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为了筛选获得可用于防治李氏禾的病原菌菌株,采用孢子形态观察和ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列分析法对分离自云南西双版纳稻田感病李氏禾植株上的两株病原真菌菌株进行了鉴定,采用离体叶片生测法评价其除草活性,采用盆栽生测法评价其对主要作物的安全性.结果表明,两株病原真菌分别被鉴定为稻平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris oryzae)和稻平脐蠕孢有性型[Bipolaris oryzae (teleomorph:Cochliobolus miyabeanus)].稻平脐蠕孢发酵液对李氏禾的致病性最高为88.9%;稻平脐蠕孢有性型发酵液配制的菌悬液对李氏禾的致病性最高为100%.两个菌株对水稻、玉米、黄瓜及番茄等主要农作物安全.  相似文献   
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The taxonomic history of anamorphic species attributed to Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is reviewed, along with evidence supporting their relationship with teleomorphic species classified in Talaromyces. To supplement previous conclusions based on ITS, SSU and/or LSU sequencing that Talaromyces and subgenus Biverticillium comprise a monophyletic group that is distinct from Penicillium at the generic level, the phylogenetic relationships of these two groups with other genera of Trichocomaceae was further studied by sequencing a part of the RPB1 (RNA polymerase II largest subunit) gene. Talaromyces species and most species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticilliumsensu Pitt reside in a monophyletic clade distant from species of other subgenera of Penicillium. For detailed phylogenetic analysis of species relationships, the ITS region (incl. 5.8S nrDNA) was sequenced for the available type strains and/or representative isolates of Talaromyces and related biverticillate anamorphic species. Extrolite profiles were compiled for all type strains and many supplementary cultures. All evidence supports our conclusions that Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium is distinct from other subgenera in Penicillium and should be taxonomically unified with the Talaromyces species that reside in the same clade. Following the concepts of nomenclatural priority and single name nomenclature, we transfer all accepted species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium to Talaromyces. A holomorphic generic diagnosis for the expanded concept of Talaromyces, including teleomorph and anamorph characters, is provided. A list of accepted Talaromyces names and newly combined Penicillium names is given. Species of biotechnological and medical importance, such as P. funiculosum and P. marneffei, are now combined in Talaromyces. Excluded species and taxa that need further taxonomic study are discussed. An appendix lists other generic names, usually considered synonyms of Penicillium sensu lato that were considered prior to our adoption of the name Talaromyces. TAXONOMIC NOVELTIES: Taxonomic novelties:New species - Talaromyces apiculatus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, sp. nov. New combinationsand names - Talaromyces aculeatus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. albobiverticillius (H.-M. Hsieh, Y.-M. Ju & S.-Y. Hsieh) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. allahabadensis (B.S. Mehrotra & D. Kumar) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. aurantiacus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. boninensis (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz, & Frisvad, T. brunneus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. calidicanius (J.L. Chen) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. cecidicola (Seifert, Hoekstra & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. coalescens (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. dendriticus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. diversus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. duclauxii (Delacr.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. echinosporus (Nehira) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, comb. nov. T. erythromellis (A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. funiculosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. islandicus (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. loliensis (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. marneffei (Segretain, Capponi & Sureau) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. minioluteus (Dierckx) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. palmae (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. panamensis (Samson, Stolk & Frisvad) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. paucisporus (Yaguchi, Someya & Udagawa) Samson & Houbraken T. phialosporus (Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. piceus (Raper & Fennell) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pinophilus (Hedgcock) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. pittii (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. primulinus (Pitt) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. proteolyticus (Kamyschko) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. pseudostromaticus (Hodges, G.M. Warner, Rogerson) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. purpurogenus (Stoll) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rademirici (Quintan.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. radicus (A.D. Hocking & Whitelaw) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. ramulosus (Visagie & K. Jacobs) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rubicundus (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. rugulosus (Thom) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. sabulosus (Pitt & A.D. Hocking) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. siamensis (Manoch & C. Ramírez) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. sublevisporus (Yaguchi & Udagawa) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. variabilis (Sopp) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. varians (G. Sm.) Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad, T. verruculosus (Peyronel) Samson, Yilmaz, Frisvad & Seifert, T. viridulus Samson, Yilmaz & Frisvad.  相似文献   
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对安徽省分布的布氏虫草Cordyceps brongniartii及其无性型布氏白僵菌Beauveria brongniartii、柱形虫草Cordyceps cylindrica及其无性型紫色野村菌Nomuraea atypicola、牯牛降异虫草Metacordyceps guniujiangensis及其无性型柱孢绿僵菌近似种Metarhizium aff.cylindrosporum、根足线虫草琅琊山变种Ophiocordyceps heteropodavar.langyashanensis及其无性型根足被毛孢Hirsutella heteropoda、腮金龟线虫草O.melolonthae、蜻蜓线虫草O.odonatae、蝼蛄线虫草(朝鲜虫草)O.gryllotalpae和草剃虫草Cordyceps kusanagiensis等20个虫草及其相关真菌种类重新整理发表,其中腮金龟虫草为中国大陆首次报道;同时,纠正了蜻蜓线虫草原始描述中的错误。鉴定标本保存在安徽农业大学虫生真菌研究中心(RCEFAAU)。  相似文献   
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Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   
6.
球孢白僵菌有性世代培养及子代毒力稳定性鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在利用球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana有性态改良球孢白僵菌菌株的研究中,菌株的选择非常重要,其中利用交配型基因选择菌株是必要手段。而且虫生真菌的有性态能够使菌株间产生基因交流,促进其进化的过程。为更好地研究球孢白僵菌的遗传规律,以获得避免菌种衰退的方法,本研究建立了分别以柞蚕蛹为活体寄主和糙米培养基为基质的2种人工培养有性世代繁殖体系。结果表明,交配型为MAT1-1-1型和MAT1-2-1型混合型菌株BbDPSD5,经过自交在2种基质上均能够产生有性态。而具有2种单一交配型的菌株BbOFDH1-5和BbDPSD2进行配伍试验,BbOFDH1-5×BbDPSD2、BbOFDH1-5×BbDPSD5和BbDPSD2×BbDPSD5在2种基质上均没有有性态产生。对获得的有性态子囊孢子经无性繁殖产生的菌株进行r DNA-ITS片段以及交配型基因检测,并对测序结果进行比对分析。结果显示,扩增得到的r DNA-ITS序列和MAT1-2-1交配型基因与亲本序列同源性为100%,而没有检测到MAT1-1-1型。2种培养方式获得的结果完全一致。对有性态子代子囊孢子产生的株系进行毒力测试结果表明,所有子代菌株与原始菌株BbDPSD5的毒力差异不显著,子代交配型基因虽然缺失了MAT1-1-1,但是毒力没有衰退,未出现菌种退化现象。  相似文献   
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报道了采于安徽霍山的布氏虫草近似种 Cordycepsbrongniartii Shimazu aff.。通过子囊孢子的微循环产孢证实其无性型是多形白僵菌 Beauveria amorpha Samson,并成功诱发出有性型子实体  相似文献   
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The disease septoria tritici blotch of wheat is initiated by ascospores of the teleomorph Mycosphaerella graminicola or pycnidiospores of the anamorph Septoria tritici. We report for the first time the presence of the teleomorph, M. graminicola, in Denmark. With the objective of elucidating the importance of the teleomorph for the development of septoria tritici blotch, data on the occurrence of fruit bodies of the anamorph (pycnidia) and the teleomorph (pseudothecia) stages were collected over three growing seasons. Pseudothecia were present in the springs, however, high numbers of pseudothecia compared to pycnidia were not observed until July, too late to influence the epidemic. On an individual leaf layer, pycnidia were observed well before pseudothecia. As the leaves aged, progressively higher proportions of fruit bodies were observed to be pseudothecia. The period from the appearance of pycnidia to detection of pseudothecia was estimated as 29–53 days. At harvest, high proportions of sporulating fruit bodies in the crop were pseudothecia, suggesting that the primary source of inoculum for new emerging wheat crops in autumn is likely to be ascospores.  相似文献   
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【目的】利用绿色荧光蛋白标记研究麦根腐平脐孺孢(Bipolaris sorokiniana,引起小麦根腐病和叶枯病)对小麦根系和叶片的侵染过程,建立直观、非破坏性研究病原菌—植物互作的体系。【方法】采用农杆菌介导法将gfp导入麦根腐平脐孺孢菌株Bs-1中,对转化子进行荧光表达、PCR验证、遗传稳定性、生长特性和胞外酶代谢分析。选用与野生型菌株表现相近的转化子Bs-GFP研究麦根腐平脐孺孢对小麦品种矮抗58根和叶片的侵染过程。【结果】转化子Bs-GFP的菌丝和分生孢子表达明亮的绿色荧光,利用基因特异标记扩增证明gfp被整合到真菌的基因组中。对GFP标记菌株Bs-GFP的遗传稳定性和生长特性分析表明,gfp在转化子中能稳定地遗传,菌落的生长速度和胞外酶代谢与野生型菌株相比没有显著差异。菌株Bs-GFP可以在小麦的地下和地上部分引起病症,而且与野生型菌株Bs-1在小麦植株根系和茎基部组织定殖的数量(即CFU值)相近。【结论】利用农杆菌介导方法获得表达绿色荧光的麦根腐平脐孺孢菌株可以直观地观察病原菌对寄主的侵染过程,研究结果有助于更好地解析麦根腐平脐孺孢与小麦以及其它禾谷类寄主之间的互作。  相似文献   
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