Essential Factors and Sustainable Development of Green Agriculture

This paper discussed the definition and essential factors of green agriculture, including green ecological environment, green material energy input, application and the popularization of green agricultural technology, the green behavior of worker, green policy regulations guarantee, fund support, supply and the production of green agriculture products, as well as the concept of green agriculture, structural mechanism and function. And finally existing problems in present green agriculture and five suggestions of green agricultural sustainable develonment were proposed.     

浅谈我省地方畜禽品种资源保护及开发利用

近年来，我省先后从国内外引进了20多个鸡种，10多个牛种、羊种和猪种等，因其高效而占领了我省市场。同时存在着盲目引种，品种多乱、杂等问题。伴随着少数高产畜禽品种的普及推广，使各地固有的许多品种资源迅速减少或消失。因此，针对陕西畜禽品种资源的现状问题，并结合近年来畜牧业生产中的实际状况，特就如何搞好地方畜禽品种资源的保护及开发利用提出建议与对策。     

A novel approach to studying the effects of temperature on soil biogeochemistry using a thermal gradient bar

The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH₄ at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q₁₀ = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH₄ emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type.     

Analysis on Mineral Element Contents in Associated with Varietal Type in Core Collection of Yunnan Rice

Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under the same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were closely related to low diversity, high-yielding, and multi-resistance breeding; The K, Mg, Ca and Mn content in high-yielding and resistant varieties were high, and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn and Cu were low, which was connected with the heredity and physiological mechanism of mineral nutrients. There is zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially for P, Fe, Zn and Cu co-related with the diversity center, paddy versus upland, glutinous and non-glutinous, glume-hair versus nuda, rice color, rice flavor, soft rice versus non-soft rice, but it did not find any association with indica-japonica types. The results supported the ecological variety group view of 5-grade taxonomic system “species-subspecies-ecological groups-ecological variety groups - varietal types“ .     

重迎茬亚麻生长发育障碍机制的研究

重迎茬亚麻减产是由多种因素综合作用的结果,亚麻重迎茬可使病害加重是最主要因素,重茬年限越久发病越严重;重迎茬造成了土壤营养元素的单一消耗,随着重迎茬年限的增加,土壤中速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等含量降低。     

棉铃疫病在阿拉尔的发生

棉铃疫病是长绒棉铃期的重要病害,在新疆阿拉尔地区,七月底至八月上旬,若遇低温、阴雨、高湿的环境条件也能严重流行。种植抗病品种和改善生态因素是控制病害发生和流行的重要途径。     

稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究

稀土对刺槐苗木生理特性影响的研究赵兰勇，梁玉堂（山东农业大学林学院泰安２７１０１８）王九龄（北京林业大学北京１０００８３）关键词稀土，刺槐，光合速率，叶绿素含量，水分利用效率，矿质元素含量近年来，稀土元素在农业上的应用研究越来越受到人们的重视，并且已...     

60多年来车尔臣河流域主要水文要素特征分析

开展河流主要水文要素变化特征分析,可为不同来水情景下水资源配置（农业需水量计算、山区水库调蓄计算、水利工程规划布局、水资源优化利用等）提供理论依据。以新疆车尔臣河为例,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、小波分析等方法对主要水文要素变化特征进行了分析。车尔臣河径流系列变差系数（Cv）为0.34,偏差系数（Cs）为1.14,径流年际变化相对稳定;1957—2021年间径流整体呈显著增加趋势,其中1957—2003年处于上升、下降的波动状态,在2003年后径流整体呈增加趋势,且在2008年发生突变;径流过程存在 11 a和 19 a的显著主周期,在主周期内还存在 7 a和 11 a的小周期;基于距平百分率法得到丰水年来水为6.630亿m³,平水年来水量为5.319亿m³,枯水年来水量为4.820亿m³;流域降水呈现显著上升趋势,气温呈先下降后上升波动,整体呈上升趋势。研究表明,1957—2021年,在车尔臣河流域,径流年际变化相对稳定,整体呈显著增加趋势,过程存在11 a和19 a的显著主周期,降水呈波动上升趋势,气温也呈增加趋势,在未来水资源配置规划时应重点关注以上特征。     

当归药材与土壤中无机元素及其指标性成分相关性分析

目的：研究当归与种植土壤中无机元素及其指标性成分间的相关性,为当归微量无机施肥和种植土地选择提供参考。方法：收集40份不同样地当归药材样本及相应土壤样本,应用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定铅、镉含量,采用原子荧光法测定汞、砷含量,采用原子火焰分光光度法测定铜含量,其余元素均采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定,应用HPLC法测定藁本内酯、阿魏酸含量,数据采用SPSS11.5软件进行多元统计分析。结果：当归药材中砷（As）元素与其藁苯内酯、阿魏酸含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.333、0.246;当归药材中Cu、K、Mn、Pb与土壤中Cu、K、Mn、Pb含量显著相关,相关系数分别为0.596、0.812、-0.720、0.735,表明当归中Cu、K、Pb的含量随栽培土壤中含量的增高而增高,Mn在土壤中不易被当归吸收。结论：当归对Pb、Cu元素可过度吸收,应选择Pb、Cu含量较低的土地栽培当归,否则富含这两种金属的土地可导致生产药材中这两种金属元素含量超标;药材因与土壤中Mn元素含量呈负相关,对于当归生长需要的微量元素Mn,应采用叶面施肥,不宜在根部施用;砷元素与提高当归品质的相关性需田间施肥实验进一步证明。     

柠条锦鸡儿组培苗继代培养中矿质元素的吸收规律

比较柠条锦鸡儿在MS、WPM、B5三种基本培养基中对P、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Cu等主要矿质元素的吸收规律,用向量分析方法找出三种基本培养基中的限制因子.结果表明:矿质养分整体供应水平是影响柠条锦鸡儿组培苗吸收矿质元素的关键因子;除此之外,MS培养基的Ca、P水平偏低,WPM和B5培养基的主要限制因子分别为K、Mn和Ca、P、K.