生物质炭对磺胺类抗生素在坡耕地紫色土中吸附-解吸及淋溶过程的影响

吸附-解吸是影响抗生素类污染物在土壤中迁移转化及生物有效性的重要过程，本文以川中丘陵区坡耕地紫色土为研究对象，通过批量平衡实验和柱实验研究生物炭施用（投加量0(B0)、39.75 (B1)t/hm2和198.75 (B2) t/hm2）及田间老化作用（夏季干湿交替）对三种典型磺胺类抗生素（磺胺嘧啶（SD）、磺胺二甲基嘧啶（SM2）及磺胺甲恶唑（SMZ））在紫色土中的吸附-解吸和淋溶行为的影响。结果表明：在几种处理中，三种磺胺类抗生素吸附强弱的顺序都表现为SD>SMZ>SM2；与B0处理相比，添加生物炭能增加土壤对三种抗生素的吸附能力，其中SM2的吸附显著增加（P<0.05），但这种促进作用在经过老化过程后有所减弱。在解吸过程中，三种抗生素的Freundlich常数Kf大小顺序为SD>SMZ>SM2，表明SD在土壤中吸附容量最大且不易解吸，其次是SMZ和SM2；相应的迟滞系数H大小顺序为SD相似文献   

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡肉中61种抗菌药物

为建立固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定鸡肉中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类药物残留的分析方法,通过准确称取2g鸡肉样品,经PBS缓冲液提取,以Agilent Pleax PCX固相萃取柱净化,最后以液相色谱-串联质谱进行检测。结果显示:在最优试验条件下测得磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类抗菌药物线性良好,相关系数(R²)均大于0.99;方法定量限为1.0~10.0μg/kg;在3个浓度添加水平下,平均回收率为62.9%~118.2%,批间变异系数为4.3%~18.8%。结果表明,本试验建立的方法操作简单,检测耗时短,具有很好的精密度与准确度,适合鸡肉中磺胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类药物残留的同时检测。     

动物源性食品中磺胺类药物多残留检测方法研究进展

介绍了目前常用的磺胺类药物多残留检测方法,并对各种多残留检测方法进行了比较分析.同时在该基础上对磺胺类药物多残留检测的研究方向与发展前景进行了展望.     

用HPLC法测定动物肌肉中的磺胺类药物

七种动物肌肉组织中残留的磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、磺胺地索辛(SDM)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)、磺胺喹恶啉(SQ)经乙腈提取，正己烷分配，再经碱性氧化铝SPE柱净化后，用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定。该方法的最低检测限为2μg/kg，最低检出限为10μg/kg，回收率为60％-110％，批内变异系数小于15％，批间变异系数小于20％。     

Combined effects of the antibiotic sulfadiazine and liquid manure on the soil microbial‐community structure and functions

Sulfonamides are the second most used antibiotic class in veterinary medicine and applied to livestock to treat bacterial infections. Subsequently, they are spread onto agricultural soils together with the contaminated manure used as fertilizer. Both manure and antibiotics affect the soil microbial community. However, the influence of different liquid manure loads on effects of antibiotics to soil microorganisms is not well understood. Therefore, we performed a microcosm experiment for up to 32 d to clarify whether the function and structure of the soil microbial community is differently affected by interactions of manure and the antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ). To this end selected concentrations of pig liquid manure (0, 20, 40, 80 g kg^–1) and SDZ (0, 10, 100 mg kg^–1) were combined. We hypothesized that incremental manure amendment might reduce the effect of SDZ in soils, due to an increasing sorption capacity of SDZ to organic compounds. Clear dose‐dependent effects of SDZ on microbial biomass and PLFA pattern were determined, and SDZ effects interacted with the liquid manure application rate. Soil microbial biomass increased with incremental liquid manure addition, whereas this effect was absent in the presence of additional SDZ. However, activities of enzymes such as urease and protease were only slightly affected and basal respiration was not affected by SDZ application, while differences mostly depended on the concentration of liquid manure. These results illustrated that the microbial biomass and structural composition react more sensitive to SDZ contamination than functional processes. Furthermore, effects disproportionally increased with incremental liquid manure addition, although extractable amounts of SDZ declined with increasing liquid manure application.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水产品中残留的12种喹诺酮和磺胺类药物

建立水产品中有12种喹诺酮类（QNs）和磺胺类（SAs）药物残留量同时测定的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法。以氘代试剂做内标,选择乙腈提取,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用LC—MS／MS选择反应监测（SRM）正离子模式测定进行定性、定量分析。结果表明,12种喹诺酮类（QNs）和磺胺类（SAs）药物的检出限（LOD）为1．0μg／kg,定量限（LOQ）为2．0μg／kg,检测结果的相对标准偏差为3．5％～14．6％（n=6）,加标回收率达到69．5％～121．9％。该方法具有比较高的重现性和选择性,在水产品中喹诺酮类和磺胺类药物的残留测定中具有很好的应用前景。     

分散固相萃取-超高液相色谱/质谱测定水产品中磺胺类抗生素的残留量

为了更快、更准、更简易地测定水产品中磺胺类抗生素的残留量,建立了分散固相萃取(dSPE)-超高液相色谱/质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定水产品中磺胺类抗生素残留量的方法。实验主要比较了3种样品净化方法:分散固相萃取(dSPE)法、旋转蒸发浓缩法、国家标准净化方法。处理的水产样品,稀释后经UPLC-MS/MS进行检测分析。结果表明,分散固相萃取(dSPE)法对样品前处理比其他2种方法快速,精确,简易。经分散固相萃取(dSPE)法净化后的磺胺类药物在0.5~50μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9;仪器检出限为0.0007~0.002μg/L,方法的检出限为0.007~0.02μg/kg,定量限为0.02~0.08μg/kg。在水产品中的加标回收率为67.0%~173.5%,RSD为2%~24.5%。该方法实现了快速、简单、准确地测定水产品中磺胺类抗生素残留分析,为研究水产品中磺胺类抗生素残留快速准确检测的方法提供参考。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌磺胺类药物耐药基因的检测

为了解河南省及周边地区规模化猪场猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)对磺胺类药物的耐药情况,本研究从河南省及周边地区49个规模化猪场的肺脏和气管中分离出79株疑似APP菌株,血清型鉴定结果显示,分离菌株为1、2、3、5、7、8、9、10型APP,采用纸片扩散法对分离株进行了耐药表型鉴定,同时采用PCR方法对磺胺类药物耐药基因进行了检测。药敏试验结果显示,APP对磺胺类药物的耐药率为100%(79/79)。根据Gen Bank中登录的序列,设计了3对特异性引物,对磺胺类药物的耐药基因Sul1、Sul2、Sul3进行扩增检测。耐药基因检测结果显示,分离的79株细菌中,Sul2基因检出率为100%(79/79),Sul1基因的检出率为79.75%(63/79),Sul3基因的检出率为89.87%(71/79),Sul1和Sul2基因同时检出率为70.89%(56/79),Sul1和Sul3同时检出率为62.03%(49/79),Sul2和Sul3基因同时检出率为77.22%(61/79)。     

HPLC法测定猪肉中磺胺类药物残留

采用HPLC测定猪肉中磺胺类药物的残留,以Cloversil C18色谱柱、甲醇-1％乙酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,进样量5μL,流速0.6 mL/min,240-280 nm波长紫外检测.测定结果表明,猪肉中含有磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺噻唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺喹噁啉等磺胺类药物.利用HPLC法检测猪肉中磺胺类药物残留快速、准确.     

Transference of Dietary Veterinary Drugs into Eggs

Twelve veterinary drugs, bacitracin (BC), chloramphenicol (CAP),chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tylosin (TS), amprolium (APL), furazolidone (FZD), nicarbazine (NCZ), ormetoprium (OMP), sulfadimidine (SDD), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were fed to laying hens for 14 days, each at a dietary concentration of 500 mg/kg. The concentrations of the drugs in the eggs from these birds were determined at 2-day intervals for 14 days after the start of feeding. The relationship between the concentrations of the drugs (mg/kg) in the eggs and the number of days after the start of feeding was analysed by regression and covariance analyses. The concentrations of the drugs in the eggs became constant after 4 days for OTC, TS, FZD and all the sulfonamides, and after 6 days for CAP, APL, NCZ and OMP. No BC or CTC was detected in the eggs. The transfer rates of the 10 drugs (excluding BC and CTC) from the feed to eggs varied from 0.005% for TS up to 1.540% for SDD.