrates surveyed on the US Northeast Continental Shelf.
  3. The potential variables included physical, primary production, secondary production, and terrain variables. For accepted model fits, six variable importance measures were computed, which collectively showed that physical and secondary production variables make the greatest contribution across all models. In contrast, terrain variables made the least contribution to these models.
  4. Multivariable analyses that account for all performance measures reinforce the role of water depth and temperature in defining species presence and absence; however, chlorophyll concentration and some specific zooplankton taxa, such as Metridia lucens and Paracalanus parvus, also make important contributions with strong seasonal variations.
  5. Our results suggest that lower trophic level variables, if available, are valuable in the creation of species distribution models for marine organisms.
  相似文献   
7.
Fifteen stems of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) of 3 commercial thinned plots (control, moderate, and intensive thinning) and 15 stems of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P), both coming from the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region – Canada, were cross-cut into three 2.4?m length sections: bottom, middle, and top logs. Logs were processed with a chipper-canter at three cutting widths (12.7, 19.1, and 25.4?mm), producing chips and a three-faced cant. The middle section of the cant was used to evaluate surface quality across the grain on each face. Roughness and waviness parameters and depth of torn grain were recorded. Knot characteristics were assessed in the three cant faces. Poorer surface quality was found in the lower part compared to the upper part of the cant for both species. At larger cutting widths, jack pine logs coming from a natural stand showed lower surface quality compared to logs from thinned stands. Black spruce waviness increased with the cutting width and stem height. These results were attributed to the increase of forces and vibration when cutting at larger cutting widths, which was worsened by the presence of bigger, more numerous knots at the control plot and in the top logs. Black spruce had deeper torn grain compared to jack pine. Their differences in knot characteristics resulted in a maximum torn grain depth favored by the presence of more knots rather than by bigger knot size. Other knot characteristics, such as the position of the knots in the cant face, the insertion angle of the branch and the distribution of the knots around the log, should be studied to better understand the relationship between torn grain formation and knottiness.  相似文献   
8.
Two cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars, Kemian 1 (cool temperature-tolerant) and Sumian 15 (cool temperature-sensitive) were used to study the effects of cool temperature on carbohydrates, yield, and fiber quality in cotton bolls located at different fruiting positions (FP). Cool temperatures were created using late planting and low light. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 using two planting dates (OPD, the optimized planting date, 25 April; LPD, the late planting date, 10 June) and two shading levels of crop relative light rate (CRLR, 100 and 60%). Compared with fruiting position 1 (FP1), cotton yield and yield components (fiber quality, leaf sucrose and starch content, and fiber cellulose) were all decreased on FP3 under all treatments. Compared with OPD-CRLR 100%, other treatments (OPD-CRLR 60%, LPD-CRLR 100%, and LPD-CRLR 60%) had significantly decreased lint yield at both FPs of both cultivars, but especially at FP3 and in Sumian 15; this decrease was mainly caused by a large decline in boll number. All fiber quality indices decreased under late planting and shading except fiber length at FP1 with OPD-CRLR 60%, and a greater reduction was observed at FP3 and in Sumian 15. Sucrose content of the subtending leaf and fiber increased under LPD compared to OPD, whereas it decreased under CRLR 60% compared to CRLR 100%, which led to decreased fiber cellulose content. Therefore, shading primarily decreased the “source” sucrose content in the subtending leaf whereas late planting diminished translocation of sucrose towards cotton fiber. Notably, as planting date was delayed and light was decreased, more carbohydrates were distributed to leaf and bolls at FP1 than those at FP3, resulting in higher yield and better fiber quality at FP1, and a higher proportion of bolls and carbohydrates allocated at FP3 of Kemian 1 compared to that of Sumian 15. In conclusion, cotton yield and fiber quality were reduced less at FP1 compared to those at FP3 under low temperature and low light conditions. Thus, reduced cotton yield and fiber quality loss can be minimized by selecting low temperature tolerant cultivars under both low temperature and light conditions.  相似文献   
9.
Quantifying feeding interactions between nonindigenous and indigenous fishes in invaded fish communities is important for determining how introduced species integrate into native food webs. Here, the trophic interactions of invasive 0+ European barbel Barbus barbus (L.) and the three other principal 0+ fishes in the community, Squalius cephalus (L.), Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) and Phoxinus phoxinus (L.), were investigated in the River Teme, a River Severn tributary in Western England. B. barbus has been present in the River Teme for approximately 40 years. Analyses of stomach contents from samples collected from three sites between June and September 2015 revealed that, overall, fishes displayed a generalist feeding strategy, with most prey having low frequency of selection. Relationships of diet composition versus body length and gape height were species‐specific, with increasing dietary specialisms apparent as the 0+ fishes increased in length and gape height. The trophic niche size of invasive B. barbus was always significantly smaller than S. cephalus and L. leuciscus and was significantly smaller than P. phoxinus at two sites. This was primarily due to differences in the functional morphology of the fishes; 0+ B. barbus were generally restricted to foraging on the benthos, whereas the other fishes were able to forage on prey present throughout the water column. Nevertheless, the invasive B. barbus were exploiting very similar prey items to populations in their native range, suggesting these invaders were strongly pre‐adapted to the River Teme and this arguably facilitated their establishment and invasion.  相似文献   
10.
直流电机驱动农用履带机器人轨迹跟踪自适应滑模控制   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为了提高农用履带机器人轨迹跟踪控制的性能,将履带机器人模型视为由电机驱动方程和运动方程组成的级联系统,在考虑了履带机器人运动学模型和电机驱动模型动态特性的基础上,构建了一种变倾斜参数的自适应积分滑模切换函数,基于这个函数设计了由等效控制和切换控制组成的自适应滑模控制,将机器人的位姿误差以及在线辨识的驱动电机时变不确定参数反馈至控制器中,计算出左右轮驱动电机的期望角速度,控制履带机器人运行。田间试验结果表明,当机器人分别以1,3,4 m/s速度运行时,在运动方向距离误差、侧向距离误差和航向角的误差分别在-0.04~0.04 m,-0.09~0.07 m和-0.03~0.05 rad范围内。因此,基于电机驱动的机器人自适应滑模控制具有良好的控制精度,能够满足田间实际作业的要求。  相似文献   
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