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1.
Effect of transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria from termite to rumen fluid of sheep on in vitro gas production,fermentation parameters,microbial populations and enzyme activity 下载免费PDF全文
Ayoub AZIZI Afrooz SHARIFI Hasan FAZAELI Arash AZARFAR Arjan JONKER Ali KIANI 《农业科学学报》2020,19(5):1323-1331
The digestive tract of termite(Microcerotermes diversus) contains a variety of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria with exocellulases enzyme activity, not found in the rumen, which could potentially improve fiber degradation in the rumen. The objectives of the current study were to determine the effect of inoculation of rumen fluid(RF) with three species of bacteria isolated from termite digestive tract, Bacillus licheniformis, Ochrobactrum intermedium, and Microbacterium paludicola, on in vitro gas production(IVGP), fermentation parameters, nutrient disappearance, microbial populations, and hydrolytic enzyme activities with fibrous wheat straw(WS) and date leaf(DL) as incubation substrate. Inoculation of RF with either of three termite bacteria increased(P0.05) ammonia-N concentration compared with the control group(free of termite gut bacteria). Termite bacteria inoculation had no effect(P0.05) on gas production characteristics, dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber disappearance, pH, and concentration and composition of volatile fatty acids. Population of proteolytic bacteria and protozoa, but not cellulolytic bacteria, were increased(P0.05) when RF was inoculated with termite bacteria with both WS and DL substrates. Inoculation of RF with termite bacteria increased protease activity, while activities of carboxymethyl-cellulase, microcrystalline-cellulase, α-amylase and filter paper degrading activity remained unchanged(P0.05). Overall, the results of this study indicated that transferring lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, isolated from digestive tract of termite, to rumen liquid increased protozoa and proteolytic bacteria population and consequently increased protease activity and ammonia-N concentration in vitro, however, no effect on fermentation and fiber degradation parameters were detected. These results suggest that the termite bacteria might be rapidly lysed by the rumen microbes before beneficial effects on the rumen fermentation process could occur. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Non-repellent insecticides, including fipronil and indoxacarb, are becoming increasingly important for soil treatments to manage the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). The effects of these insecticides on termite walking and tunneling behavior could significantly reduce their efficacy against colonies. RESULTS: Groups of R. flavipes were exposed to several concentrations of commercial formulations of fipronil and indoxacarb, and the ability of treated termites to tunnel in soil and walk was assessed. Increasing insecticide concentration resulted in a reduction in the ability of R. flavipes to walk, tunnel and form tunnel branches; the importance of these effects on the use of non-repellent insecticides is discussed. CONCLUSION: Exposure of R. flavipes to 1, 10 or 50 mg L−1 of fipronil or 50, 100 or 200 mg L−1 of indoxacarb significantly reduced termite walking and tunneling and the number of tunnel branches. Distance walked (ca 73 mm) by untreated control termites did not change over time for at least 16 h after treatment; control termites formed ca 150 cm of tunnels with ca 40 branches. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为了筛选出高效、低毒、低残毒,符合环保要求的白蚁防治药剂,从目前国际上开发的新型白蚁防治药剂中,选用5类有代表性的药剂及复配制剂进行速丰桉新造林地白蚁防治田间试验,结果表明:5%阿维菌素可湿性粉剂、50%福美双可湿性粉剂、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油、40%毒死蜱乳油、22%甲维氟铃脲可湿性粉剂及复配药剂在林间防治效果均达70%以上。其中,生物制剂5%阿维菌素可湿性粉剂和复配药剂防治效果达85%以上,可以代替氯丹、灭蚁灵和毒死蜱在白蚁防治中使用。同时,阿维菌素对环境友好,在林木白蚁防治中有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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纤维素是地球上蕴藏最多的可再生资源,白蚁是自然纤维素的主要降解者。介绍了白蚁纤维素酶对纤维素开发利用的重要意义,并就白蚁纤维素酶研究进展作一简述。 相似文献
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笔者以梁山慈竹、龙竹、勃氏甜龙竹、撑绿杂交竹、硬头黄竹为研究对象,参考国家标准GB/T 18260-2000对不同竹种、不同竹龄、不同部位的竹材进行了天然抗白蚁性能比较,以筛选抗蛀性能较好的竹材.结果表明:五种丛生竹的竹材均不具有天然抗白蚁性能;竹龄对梁山慈竹抗白蚁性能影响显著,随竹龄增加其失重率减小,竹材部位对其影响不显著.竹龄在3年以上的梁山慈竹的天然抗白蚁性优于1年和2年的;竹龄对龙竹抗白蚁性能影响不显著,竹材部位对其影响极显著,竹材上部与中下部差异显著,竹材上部失重率大于中下部;五种竹材被白蚁蛀蚀的失重率大小顺序为:梁山慈竹失重率最小,其次为勃氏甜龙竹、龙竹和硬头黄竹,撑绿杂交竹的抗白蚁性能最差、失重率最高;去竹青竹黄的龙竹试样失重率高于原竹试样,说明竹青竹黄对白蚁蛀蚀有一定防护作用. 相似文献
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金牛岭公园白蚁防治工作小结 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
白蚁对园林观赏林木危害较普遍,不仅影响园林景观,被蛀空的树木还是园林安全生产的一大隐患。文章通过金牛岭公园对白蚁危害园林植物的综合治理及预防工作经验,总结出毒饵诱杀法、毒粉喷杀法、食诱药杀法、人工挖巢法、预防法、环境治理法、周边环境控制等防治方法。力求引起绿地管理及古树保护部门的重视,将白蚁治理列入常规工作,确保园林植物及园林生产安全。 相似文献
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通过对上海松江中央公园内65株特大银杏树白蚁为害情况的调查,发现该公园银杏受害率为100%,其中存在活白蚁的银杏占总量的56.9%,采用毒土处理、粉剂疗法、建立白蚁监测点等措施,经过两次灭杀,活白蚁的灭杀率达到92.3%和93.3%,从而使存在活白蚁银杏树的比例从56.9%下降到2.7%,白蚁发生情况明显降低。 相似文献