中小型饲料企业的供应链管理与物流配送

中小型饲料企业是饲料产品经济发展中的重要组成部分，也是我国农牧行业经济发展的重要组成部分。随着计算机物联网技术的不断发展，当前线上销售模式应成为中小型饲料企业创新经济增长点的重点发展领域，而要想更好的发展线上运营模式必须考虑当前中小型饲料企业自身供应链管理物流配送的发展状况。本文研究分析当前中小型饲料企业供应链管理及物流配送的发展现状，通过对供应链管理的核心影响因素及中小型饲料企业所处内外部环境的深入研究，分析当前中小型饲料企业供应链管理发展问题背后的原因，并在此基础上提出针对中小型饲料企业供应链管理与物流配送的合理性建议与优化措施。 [关键词]中小型饲料企业|供应链管理|优化措施     

基于原型网络的小样本禽蛋图像特征检测方法

机器视觉因具有检测速度快、稳定性高及成本低等优点，已发展成为禽蛋无损检测领域主流检测手段。使用该技术对禽蛋进行无损检测时，需要依赖大量禽蛋图像作为数据支撑才能取得较好的检测效果。由于养殖安全等限制，禽蛋图像数据的采集成本较高，针对该问题，提出了一种适应于小样本禽蛋图像检测的原型网络（Prototypical network）。该网络利用引入注意力机制的逆残差结构搭建的卷积神经网络将不同类别的禽蛋图像映射至嵌入空间，并利用欧氏距离度量测试禽蛋图像在嵌入空间的类别，从而完成禽蛋图像的分类。本文利用该网络分别验证了小样本条件下受精蛋与无精蛋、双黄蛋与单黄蛋及裂纹蛋与正常蛋的分类检测效果，其检测精度分别为95%、98%、88%。试验结果表明本文方法能够有效地解决禽蛋图像检测中样本不足的问题，为禽蛋图像无损检测研究提供了新的思路。     

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.     

盆栽小菊潮汐式灌溉栽培技术初探

为实现国产花卉的规模化、高品质生产,对盆栽小菊橙色雨燕开展离地潮汐式灌溉栽培技术研究,通过对栽培基质、灌溉供液模式等关键技术进行研究,形成环境友好型的生产模式,在提高花卉品质的同时,实现水、肥、人工的节约,并减少病虫害的发生,为绿色农业发展提供重要技术参考。     

云南籼稻小苗机插技术研究

为了降低机插稻育秧、运秧劳动强度,在云南籼稻地区探索籼稻小苗机插技术。以吉优716为材料,设置160 g/盘（T1 ）和180 g/盘（T2）2个播种量处理,秧龄9 d,每667 m²大田用秧6盘。以常规播种量70 g/盘,15 d秧龄,每667 m²用秧15盘为对照,比较分析了不同处理间秧苗素质、栽插质量、茎蘖动态和产量的差异。结果表明,虽然密播小苗处理秧苗素质不如对照,并且缺丛率较高,但每丛基本苗数、各时期的茎蘖数和有效穗数均显著高于对照,最终产量均高于对照。较高的有效穗数是机插密播小苗技术增产的主要原因。其中,T1处理用种量比对照减少了8.57%,秧盘数比对照减少60%,但产量比对照增加了9.0%,节本增效的效果明显,具有较大的推广潜力。     

界首市泉河小流域农业面源污染调查与评价

为了解界首市泉河小流域农业面源污染现状和特征，制定相应的农业面源防控措施，对流域内农业面源污染情况进行了调查分析和评价。通过对该典型小流域内陶庙镇、王集镇、代桥镇、泉阳镇4个乡镇的11个行政村的农田污染源、养殖污染源及人居生活污染源进行实地走访，调查数据应用等标污染负荷法进行评价分析。结果表明，界首市泉河小流域内4个乡镇的农业面源污染排放源中，农田污染源的污染物总量和污染负荷率分别是17.44 t和4.68％；养殖污染物排放总量和污染源负荷分别是99.31 t和26.63％；生活源污染物的排放量和污染负荷率最大，分别达到256.19 t和68.69％；在COD、TN、TP 3个主要评价因子中，污染负荷率最高的是COD，达80.22％，TN污染负荷率为9.22％，TP的污染负荷率为10.56％；养殖业污染和人居生活污染源是界首市泉河小流域农业面源污染的主要来源，也是该小流域农业面源污染防控的重点。在治理该小流域农业面源污染时，应大力发展绿色、生态、循环农业，严格控制畜禽养殖污染，加大农村人居环境整治，强化政府在农业面源污染治理中的统筹引导作用等。     

小径木梯形板锯刨机结构设计与研究

针对目前市面上加工小径木的机器加工精度低、效率不高、出材率低等问题，分析提高小径木梯形板出材率、加工效率及加工精度的设计方法，通过新的设计方法制定了新的加工工艺。结合工艺分析设计了小径木梯形板锯刨机的总体结构，可以对小径木梯形板进行锯切、粗刨、精刨加工。在对其核心组件锯切组件与刨削组件的加工原理进行分析的基础上，设计了锯切组件结构与刨削组件结构。通过导入锯切主轴SolidWorks的三维模型，利用ANSYS对其锯切主轴进行静力学分析，得到锯切主轴的应力、应变和变形云图，其中最大应力值为7.435 MPa、最大应变值为0.042 316 mm/m、最大变形量为0.002 178 8 mm，其强度、刚度及变形量均在许用范围内，仿真验证了锯切主轴的设计的合理性。     

农地确权对小农户信贷可得性的影响——基于双稳健估计方法的平均处理效应分析

基于我国9省小农户调查数据,运用双稳健的平均处理效应模型,研究了农地确权对小农户信贷可得性的影响及其作用机理。结果表明:农地确权可以提升小农户信贷可得性。进一步研究发现,需求方面的影响路径是:确权提高了小农户的土地安全性,增加了农业长期投资,并提高了信贷意愿。供给方面的影响路径是:确权增加了小农户的财产权并使其拥有了可流转大额财产,传递了还款可能性增加的信号;而且可将农地作为抵押品获得农地抵押贷款,增加了金融机构的贷款供给。不过,农地的信号传递作用大于抵押作用,农地抵押作用的发挥需要进行进一步的制度和组织创新。     

Assessing spillover from marine protected areas and its drivers: A meta‐analytical approach

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the fisheries benefits remain debateable. Many MPAs include a fully protected area (FPA), restricting all activities, within a partially protected area (PPA) where potentially sustainable activities are permitted. An effective tool for biodiversity conservation, FPAs, can sustain local fisheries via spillover, that is the outward export of individuals from FPAs. Spillover refers to both: “ecological spillover”: outward net emigration of juveniles, subadults and/or adults from the FPA; and “fishery spillover”: the fraction of ecological spillover that directly benefits fishery yields and revenues through fishable biomass. Yet, how common is spillover remains controversial. We present a meta‐analysis of a unique global database covering 23 FPAs worldwide, using published literature and purposely collected field data, to assess the capacity of FPAs to export biomass and whether this response was mediated by specific FPA features (e.g. size, age) or species characteristics (e.g. mobility, economic value). Results show fish biomass and abundance outside FPAs was higher: (a) in locations close to FPA borders (<200 m) than further away (>200 m); (b) for species with a high commercial value; and (c) in the presence of PPA surrounding the FPA. Spillover was slightly higher in FPAs that were larger and older and for more mobile species. Based on the broadest data set compiled to date on marine species ecological spillover beyond FPAs' borders, our work highlights elements that could guide strategies to enhance local fishery management using MPAs.