Tree-ring response of Larix chinensis on regional climate and sea-surface temperature variations in alpine timberline in the Qinling Mountains

Tree-ring width chronologies of Larix chinensis were developed from the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province,and climatic factors affecting the tree-ring widths of L.chinensis were examined.Correlation analysis showed that similar correlations between tree-ring width chronologies and climatic factors demonstrated that radial growth responded to climate change on both slopes.The radial growth of L.chinensis was mainly limited by temperature,especially the growing season.In contrast,both chronologies were negatively correlated with precipitation in May of the previous year and April of the current year.Spatial climate-correlation analyses with gridded land-surface climate data revealed that our tree-ring width chronologies contained a strong regional temperature signal over much of northcentral and eastern China.Spatial correlation with seasurface temperature fields highlights the influence of the Pacific Ocean,Indian Ocean,and North Atlantic Ocean.Wavelet coherence analysis indicated the existence of some decadal and interannual cycles in the two tree-ring width chronologies.This may suggest the influences of El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation and solar activity on tree growth in the Qinling Mountains.These findings will help us understand the growth response of L.chinensis to climate change in the Qinling region,and they provide critical information for future climate reconstructions based on this species in semi-humid regions.     

柑橘脉突病毒基因组全长cDNA克隆及其侵染性鉴定

【目的】构建柑橘脉突病毒（citrus vein enation virus,CVEV）侵染性克隆,为从分子水平解析其致病机理打下基础。【方法】利用SMARTer^? RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)试剂盒对CVEV的5′序列进行RACE,并依据序列分析结果及CVEV分离株VE-1保守序列,设计CVEV基因组全长cDNA扩增引物。以CVEV毒源植株的总RNA为模板,通过EV25-F/EV5983-R引物扩增CVEV基因组全长cDNA。利用In-Fusion重组连接线性化pXT1和CVEV全长cDNA。通过菌液PCR及测序分析鉴定CVEV基因组全长cDNA克隆。通过农杆菌介导的真空浸润接种摩洛哥酸橙（Citrus aurantium）、邓肯葡萄柚（C. paradisi）、尤力克柠檬（C.limon）、枳柚（C. paradisi×Poncirus trifoliata)、Rusk枳橙（P. trifoliata×C. sinensis）、枣阳小叶枳(P. trifoliata),进一步通过RT-PCR检测、症状观察鉴定所构建CVEV全长cDNA克隆的侵染性。【结果】建立了CVEV的基因组全长RT-PCR扩增体系,获得基于双元载体pXT1的CVEV基因组全长cDNA克隆10个。随机选取的6个全长cDNA克隆CVEV1901—CVEV1906的序列一致性为99.35%。其中,CVEV1901基因组全长5 983 nt,由5个开放阅读框、5′端207 nt和3′端198 nt的两个非翻译区、以及ORF2和ORF3之间122 nt的基因间隔区组成。序列分析结果显示,CVEV1901与浙江分离株XZG及四川SM分离株的序列一致性分别为99.98%和99.11%;与西班牙VE-1分离株、美国加州VE701分离株和日本IBK分离株基因组序列一致性在96.89%—98.61%;与同属中豌豆耳突花叶病毒（pea enation mosaic virus）和紫花苜蓿耳突病毒（alfalfa enamovirus）的序列一致性约90%。通过农杆菌介导的真空浸润将CVEV1901接种至6个不同的柑橘品种,接种后120 d的RT-PCR检测结果表明摩洛哥酸橙、邓肯葡萄柚、尤力克柠檬、枳柚、Rusk枳橙和枣阳小叶枳阳性植株/接种植株（阳性率）分别为16/17（94.12%）、12/14（85.71%）、16/21（76.19%）、15/19（78.95%）、13/14（92.86%）和0/18（0）。其中,部分摩洛哥酸橙出现典型CVEV侵染症状,叶片侧脉和支脉产生耳状小突起,叶背有相应的凹陷;部分邓肯葡萄柚和尤力克柠檬出现叶片皱缩现象。【结论】建立了CVEV的基因组全长RT-PCR扩增体系,获得了CVEV基因组全长cDNA侵染性克隆,通过农杆菌介导的真空浸润接种可引起摩洛哥酸橙、邓肯葡萄柚和尤力克柠檬的CVEV侵染症状。     

苦瓜种子大小和单粒质量的遗传分析

以苦瓜自交系K7-359(P_1)和K7-422(P_2)分别作为母本和父本,通过杂交获得F_1,F_1自交获得F_2群体,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析苦瓜种子长度、宽度和单粒质量的遗传规律。结果表明,苦瓜种子长度和单粒质量的遗传均符合加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型(C-0模型),多基因遗传率分别为84.91%和76.55%,说明对苦瓜种子长度和单粒质量的选择宜在高世代进行;苦瓜种子宽度的遗传符合1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型(D-0模型),主基因和多基因遗传率分别为79.30%和3.86%,主基因遗传效应主要以加性效应为主,说明对种子宽度的改良可以采用组合育种的策略,且适宜在早期世代进行选择。     

翅形态特征在重阳木斑蛾成虫性别鉴定中的应用

为了明确重阳木斑蛾的翅形态特征在其性别鉴定中的作用,探索雌雄难于区分的成虫的数值鉴定方法。采用图像处理与分析技术,通过爱普生扫描仪获取重阳木斑蛾前翅图,利用BugShape v1.0软件提取雌雄成虫翅的轮廓特征,利用tpsDig2软件获取翅脉交叉点位置特征,并利用独立样本t检验和标志点空间普氏叠加和扭曲分析,以明确此类特征在该成虫雌雄鉴定中的作用。结果表明,重阳木斑蛾成虫左右前翅轮廓特征在同一性别中差异不显著。仅利用左前翅数据进行分析时,翅面积、短轴长度、等效圆半径、偏心率、球状性和圆形度在两个性别中存在极显著差异,周长和长轴长度的差异达到显著水平,而紧凑度和叶状性差异不显著。使用左右前翅作为数据集进行分析时,除紧凑度和叶状性差异仍不显著外,其余参数均达到极显著水平。雌雄前翅轮廓特征作为指标来判别性别时正确率为100%,但存在左右翅相互错判现象。翅膀内部翅脉交叉点的空间位置在个体间存在较大差异,主要表现在相对于翅的横向方向变异大。雌雄间的差异主要存在于外缘附近的翅脉交叉点。结论:通过前翅的轮廓特征可以区分重阳木斑蛾雌雄成虫的差异。翅脉交叉点空间位置在雌雄间和个体间存在一定的变异。     

全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机设计与试验

为进一步提升全膜双垄沟覆膜种床机械化耕整作业效果与作业效率,基于全膜双垄沟种床双幅覆膜覆土农艺技术栽培模式,设计全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机,实现了全膜双垄沟种床构建过程中的旋耕、起垄、施肥、双幅覆膜覆土及镇压的一体化作业。在设定联合作业机传动系统的前提下,对样机关键部件进行设计与选型,确定其旋耕刀组、排肥装置、提土-种床覆土装置的工作参数与功耗,同时解析了刮板式提土装置、水平双向螺旋输土装置作业过程,得到满足双幅覆膜种床各部位覆土的必要条件。应用离散单元法对提土-种床覆土装置"提土-输土-覆土"动态作业过程进行数值模拟,分析了各工作环节输土、覆土特性,对影响覆土作业效果的相关因素进行了探讨。田间试验结果表明,当全膜双垄沟双幅覆膜覆土联合作业机前进速度为1. 10 m/s时,采光面地膜机械破损程度为39. 8 mm/m~2、种床膜边覆土宽度合格率为94. 5%、大垄垄体中心覆土宽度合格率为91. 6%、种床覆土厚度合格率为97. 5%、种床起垄高度合格率为93. 2%,试验指标均符合国家与行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求,田间试验工况与仿真结果基本一致。     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与草莓镶脉病毒移动蛋白P1互作的寄主因子

 构建感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)森林草莓的酵母cDNA文库,利用酵母双杂交系统,筛选出与SVBV P1蛋白互作的15种寄主因子。生物信息学分析发现,这15种寄主因子参与茉莉酸途径、泛素化、光合作用、抗病抗逆、蛋白修饰、蛋白运输和氧化还原等多种生物过程。另外,这些寄主因子还具有其他分子功能,包括氧化还原酶活性、蛋白二硫化物异构酶活性和金属离子结合活性等。本研究初步探讨了P1与寄主因子的互作机理,为揭示SVBV侵染森林草莓以及SVBV在寄主中扩展的分子机制提供理论依据。     

联合收获机单神经元PID导航控制器设计与试验

针对联合收获机在田间直线跟踪作业中在维持高割幅率条件下易产生漏割的问题,设计了一种基于单神经元PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation)的联合收获机导航控制器。以轮式联合收获机为平台,通过对原有液压转向机构进行电控液压改装,搭载相关传感器构建了导航硬件系统。开展了常规PID控制和单神经元PID控制的仿真以及实地对比试验,仿真结果表明单神经元PID控制具有超调小和进入稳态快等特点;路面试验表明,当收获机速度为0.7 m/s时,单神经元PID控制最大跟踪偏差为6.10 cm,平均绝对偏差为1.21 cm;田间试验表明,收获机速度为0.7 m/s时,单神经元PID控制田间收获最大跟踪偏差为8.14 cm,平均绝对偏差为3.20 cm。试验表明所设计的联合收获机导航控制器能够满足自动导航收获作业要求,为收获作业自动导航提供了技术参考。     

Ontogenetic resource use and trophic dynamics of endangered juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus among diversified nursery habitats in the northern Beibu Gulf,China

Horseshoe crabs, the most well-known example of “living fossils”, are iconic and ecologically important macroinvertebrates in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Their blood is a crucial resource for manufacturing Limulus or Tachypleus amebocyte lysate to detect bacterial endotoxins or fungal contamination in drug and medical devices. An enhanced understanding of their ecological roles and trophic interactions in the food webs is fundamental to facilitate resource management for the declining populations in Asia. Foraging information of the Asian species, however, is mainly derived from preliminary, scattered reports from a limited number of study locations. In this study, resource utilization, trophic niche dynamics, and trophic interaction of the juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus (instars 1–12, approximately 0.5–8 years old) across ontogeny was assessed in diversified nursery habitats along the northern Beibu Gulf, China, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. Our results suggest that: (i) T. tridentatus are ecological generalists given the vast range of carbon isotopic values and trophic niche width estimates exhibited between multiple instar groups; (ii) juvenile T. tridentatus across most habitat types predominantly assimilated energy from a variety of basal production sources in the food web, but primarily depended on sedimentary organic matter and seagrass resource pools; (iii) ontogenetic shifts in juvenile dietary proportions were evident, with decreased reliance on sedimentary organic matter, coupled with increased reliance on benthic macroinvertebrate grazers, detritivores, and omnivores with age; and (iv) nearly all juvenile instars occupied similar trophic positions in the food web with slight shifts in trophic position present with increasing size. Our findings indicate that resource availability and ontogenetic diet shifts strongly influence horseshoe crab trophic dynamics, and age should be accounted when formulating habitat conservation measures based on resource use for Asian horseshoe crabs.     

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in trimethylamine N-oxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-mediated oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS: The cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay. The cells were stained by DCFH-DA, and the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed by phase-contrast microscopy and detected by flow cytometric analysis. The protein levels of phospho-IRE-1α, IRE-1α and GRP78/BiP were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: TMAO exerted no significant effect on the viability of HUVECs. For a long period (>24 h), even a low concentration (10 μmol/L) of TMAO increased the oxidative stress level in the HUVECs (P<0.05). TMAO increased the phosphorylation level of IRE-1α and significantly up-regulated the protein level of GRP78/BiP in HUVECs (P<0.01). Pretreatment with STF-083010, an inhibitor of IRE1α, for 1 h reduced TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in TMAO-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.